A microplate growth inhibition assay [47 (
link)] was applied to measure the growth inhibitory effect of
L.
enzymogenes CFS, antibiotics (cefixime, levofloxacin and gentamicin) and their combination against MSSA, MRSA and
E.
coli O157:H7. This assay allows the observation of discernible inhibition during growth using turbidity parameter which is measured through the detection of light scatter in absorbance at 600 nm using a microplate reader.
L.
enzymogenes CFS growth inhibitory activity evaluation was performed by adding 10 μL aliquots of 10
6 CFU/mL bacterial suspension (MSSA, MRSA and
E.
coli O157:H7) to sterile microtiter plate wells containing 10 μL
L.
enzymogenes CFS (proteolytic activity 0.145 unit/mL) and 180 μL broth.
For the evaluation of antibiotics’ antibacterial activity, the MIC, 0.5 MIC, 0.25 MIC and 0.125 MIC concentrations for each antibiotic (cefixime, levofloxacin and gentamicin) were prepared. The test was carried out by placing 180 μL BHI for
S.
aureus and NB for
E.
coli O157:H7 and 10 μL of the prepared antibiotic dilution in each well, then 10 μL aliquot of the pathogen (10
6 CFU/ml) was added.
For the combination study, 10 μL of the bacterial suspension (10
6 CFU/ml) was added to wells containing 170 μL broth, 10 μL of
L.
enzymogenes CFS and 10 μL of each prepared antibiotic concentration (MIC, 0.5 MIC, 0.25 MIC and 0.125 MIC).
As a full growth control run, a 10 μL aliquot of the pathogenic cell suspension was inoculated at 10
6 CFU/mL into 190 μL of the corresponding sterile broth. Also, a test blank was run with each experiment where the 10 μL of the pathogen was replaced by the proper sterile broth.
In the above-mentioned experiments, the microtiter plate was incubated at 37°C for 24 h and the optical density (OD) was measured at 600 nm using a microplate reader (Epoch-Biotec, California, USA). Results were calculated as the average mean of three readings.
In this study, antibacterial activity was expressed as percentage inhibition of bacterial growth following 24 h incubation at 37 °C and calculated using the following equation:
Where:
Suaifan G.A., Abdel Rahman D.M., Abu-Odeh A.M., Abu Jbara F., Shehadeh M.B, & Darwish R.M. (2023). Antibiotic—Lysobacter enzymogenes proteases combination as a novel virulence attenuating therapy. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282705.