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Lactococcus lactis

Lactococcus lactis is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, catalase-neagative, homofermentative bacterium commonly found in dairy products and the human gastrointestinal tract.
It is an important starter culture in the production of cheeses and other fermented milk products.
L. lactis is also used as a model organism for studying lactic acid bacteria and has potential applications in biotechnology and probiotics.

Most cited protocols related to «Lactococcus lactis»

1
Multilocus Sequence Analysis of Viridans Streptococci
Suitable loci for the discrimination of species clusters must be present in all strains of the species under study, and should be sufficiently conserved that a fragment of each locus can readily be amplified from each species using a single set of primers, but sufficiently diverse that they are useful in resolving species clusters. Two of the loci used in the new MLSA scheme (rpoB and sodA) were included in the study of Hoshino et al [16 (link)]. To select additional house-keeping loci, we used the multi-genome homology comparison tool available through the Comprehensive Microbial Resource (CMR; ) to search for proteins present in all available streptococcal genomes that had at least 80% amino acid sequence identity. This retrieved 138 proteins and, from those that had house-keeping functions, the corresponding genes were selected at random and examined for their suitability as candidate MLSA loci. An alignment was produced of the sequences of each candidate locus from S. agalactiae NEM3 (GenBank:AL732656), S. mitis NCTC 12261 (available at J Craig Venter Institute website; ), S. mutans UA159 (GenBank:AE014133), S. pneumoniae TIGR4 (GenBank:AE005672), S. pyogenes MGAS10394 (GenBank:CP000003), S. thermophilus LMD-9 (GenBank:CP000421) and Lactococcus lactis II1403 (GenBank:AE005176). Degenerate primers were designed for each selected locus, based on stretches of six amino acids that were conserved in all these species, which would allow an internal gene fragment greater than about 350 bp to be fully sequenced on both strands, and in which no indels were found in any of these genomes.
The pairs of PCR primers were each checked for their ability to amplify the correct gene fragment from a diverse subset of the collection of viridans group streptococci. Those primers that failed to amplify the correct fragment from all of the subset of strains were replaced with primers for amplifying a fragment of another of the conserved house-keeping genes, until a set of eight genes and PCR primers were obtained that allowed amplification of an internal gene fragment of each gene from the subset of strains. On characterizing the full strain set it was found that the primers for guaA (and two alternative pairs of primers) failed to amplify the fragment from a small number of strains and this gene was dropped from the final MLSA scheme. The genes, gene products, primer sequences, length of the sequences used in the MLSA scheme, and the annealing temperatures for amplification are shown in Table 1.
The gene fragments were amplified by PCR (30 cycles) using, for each gene fragment, a single annealing temperature for all strains (Table 1), and were sequenced on both strands, using the primers for the initial amplification, with an ABI 3700 or ABI 3730xl DNA analyzer. The sequences were aligned and trimmed to defined start and end positions using MEGA version 4 [47 (link)]. The trimmed sequences of the seven gene fragments from strains of each species can be found at . The sequences of the seven gene fragments from each strain were joined in-frame, in the order map-pfl-ppaC-pyk-rpoB-sodA-tuf, to generate a single 3063 bp concatenated sequence. Unrooted individual gene trees, and trees obtained using the concatenated sequences, were generated by neighbour-joining or minimum evolution from the proportions of sequence differences between all strains using MEGA version 4 [47 (link)]. The robustness of the nodes was evaluated by bootstrapping (1000 replicates). All of the sequences (including the concatenated sequences and the sequences of each locus) from the 417 strains can be downloaded from .
Bishop C.J., Aanensen D.M., Jordan G.E., Kilian M., Hanage W.P, & Spratt B.G. (2009). Assigning strains to bacterial species via the internet. BMC Biology, 7, 3.
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Publication 2009
Actin-Accumulation Myopathy Amino Acids Amino Acid Sequence Biological Evolution Discrimination, Psychology Gene Amplification Genes Genes, Housekeeping Genes, vif Genome INDEL Mutation Lactococcus lactis Oligonucleotide Primers Progressive pseudorheumatoid dysplasia Proteins Reading Frames Strains Streptococcus Streptococcus pneumoniae Streptococcus pyogenes Streptococcus viridans Trees
2
Detailed GAS Strains and Growth Protocols
GAS strain 5448 is an isolate from a patient with NF and TSS genetically representative of the globally disseminated M1T1 clone that is the leading cause of invasive GAS infections [21 (link)]. The serotype M49 strain NZ131 is a skin isolate from a patient with glomerulonephritis [22 (link)]. A panel of 56 GAS isolates of various emm genotypes and clinical associations was provided from the collections of the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC). GAS were grown in Todd-Hewitt broth (THB) or on Todd-Hewitt agar plates; for antibiotic selection, 2 µg of erythromycin (Em) or 1 µg of chloramphenicol (Cm) per ml was added to the media. Escherichia coli strains were grown in Luria-Bertani (LB) broth or on LB agar plates; antibiotic selection utilized 100 µg of ampicillin per ml, 500 µg of Em per ml, or 5 µg of Cm per ml. Lactococcus lactis NZ9000 was grown in M17 broth (Difco) supplemented with 1% glucose (GM17) or on GM17 agar plates with selection by Em at 5 µg/ml. GAS strains were rendered transformable by electroporation through growth in THB plus 0.3% glycine as described for Streptococcus agalactiae [23 (link)]. For use in neutrophil or MC experiments, bacteria were grown to the logarithmic phase in THB (OD600 = 0.4), centrifuged at 4,000 rpm for 10 min, washed with PBS and resuspended in cell culture media at the desired concentration.
Lauth X., von Köckritz-Blickwede M., McNamara C.W., Myskowski S., Zinkernagel A.S., Beall B., Ghosh P., Gallo R.L, & Nizet V. (2009). M1 Protein Allows Group A Streptococcal Survival in Phagocyte Extracellular Traps through Cathelicidin Inhibition. Journal of Innate Immunity, 1(3), 202-214.
Publication 2009
Agar Ampicillin Antibiotics Bacteria Cell Culture Techniques Cells Chloramphenicol Clone Cells Culture Media Electroporation Therapy Erythromycin Escherichia coli Genotype Glomerulonephritis Glucose Glycine Infection Lactococcus lactis Neutrophil Patients Skin Strains Streptococcus agalactiae
3
Automated Metabolic Network Reconstruction using Orthology
We used three manually curated metabolic networks, that of Escherichia coli K12 [22 (link)], Lactobacillus plantarum WCFS1 [B. Teusink et al., manuscript in preparation, see also [17]] and Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis str. 168 [33 ], as a source to predict automatically a metabolic network for Lactococcus lactis IL1403. The developed method is called AUTOGRAPH (AUtomatic Transfer by Orthology of Gene Reaction Associations for Pathway Heuristics, see Figure 1) and is outlined in detail below. The curated networks were initially constructed with Genomatica's Simpheny™ software for constraint-based modeling purposes, and were retrieved as flat-files containing gene-protein-reaction associations [42 ].
A reference metabolic network of L. lactis IL1403 has been used to evaluate our method (discussed below). This network was also constructed for constraint-based modeling purposes and was retrieved from the authors as a flat-file, containing gene-reaction associations. Throughout the article we will refer to this published reference network as the Oliveira network [31 (link)].
To compare the automatic reconstruction of L. lactis IL1403 metabolic network by Pathologic with that of our method, we used the Genbank NCBI annotation file of L. lactis IL1403 as input for the Pathologic software [27 (link),43 ]. In addition, the same Genbank file together with two manually curated networks from the BioCyc collection (i.e. EcoCyc [16 (link)] and LacplantCyc [17 (link)]) were used as inputs for our method (discussed below).
Notebaart R.A., van Enckevort F.H., Francke C., Siezen R.J, & Teusink B. (2006). Accelerating the reconstruction of genome-scale metabolic networks. BMC Bioinformatics, 7, 296.
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Publication 2006
Bacillus subtilis subsp. subtilis Escherichia coli K12 Gene Products, Protein Genes Gene Transfer, Horizontal Lactobacillus plantarum Lactococcus lactis Metabolic Networks Milk, Cow's Reconstructive Surgical Procedures
4
Growth Profiling and Metabolite Analysis of Lactococcus lactis Strains

Lactococcus lactis 9 k, L. lactis 9 k-1, L. lactis 9 k-2, L. lactis 9 k-3, and L. lactis 9 k-4 were cultured to OD600 of 0.8 in the M17G medium and diluted to an optical density of OD600 of 0.2. Afterward, 20 μl cultures were incubated into 200 μl M17G and SA media in a 96-well plate. The corresponding bacteria were also incubated into the 100 ml of media in shake flasks. The growth profiles were monitored by measuring OD600 for 16 h at 30 °C by using a Bioscreen machine (Lab-systems, Helsinki, Finland) [23 (link)]. Ten milliliter suspension from shake flask was centrifuged when the cells were cultured for 6, 10, and 14 h, and the CDW was calculated using the previously described method [11 (link)]. The residual glucose in different strains was detected using commercial kits following the manufacturers’ instructions (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA). The ATP concentration was determined through bioluminescence assay with recombinant firefly luciferase and its substrate d-luciferin by using the Molecular Probes’ ATP Determination Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, USA). One milliliter cultures of different strains were centrifuged at 6000×g for 5 min before the measurement of ATP concentration. Subsequently, 2 ml of 0.015 g/ml trichloroacetic acid (TCA) was added to the cells and vortexed for 3 min to extract ATP from cells. Afterward, 1 ml of supernatant from vortex was collected and diluted to the concentration of TCA lower than 0.001 g/ml with Tris–acetate buffer (PH 7.8). The extrication of ATP can be used for ATP concentration detection [42 (link), 43 (link)]. Each sample was analyzed in triplicate.
Zhu D., Fu Y., Liu F., Xu H., Saris P.E, & Qiao M. (2017). Enhanced heterologous protein productivity by genome reduction in Lactococcus lactis NZ9000. Microbial Cell Factories, 16, 1.
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Publication 2017
Acetate Bacteria Bioluminescent Measurements Cells Cultural Evolution Glucose Lactococcus lactis Luciferases, Firefly Luciferins Molecular Probes SA 96 Strains Tremor Trichloroacetic Acid Tromethamine
5
Genome-Scale Metabolic Modeling of L. reuteri Strains
The in silico reconstruction of the genome-scale metabolic networks of two human-derived L. reuteri strains was performed by implementing the AUTOGRAPH method [73] (link). This semi-automatic method combines orthology predictions with available curated metabolic networks to infer gene-reaction associations. Using this same methodology, a metabolic model was recently constructed for the type strain L. reuteri JCM1112 [56] , based on the networks of L. plantarum[74] (link), Lactococcus lactis[75] (link), Bacillus subtilis[76] (link), and E. coli[77] (link). Due to the obvious close proximity between all human-derived L. reuteri strains relative to members of different taxa, the manually curated metabolic network of JCM1112 was used as a template for the development of the genome-scale models for L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 and ATCC 55730. Pair-wise orthologous relationships between the query species and JCM1112 were established by comparing their genome sequences (retrieved in May 2009 from GenBank), resorting to the stand-alone version of Inparanoid (version 3.0) using BLOSUM80 as the substitution matrix [78] (link). The original gene-reaction association of the genes considered to be orthologous between the two strains was then transferred to the corresponding genes of the query species.
The fully automated version of the model was further curated by manual inspection of the list of gene-reaction associations, incorporating experimental evidence regarding carbohydrate utilization. With this purpose, the growth of L. reuteri 55730 and 6475 on different carbohydrates was measured for 24 h in LDMIII at 600 nm (OD600 nm) using commercially available sugars and well established prebiotics as previously described [79] (link). Simple carbohydrates tested consist of glucose, sucrose, lactose, raffinose, fructose, arabinose, maltose, mannose, arabinogalactan, starch and 1,2 propanediol (Sigma, St Louis, MO). Growth on following prebiotics as the sole carbon source were also tested: fructooligosaccharides (FOS, Beneo™ P95, Orafti, Belgium, 5% glucose, fructose and sucrose, degree of polymerization [DP] = 2–10), short-chain fructooligosaccharides (ScFOS, Actilight 950P, Beighin-Meiji, France, 5% glucose, fructose and sucrose, DP = 2–5), high-molecular weight inulin (Beneo™ HP, Orafti, 100% inulin, average DP = 23), galactooligosaccharides (Vivinal GOS, Friesland Food, partially dried by evaporation to form a syrup containing approximately 45% galactooligosaccharides, DP = 3–8, 15% lactose, 14% glucose, and 1% galactose).
The comparison of the newly obtained genome-scale metabolic models for L. reuteri ATCC PTA 6475 and ATCC 55730, along with the visualization of experimental data was carried out within the SimPheny™ software platform (Genomatica, Inc., San Diego, CA).
Saulnier D.M., Santos F., Roos S., Mistretta T.A., Spinler J.K., Molenaar D., Teusink B, & Versalovic J. (2011). Exploring Metabolic Pathway Reconstruction and Genome-Wide Expression Profiling in Lactobacillus reuteri to Define Functional Probiotic Features. PLoS ONE, 6(4), e18783.
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Publication 2011
1,3-propanediol Arabinose Bacillus subtilis Carbohydrates Carbon Food fructooligosaccharide Fructose galactoarabinan Galactose Genes Genome Genome, Human Glucose Homo sapiens Inulin Lactobacillus reuteri Lactococcus lactis Lactose Maltose Mannose Metabolic Networks Monosaccharides Polymerization Prebiotics Raffinose Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Starch Strains Sucrose Sugars

Most recents protocols related to «Lactococcus lactis»

1
Effect of Antibiotics and Nisin on Broiler Chick Growth
Not available on PMC !

Example 5

Three conditions were prepared, a AGP-containing feed (PC) obtained by adding antibiotics (lasalocid 0.05% by mass and avilamycin 0.01% by mass) to a standard feed, a PRB-supplemented feed (nisin (Lc)) supplemented with 2% of nisin A culture solution obtained by culturing Lactococcus lactis NCIMB 8780 in the same manner as in Example 4-1, and a AGP-free feed (standard feed only) (NC), and were administered to newborn chicks. Note that, for one condition, ten Cobb Broiler male newborn chicks were used, and the experiment was repeated three times to evaluate the body weight gain effect and feed conversion ratio of chickens. For the drug-free group (NC), a standard feed (ME 3160 kcal and CP 22% by mass without antibiotics used) was used. For the PC and nisin addition group, 2% by mass of the antibiotics (lasalocid and avilamycin) or nisin Z-containing liquid was added to the standard feed (ME 3160 kcal and CP 22% by mass), respectively.

TABLE 13
BWGFCR
Category1 w2 w1 W2 W
NC106.2 ± 3.0330.3 ± 7.8 1.19 ± 11.34 ± 0.02
PC*110.4 ± 4.7379.9 ± 10.01.08 ± 01.23 ± 0.02
Nisin (Lc)**111.1 ± 5.4352.4 ± 27.91.23 ± 21.35 ± 0.03
*Antibiotics: lasalocid 0.05% and avilamycin 0.01% added.
**For nisin, 2% Lactococcus lactis culture solution was added.

US11857596B2. Animal feed additive and animal feed (2024-01-02). AJINOMOTO CO., INC. [JP]. Inventors: Akinori Uehara [JP], Kazuki Nakagawa [JP], Mayumi Maekawa [JP].
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Patent 2024
Antibiotics, Antitubercular avilamycin Chickens Growth Disorders Infant, Newborn Lactococcus lactis Lasalocid Males nisin A nisin Z Pharmaceutical Preparations
2
Probiotic Molecules Inhibit HAV Infection
Not available on PMC !

Example 11

The effects of probiotic molecule-containing CFSM on cells that are infected with HAV was studied. Control cells are shown in FIG. 19A. CFSM from Lactobacillus lactis La-5 (FIG. 19B), L. reuteri (FIG. 19C), and Lactococcus lactis (FIG. 19D) were applied to a monolayer of cells infected with HAV and a decrease in the infection of HAV was observed. The arrows in these figures point at the infected cells and the rest of the cells comprise the uninfected monolayer.

US11857581B2. Antiviral methods and compositions comprising probiotic bacterial molecules (2024-01-02). MicroSintesis Inc. [CA]. Inventors: Mansel Griffiths [CA].
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Patent 2024
Infection Lactobacillus delbrueckii subsp. lactis Lactobacillus reuteri Lactococcus lactis Probiotics
3
Antiviral Properties of Probiotic Compounds
Not available on PMC !

Example 10

CFSM was initially applied to virus-free cell cultures to determine the concentration of CFSM that could be used on FRhK cells without itself causing any detrimental effects on the cells. In FIGS. 17A and 17B, it can be seen that 2% CFSM is a desirable amount to use and this amount was used for subsequent experiments.

Next, viral particles in infected RAW 264.7 cells and media in the presence of probiotic CFSM were quantified. Mouse macrophage RAW 264.7 cells were infected with MNV-1 at 1×106 cells with 3.5×106 PFU. After RNA extraction from cells and media (supernatant), quantification of MNV-1 particles was done by a 2-step real-time PCR. The analysis showed a statistical difference (t-test, p<0.05) between the amounts of viral particles present in the media (FIG. 18, panel B) compared to untreated infected cells. For the number of viral particles inside the cells, only Lactococcus lactis and Lactobacillus reuteri (FIG. 18, panel A), showed a statistical difference compared to infected cells, however, Lactobacillus acidophilus La-5 showed a trend towards statistical significance. These results show that the propagation of MNV-1 might be negatively affected by the presence of bioactive compounds produced by probiotic strains.

US11857581B2. Antiviral methods and compositions comprising probiotic bacterial molecules (2024-01-02). MicroSintesis Inc. [CA]. Inventors: Mansel Griffiths [CA].
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Patent 2024
Cells Lactobacillus acidophilus Lactobacillus reuteri Lactococcus lactis Macrophage Mus Norovirus Infection Probiotics RAW 264.7 Cells Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Strains Virion Virus Vision
4
Engineering Yeast for Metabolic Pathways
L-lactate dehydrogenase (LlLDH) was from Lactococcus lactis NZ9000. Acetolactate synthase (cytoILV2) was native S. cerevisiae gene but was truncated (2–90 aa) [8 (link)] to relocate it to the cytoplasm. Both LlLDH and cytoILV2 were inserted into plasmid pSP-GM2 between the restriction sites BamHI and NheI to construct plasmids used for production of lactate and 2,3-BD, respectively. Malonyl-CoA reductase (CaMCR), α-farnesene synthase (MdFS) and tyrosine ammonia lyase (FjTAL), from Chloroflexus aurantiacus [46 (link)], Malus domestica [61 (link)] and Flavobacterium johnsoniae [62 (link)], respectively, were codon optimized and placed under the control of TEF1 promoter, with their expression cassettes subsequently integrated into chromosomal site XII-2 to construct strains producing 3-HP, farnesene and p-coumaric acid. Similarly, geranylgeranyl pyrophosphate synthase (PaCrtE), phytoene synthase (PaCrtB) and phytoene desaturase (PaCrtI), all from Pantoea ananatis, were codon optimized, with their expression placed under the control of the promoters CDC19, CCW12 and TDH3, respectively. As before, the expression cassettes were then integrated into chromosomal site XII-2 to construct lycopene-producing strains. FFAs-producing strains were constructed by deleting FAA1, FAA4, POX1 and PAH1.
Expression formats were chosen according to previous study. As reported, 2,3-BD [16 (link), 63 (link)–65 (link)] and lactate [20 (link), 66 (link)–68 (link)] were widely produced by expressing genes in plasmids; meanwhile, p-coumaric acid [21 (link), 29 (link), 69 (link)–71 (link)], lycopene [44 (link), 45 (link), 72 (link), 73 (link)], farnesene [3 (link), 43 (link), 74 (link)] and 3-HP [75 (link)] were widely produced by integrating genes into genome. Using the same expression format as reported will be of referential significance for demonstrating the biosynthetic capacity of chassis cell.
All the plasmids and expression cassettes were transformed into yeast by LiAC/ssDNA method [76 (link)]. Expression cassettes were integrated by CRISPR/Cas9 system. All strains used in this study are listed in Table 1. All primers, gRNA and deleting donors used in this study were summarized in Additional file 1: Tables S1 and S2.
Yao Z., Guo Y., Wang H., Chen Y., Wang Q., Nielsen J, & Dai Z. (2023). A highly efficient transcriptome-based biosynthesis of non-ethanol chemicals in Crabtree negative Saccharomyces cerevisiae. Biotechnology for Biofuels and Bioproducts, 16, 37.
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Publication 2023
Acetolactate Synthase Anabolism Aortic Aneurysm, Familial Thoracic 1 Aortic aneurysm, familial thoracic 4 Chloroflexus aurantiacus Chromosomes Clustered Regularly Interspaced Short Palindromic Repeats Codon Cytoplasm DNA, Single-Stranded Donors Farnesenes Flavobacterium johnsoniae Genes Genome Geranylgeranyltransferase, Geranylgeranyl-Diphosphate L-tyrosine ammonia-lyase Lactate Dehydrogenase Lactates Lactococcus lactis Lycopene malonyl-Coa reductase Malus domestica MCM2 protein, human milk-derived factor Nitric Oxide Synthase Nonesterified Fatty Acids Oligonucleotide Primers Pantoea ananatis phytoene, (15-cis)-isomer phytoene dehydrogenase Plasmids Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis 3 trans-3-(4'-hydroxyphenyl)-2-propenoic acid
5
Bacterial Detection in Milk Samples
The complete method (DED–MIRA–LFD) consisted of a DED for extraction and MIRA–LFD for amplification and detection. To determine the specificity and sensitivity of DED–MIRA–LFD with the selected primer, 10 μl of the bacterial solution was added to 90 μl of sterile milk as artificially spiked milk. Specificity was conducted with 12 species of bacteria-spiked milk including S. agalactiae; the negative control included a sterile milk sample instead of a spiked milk sample. Sensitivity was validated using a 10-fold serially diluted bacterial solution of spiked milk ranging from 101 to 107 CFU/ml.
Zhu L., Gong F., Liu X., Sun X., Yu Y., Shu J, & Pan Z. (2023). Integrating filter paper extraction, isothermal amplification, and lateral flow dipstick methods to detect Streptococcus agalactiae in milk within 15 min. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1100246.
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Publication 2023
Bacteria Hypersensitivity Lactococcus lactis Milk, Cow's Oligonucleotide Primers Sterility, Reproductive

Top products related to «Lactococcus lactis»

1
M17 broth by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, Italy, Denmark, United States, Spain
M17 broth is a microbiological culture medium used for the growth and propagation of lactic acid bacteria. It provides the necessary nutrients and growth factors to support the cultivation of these organisms in a laboratory setting.
2
Nisin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Brazil
Nisin is a type of antimicrobial peptide produced by certain strains of Lactococcus lactis bacteria. It functions as a natural preservative and has been used in the food industry to inhibit the growth of Gram-positive bacteria, including Listeria and Clostridium.
3
M17 medium by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
M17 medium is a microbiological culture medium used for the isolation and cultivation of streptococcus species. It provides the necessary nutrients and growth factors to support the growth of these bacteria.
4
Mrs broth by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, Italy, United States, Australia, Spain, Canada, Sweden, Belgium, Norway, Germany
MRS broth is a microbiological medium used for the selective isolation and cultivation of lactobacilli. It provides the necessary nutrients and growth factors for the optimal growth of lactobacilli species. The composition of the broth includes various peptones, yeast extract, glucose, and specific salts.
5
Chloramphenicol by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, China, Australia, Israel, Switzerland, Spain, India, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, Canada, Belgium, Czechia, Mexico, Poland, Ireland
Chloramphenicol is a bacteriostatic antibiotic that inhibits protein synthesis in bacteria. It is commonly used in microbiology laboratories for selective cultivation and identification of bacterial species.
6
M17 medium by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United Kingdom, Italy, Germany
M17 medium is a microbiological culture medium used for the growth and isolation of lactic acid bacteria. It provides nutrients and growth factors required for the cultivation of Streptococcus and other lactic acid-producing microorganisms.
7
M17 broth by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States
M17 broth is a general-purpose microbiological growth medium used for the cultivation of lactic acid bacteria, particularly streptococci. It provides essential nutrients, vitamins, and growth factors required for the optimal growth of these bacterial species.
8
Erythromycin by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, France, United Kingdom, Italy, Sao Tome and Principe, Australia, China, Switzerland, Spain, Japan, Belgium, Macao
Erythromycin is a macrolide antibiotic produced by the bacterium Saccharopolyspora erythraea. It functions as a protein synthesis inhibitor by binding to the 50S subunit of the bacterial ribosome, preventing the translocation of the peptidyl-tRNA from the A-site to the P-site during translation.
9
M17 broth by BD
Sourced in United States
M17 broth is a microbiological culture medium used for the growth and cultivation of streptococcus bacteria. It provides the necessary nutrients and growth factors required for the proliferation of these bacterial species.
10
Agencourt ampure xp by Beckman Coulter
Sourced in United States, Canada, Germany, China, Japan
Agencourt AMPure XP is a magnetic bead-based purification system used for the purification of DNA, RNA, and other biomolecules. The product utilizes paramagnetic beads to selectively bind and capture target molecules, allowing for efficient removal of unwanted contaminants and salts.

More about "Lactococcus lactis"

Lactococcus lactis, also known as L. lactis, is a Gram-positive, non-spore-forming, catalase-negative, homofermentative bacterium that is commonly found in dairy products and the human gastrointestinal tract.
As an important starter culture, L. lactis is widely used in the production of cheeses and other fermented milk products, such as yogurt and kefir.
This lactic acid bacterium is also a model organism for studying the biology and biotechnological applications of lactic acid bacteria (LAB).
Researchers often utilize L. lactis in their studies due to its well-characterized genome, genetic tractability, and potential for various applications.
Some key subtopics and related terms associated with L. lactis include: - M17 broth and M17 medium: culture media commonly used for the growth and propagation of L. lactis. - Nisin: an antimicrobial peptide produced by certain strains of L. lactis, which has applications in food preservation and medicine. - MRS broth: another widely used culture medium for LAB, including L. lactis. - Chloramphenicol and Erythromycin: antibiotics that can be used for the selection and maintenance of L. lactis strains carrying plasmids or antibiotic resistance markers. - Agencourt AMPure XP: a magnetic bead-based system used for the purification of DNA or RNA from L. lactis samples, which is important for various molecular biology techniques.
Whether you're studying the fundamental biology of L. lactis, its role in dairy fermentations, or its potential biotechnological applications, the insights and tools provided by PubCompare.ai can help optimize your research and uncover the most accurate and reproducible methods in the scientific literature.