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Hawks

Hawks are a group of medium-sized birds of prey that belong to the family Accipitridae.
These raptors are known for their impressive hunting skills, keen eyesight, and agile flight.
They are found on every continent except Antarctica and play a vital role in the ecosystem as top predators.
Hawks are characterized by their hooked beak, strong talons, and compact, muscular bodies, which enable them to catch and consume a variety of small to medium-sized prey, including rodents, birds, and insects.
Their powerful wings allow them to soar effortlessly and quickly dive on their targets.
Hawks are also known for their impressive aerial displays and territorial behavior.
Reserchers studying hawks can enhace the accurcay of their work by utilizing the AI-driven platform PubCompare.ai, which helps optimize research protocols, identify effective products and protocols, and take their hawk studies to new heights.

Most cited protocols related to «Hawks»

1
Constructing a High-Density Genetic Map for Common Bean
We obtained 19,619 Mb of 121-bp paired-end Illumina Genome Analyzer IIx short reads from a diverse set of genotypes for common bean. Reads were aligned to the genome reference sequences for common bean with 14× coverage, and SNPs were called using CASAVA1.7 software (Illumina, 2010) with the default settings. After filtering out A/T or G/C SNPs, SNPs with Ns in the 60 nt of flanking sequence and SNPs residing within 25 nt of another SNP, a total of 992,682 SNPs remained. Using these SNPs, an Illumina Infinium BeadChip (BARCBEAN6K_1 with 5,232 SNPs) was designed. The SNPs for BARCBEAN6K_1 were selected to optimize polymorphism among the various common bean market classes, and, when possible, SNPs were targeted to sequence scaffolds (>10 kb) in an early P. vulgaris assembly. A mapping population of 267 F2 progeny from a cross of the common bean cultivars Stampede and Red Hawk developed at North Dakota State University was genotyped with the BARCBEAN6K_1 BeadChip. An additional BeadChip (BARCBEAN6K_2 with 5,514 SNPs) was designed using the same steps as with the P. vulgaris v0.9 assembly, with markers selected to anchor and orient additional scaffold sequences and used to type the same population. Both BeadChips and 261 SSR markers were also used to genotype 88 F5-derived RILs from the cross of the Stampede and Red Hawk cultivars. SSRs were selected from sequence scaffolds in the P. vulgaris 8× assembly, PCR markers were designed and fragment length polymorphisms were assessed as described in Song et al.46 . Linkage maps were constructed using JoinMap 4.0 (ref. 47 ) software on the basis of the 6,531 polymorphic SNPs from these 2 BeadChips and 484 SNP loci that were genotyped with the Illumina GoldenGate assay at the US Department of Agriculture–Agricultural Research Service in Beltsville, Maryland48 (link), as well as 261 SSR markers and 25 framework markers. The final map contained 7,276 SSR and SNP markers arranged in 11 linkage groups via framework markers.
Schmutz J., McClean P.E., Mamidi S., Wu G.A., Cannon S.B., Grimwood J., Jenkins J., Shu S., Song Q., Chavarro C., Torres-Torres M., Geffroy V., Moghaddam S.M., Gao D., Abernathy B., Barry K., Blair M., Brick M.A., Chovatia M., Gepts P., Goodstein D.M., Gonzales M., Hellsten U., Hyten D.L., Jia G., Kelly J.D., Kudrna D., Lee R., Richard M.M., Miklas P.N., Osorno J.M., Rodrigues J., Thareau V., Urrea C.A., Wang M., Yu Y., Zhang M., Wing R.A., Cregan P.B., Rokhsar D.S, & Jackson S.A. (2014). A reference genome for common bean and genome-wide analysis of dual domestications. Nature Genetics, 46(7), 707-713.
Publication 2014
Asian Persons Biological Assay Chromosome Mapping Genetic Polymorphism Genome Hawks Neutrophil
2
Comprehensive Assessment of Negative Symptoms

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Publication 2012
6-bromo-2-naphthyl sulfate Anhedonia Cognition Gold Hawks Interviewers Physical Examination Social Anhedonia Supervision Syndrome
3
Molecular Identification of Mosquito Blood Meal Sources
Isolated DNA from the mosquito blood meals served as DNA templates in subsequent PCRs as previously described (8 (link),9 (link)). PCR primers were based either on a multiple alignment of cytochrome b sequences of avian and mammalian species obtained from GenBank or previously published primer sequences cited in Table 2. All DNA templates were initially screened with avian-a and mammalian-a primer pairs, and the sequences were analyzed (Table 2). In some cases, other primer pairs (avian b, mammalian b and c) were additionally used to resolve ambiguous sequences. A Taq PCR Core Kit (Qiagen, Germantown, MD, USA) was used for all PCRs according to the manufacturer's recommendation. A 50-μL reaction volume was prepared with 3 μmL template DNA, 4 μL each primer (0.1–0.5 μmol/L), 5 μL 10× Qiagen PCR Buffer (containing 15 mmol/L MgCl2), 1 μL dNTP mix (10 mmol/L each), 0.25 μL Taq DNA polymerase (1.25 U/reaction) and 32.75 μL water. All PCRs were performed with the GeneAmp PCR System 9700 (Applied Biosystems, Foster City, CA, USA) at the ramp speed of 3°C–5°C/s. PCR-amplified products were purified by using QIAquick PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen) and sequenced directly in cycle-sequencing reactions at the Keck Sequencing Facility (Yale University, New Haven, CT, USA) by using the sequencer 3730xl DNA Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Sequences were annotated by using ChromasPro version 1.22 (Technelysium Pty Ltd., Tewantin, Queensland, Australia) and identified by comparison to the GenBank DNA sequence database (13 ).
The performance of the molecular based assay was validated by isolating DNA from the blood of a number of known vertebrate species and subjecting it to PCR amplification and DNA sequencing. These species included American robin, American crow, black-capped chickadee, blue jay, button quail, common grackle, eastern tufted titmouse, gray catbird, house sparrow, mourning dove, northern cardinal, sharp-shinned hawk, wood thrush, domestic cat, domestic cow, domestic dog, horse, sheep, white-footed mouse, and white-tailed deer. Similar validation was also conducted with DNA isolated from blood-engorged, laboratory-reared Aedes aegypti that fed on guinea pig and button quail. Seasonal changes in the host feeding patterns of Cx. pipiens on selected host species were analyzed by χ2 analysis for trend by using GraphPad Instat version 3.0 for Windows (GraphPad Software, San Diego, CA, USA).
Molaei G., Andreadis T.G., Armstrong P.M., Anderson J.F, & Vossbrinck C.R. (2006). Host Feeding Patterns of Culex Mosquitoes and West Nile Virus Transmission, Northeastern United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 12(3), 468-474.
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Publication 2006
Aedes Aves Biological Assay BLOOD Bos taurus Buffers Canis familiaris Cavia porcellus Columbidae Crow Culicidae Cytochromes b Domestic Sheep Equus caballus Felis catus Hawks Host Specificity Magnesium Chloride Mammals Mice, White-Footed Odocoileus virginianus Oligonucleotide Primers Passeridae Quail Robins Taq Polymerase Thrushes Vertebrates
4
Developing an Improved Bean Genotyping Chip
To provide a tool for breeders and geneticists to identify genes or QTL associated with their traits of interest, 6000 SNPs were selected from the successful markers on the BARCBean6K_1 and BARCBean6K_2 BeadChips for inclusion in the BARCBean6K_3 BeadChip. Only SNPs that had a minor allele frequency (MAF) >0.05 and with missing or ambiguous allele calls <10% among 365 dry bean and 134 snap bean accessions (Table S1) from the Association Mapping Population of the BeanCAP (http://www.beancap.org/) were selected for inclusion in the BARCBean6K_3 BeadChip. In addition, SNPs that were polymorphic in more than one common bean market class, that were located on different scaffolds, or that were located in different bins of the linkage maps of the Stampede × Red Hawk population were preferentially selected when possible, so that the number of SNPs, especially in the heterochromatic regions which had very low recombination rates, was greatly reduced. This procedure of SNP selection, which was based on the genetic distance/physical distance ratio in the heterochromatic and euchromatic regions, was previously reported in soybean (Song et al. 2013 (link)).
Song Q., Jia G., Hyten D.L., Jenkins J., Hwang E.Y., Schroeder S.G., Osorno J.M., Schmutz J., Jackson S.A., McClean P.E, & Cregan P.B. (2015). SNP Assay Development for Linkage Map Construction, Anchoring Whole-Genome Sequence, and Other Genetic and Genomic Applications in Common Bean. G3: Genes|Genomes|Genetics, 5(11), 2285-2290.
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Publication 2015
Alleles Genes Hawks Microtubule-Associated Proteins Neutrophil Recombination, Genetic Reproduction Soybeans
5
Aerosol Sensor Performance Evaluation
The experimental set up for performance tests is shown in Figure 2-A. The test chamber consisted of a mixing zone (0.64 m × 0.64 m × 0.66 m) and a sampling zone (0.53 m × 0.64 m × 0.66 m), divided by a perforated plate positioned in the middle of the test chamber. The perforated plate contained 600 evenly spaced holes, each with a diameter of 0.6 cm. The perforated plate provided a homogenous airflow with no dead zones inside the sampling zone. The aerosol from the generation systems was diluted by clean air from two HEPA filters (0.25 m3/min) and mixed with a small fan in the mixing zone. The wind speed in the sampling zone was 0.01 m/s, resulting in a Reynold number of 400 (laminar flow). Three of each low-cost sensor (DC1700, Sharp DN, and Sharp GP) and one pDR-1500 operated with an inlet cyclone (cut-off diameter of 10 μm) were positioned in the sampling zone. The pDR-1500 was operated in active mode with a 37-mm glass microfiber filter (934-AH, Whatman, USA) at the outlet. The high-cost reference instruments were outside the test chamber, with direct sampling from the sampling zone.
Five polydispersed aerosols were generated using four different aerosol generation systems as depicted in Figure 2-B. Salt is a common environmental aerosol and a common test aerosol used to evaluate aerosol instruments. Arizona road dust is representative of a coarse mineral dust (Curtis et al. 2008 ) commonly found in environment and occupational settings and commonly used to calibrate direct-reading instruments. Diesel fumes are common in environmental and occupational settings, and welding fume is a critical occupational hazard. To achieve two aerosols of different size with the same refractive index, salt aerosols were generated using a Collison-type nebulizer (Airlife, company, USA) using two salt solutions (mass fractions of 0.9% and 5%) (Figure 2-B(I)). This aerosol was diluted with clean air and mixed in a chamber (0.1 m3) to achieve desired concentrations. We used a fluidized bed aerosol generator (3400A, TSI, USA) to aerosolize Arizona road dust (Fine Grade, Part No. 1543094., Powder Technology INC., Arden Hills, MN) with the concentration adjusted by controlling the feed rate of the dust entering the fluidized bed (Figure 2-B(II)). Diesel fumes were produced as exhaust from a diesel electric generator (DG6LE, Red Hawk Equipment, USA) with a valve used to waste fume and control concentrations (Figure 2-B(III). Welding fumes were generated with a welding system (0.03 inch Flux-Corded MIG Wire, Campbell Hausfeld, USA) operated inside a sandblast cabinet (Item 62454, Central Pneumatic, Byron Center, USA) [Figure 2-B(IV)]. To control concentrations, varying amounts of HEPA filtered air were used to push the fume from the cabinet to the sampling chamber.
The concentration of aerosols in the test chamber for each experiment fell into various ranges dependent on three factors: 1) measureable range of the DC1700 (0 – 231 particles/cm3); 2) maximum aerosol concentration of our experimental set up and equipment; and 3) concentration levels that range from 0 – 6500 μg/m3. Although concentrations were lower than OSHAs occupational exposure limit for particles not otherwise specified (15,000 μg/m3), these concentrations are relevant to the needs of practicing industrial hygienists, who often take action to control contaminants when concentrations reach one-tenth the limit. Steady-state concentrations of test aerosols were maintained at different levels. Aerosol size distribution varied by particle type, but was approximately the same for each concentration level of the same aerosol type, except for diesel fume (Figure S2 in online supplemental information). For each level, the number concentration by size was measured with the SMPS three times after reaching steady-state concentration. The APS was set to record particles number concentration by size every minute throughout the experiment. Prior to starting experiments, the air in the chamber was confirmed to be clean with the pDR-1500 (0 μg/m3) and the CPC-3007 (0 particles/cm3).
Sousan S., Koehler K., Thomas G., Park J.H., Hillman M., Halterman A, & Peters T.M. (2016). Inter-comparison of Low-cost Sensors for Measuring the Mass Concentration of Occupational Aerosols. Aerosol science and technology : the journal of the American Association for Aerosol Research, 50(5), 462-473.
Publication 2016
Cyclonic Storms Electricity Hawks Homozygote Hygienist, Dental Minerals Nebulizers Occupational Exposure Powder Sodium Chloride Wind

Most recents protocols related to «Hawks»

1
Harris Hawks Optimization Algorithm
In order to solve optimization difficulties, Heidari et al. proposed the usage of HHO, which was modelled after the foraging strategy of Harris hawks [106 ]. Hawks complete multiple stages of cooperative foraging via tracking, flanking, and attacking [107 ].
Exploration Phase: Harris hawks conduct the reconnaissance phase by keeping a close eye on large trees or telegraph poles in search of their prey. The search behaviour is regarded as the global discovery phase in the HHO method. (12) provides a mathematical expression for global exploration tactics. Xi(t+1)=Xrandt-r1×∣Xrandt-2×r2×xit∣q≥0.5(Xrabbit-Xmeant)-r3×(lb+r4×(ub-lb))q<0.5 The Transition from Exploration to Exploitation: The Harris hawk’s present position is indicated by Xit , the position vector in each iteration is indicated by Xit+1 , and the position vector of the prey is indicated by Xrabbit(t) . r1 , r2 , r3 , r4 , and q are random integers and take values between 0 and 1. The population’s upper and lower bounds are denoted by ub and lb, respectively. While X meant provides the average position values of the current population of hawks, Xrandt represents a randomly chosen hawk from that population. (13) is used in t iterations with N hawks to find the average location value. Xmeant=1n∑i=1nXit Exploitation Stage: When the Harris hawks locate their prey, they surround it in a circle. Hawks base their attack strategy on the way their prey behaves. Four potential strategies are suggested to represent the attack phase, each based on the prey’s tendency to flee and Harris hawks’ pursuit tactics. Strategies depend on the prey’s energy (E) for fleeing and the random number (r). To determine if the prey may escape the encirclement ring, apply the formula r(0, 1).
When r and E are greater and equal to 0.5, a soft siege approach is used. Hawks adopt a soft siege technique because their prey has enough energy to break free of the siege ring but no possibility of doing so. (14) represents the mathematical representation of it. The vector distance between the available prey and the population is represented by the value of Δxt . J stands for the length of the prey’s jump during the escape, and r5(0,1) is an equally distributed random value. Xit+1=Xrabbit-E∗∣ΔXit∣,ΔXit=Xrabbit-Xit,J=2∗(1-r5). Hard siege tactic occurs when r≥0.5 and E <0.5 . The prey’s energy is also insufficient because it cannot escape. Hawks hunt with a hard siege in that situation.
When r<0.5 and E ≥0.5 , a soft siege tactic with quick attacks is used. In this situation, the prey can escape the siege ring since it has the requisite energy. As a result, hawks will create a more intelligent and tactful siege ring to capture the prey. There are two steps in this method. The second step updates the hawks’ position if the first step does not get them closer to their prey. In the first step, the position equation (15) found in the soft siege strategy is used. (16) models the second step, which is the update mode. It is a s∈Rdim -dimensional random vector. (17) defines the Lévy function. In this instance, u is a random number between v(0, 1) and β is 1.5. Xit+1=Xrabbit-E∗∣ΔXit∣ z=ΔXit-E∗|J∗Xrabbit-Xit|+s∗Levy(dim) Levy(X)=0.01Xu-σ∣μ∣1β,σ=Γ(1+β)Xsin(πβ2)Γ(1+β)X2(β-12)1β When both E and r are less than 0.5, a hard siege tactic with swift attacks are used. Because it lacks the requisite energy, the prey in this situation cannot escape the siege ring. So, hawks catch their prey in a tough siege ring and then kill it. (18) represents its mathematical modelling. Xi(t+1)=yiff(y)<f(Xit)ziff(z)<f(Xit),y=Xrabbit-E∗∣J∗Xrabbit-Xmeant∣,z=y+s∗Levy(dim).
Ay Ş., Ekinci E, & Garip Z. (2023). A comparative analysis of meta-heuristic optimization algorithms for feature selection on ML-based classification of heart-related diseases. The Journal of Supercomputing, 79(11), 11797-11826.
Publication 2023
bis(tetraheptylammonium)tetraiodocyclopentane tellurate(IV) Cloning Vectors Hawks Trees
2
Vaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery (vNOTES) Procedure
The vNOTES surgical procedure is briefly described as follows:

After administration of general anesthesia and endotracheal intubation, patients were placed in the Trendelenburg position;

Each vNOTES operation started with conventional vaginal surgery by creating a 2 cm posterior colpotomy;

A small wound retractor (HTKD-Med, HK-120/100-60/70D, Beijing, China) was inserted and fixed from behind the colpotomy to the vaginal introitus to maximize and protect the incision area (Figure 1A). Then, a port was established in the vagina using two 3–5 mm and two 5–12 mm cannulas, as used in transumbilical single-port laparoscopy (Figure 1B);

Instruments used in all vNOTES procedures included a 30° endoscope (KARL STORZ GmbH & Co., KG., Tuttlingen Germany), conventional rigid laparoscopic instruments, and a 6.5 mm, 22° endoscope (HAWK GMBH, W5050, Hangzhou, China) (Figure 1C,D).

The surgical procedures are similar for LESS and traditional hysteroscopy and laparoscopy.
Zhang Y., Zhu Y., Sui M., Guan X, & Sun J. (2023). Diagnosing and Treating Infertility via Transvaginal Natural Orifice Transluminal Endoscopic Surgery versus Laparoendoscopic Single-Site Surgery: A Retrospective Study. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(4), 1576.
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Publication 2023
Anesthesia Cannula Colpotomy Endoscopes Hawks Hysteroscopy Intubation, Intratracheal Laparoscopy Muscle Rigidity Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Vagina Wounds
3
Ophthalmological Assessment in Glaucoma Model
At the beginning of the study, all animals (n = 24) underwent a complete ophthalmological examination. The neuroophthalmological examination consisted in the evaluation of the palpebral, corneal, pupillary (direct and indirect), and dazzle reflexes, as well as visual acuity through a maze test response. The assessment of the anterior segment was done with a portable Biomicroscope (Hawk Eye®, Dioptrix, Toulouse, France), and the posterior segment was assessed with a PanOptic® Ophthalmoscope (WelchAllyn, Hillrom, NY, USA). The IOP measurement was performed with a rebound tonometer (Tonolab®, Icare, Finland). These procedures were repeated immediately after glaucoma induction, and then after 1 h, 3 h, and 1, 2, 3, 5, and 7 days in all groups, and at 14 and 21 days in cases where applied.
Silva B., Gonçalves L.M., Braz B.S, & Delgado E. (2023). Topical Administration of a Nanoformulation of Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid-Epoetin Beta in a Rat Model of Glaucoma. Pharmaceuticals, 16(2), 164.
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Publication 2023
Animals Cornea Eyelids Glaucoma Hawks Maze Learning Ophthalmoscopes Pupil Reflex Slit Lamp Visual Acuity
4
Ophthalmic Surgical Protocol for Wistar Rats
Wistar Hannover male rats from Charles River Laboratories (Saint-Germain-Nuelles, France) (n = 24) were used, with an average weight of 329 ± 53 g. Ophthalmological equipment and surgical instruments were available at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (ULisboa): Slit Lamp (Hawk Eye®, Dioptrix, France), Indirect ophthalmoscope (PanOptic®, WelchAllyn, Hillrom, NY, USA), rebound tonometer (Tonolab®, Icare, Finland), Electroretinograph (RETIcom, Roland Consult, Stasche & Finger GmbH, Brandenburg, Germany), Surgical microscope (OPMI Lumera i®, Carl Zeiss Surgical GmbH, Germany), Phacoemulsification apparatus (Laureate® World Phaco System, Alcon Laboratories, Geneva, Switzerland), and Optical microscope (Olympus® CX 22 RFS1, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan). The epoetin beta used in the nanoformulation was NeoRecormon® 30,000 IU (RocheDiagnostics GmbH, Mannheim, Germany). Hyaluronic acid (eye grade quality; 300 kDa) from Shandong Topscience was a kind gift from Inquiaroma (Barcelona, Spain). Chitosan of low molecular weight (100 kDa, 92% deacetylation, osmolality 290 mOsm/Kg) was acquired from Sigma Aldrich (Irvin, UK). All used drugs were available at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (ULisboa), namely, meloxicam (Metacam® 5 mg/mL injectable and Meloxidyl® 0.5 mg/mL oral suspension), ketamine (Ketamidor® 100 mg/mL, Richter Pharma, Wels, Austria), medetomidine (Domtor® 1 mg/mL, Orion Corporation, Espoo, Finland), atipamezole (Antisedan® 5 mg/mL, Zoetis, NJ, USA), sodium pentobarbital (Euthasol® 400 mg/mL, Animalcare Group, North Yorkshire, UK), oxybuprocaine hydrochloride (Anestocil®, Edol, Lisbon, Portugal), and carbomer-based gel (Lubrithal®, Dechra, Northwich, UK). The 9-0 Vicryl® (Johnson & Johnson®, NJ, USA) suture was available at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (ULisboa). The slide stainer for hematoxylin and eosin (HE) staining was from Thermo Scientific Gemini™ AS (MA, USA). For immunofluorescence (IF), adhesion slides SuperFrost Plus™ and cover plates (Epredia™, ThermoFisher Scientific, Massachusetts, USA) were used. EPO monoclonal primary antibody 4F11 (MA5-15684) and goat anti-mouse IgG (H + L) secondary antibody DyLight 488 (35502) were from Invitrogen (ThermoFisher Scientific, MA, USA). The blocking reagent (sc-516214) and the aqueous mounting medium with DAPI (sc-2494) were from UltraCruz® (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, TX, USA). The immunofluorescence control used was HepG2 cell cultures (human derived liver hepatocellular carcinoma cell line; ATCC® HB-8065™). Cell culture media and supplements were from Gibco (ThermoFisher Scientific, MA, USA). Histology laboratory devices and reagents were available at the Faculty of Veterinary Medicine (ULisboa). Axioscop 40 fluorescence microscope with an Axiocam HRc camera (Carl Zeiss, Oberkochen, Germany) belonged to the Faculty of Pharmacy (ULisboa).
Silva B., Gonçalves L.M., Braz B.S, & Delgado E. (2023). Topical Administration of a Nanoformulation of Chitosan-Hyaluronic Acid-Epoetin Beta in a Rat Model of Glaucoma. Pharmaceuticals, 16(2), 164.
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Publication 2023
anti-IgG atipamezole benoxinate carbomer Cardiac Arrest Cell Culture Techniques Cell Lines Cells Chitosan Culture Media DAPI Dietary Supplements Electroretinography Eosin epoetin beta Faculty Faculty, Pharmacy Fingers Fluorescent Antibody Technique Goat Hawks Hematoxylin Hepatocellular Carcinomas Hep G2 Cells Homo sapiens Hyaluronic acid Immunoglobulins Ketamine Light Microscopy Liver Lubrithal Males Medetomidine Medical Devices Meloxicam Microscopy Microscopy, Fluorescence Monoclonal Antibodies Mus Operative Surgical Procedures Ophthalmoscopes Pentobarbital Sodium Phacoemulsification Pharmaceutical Preparations Rats, Wistar Recormon Rivers Slit Lamp Surgical Instruments Sutures Vicryl
5
Genome Annotation and Repeat Analysis Pipeline
Before gene annotation, the final assemblies were formatted (contigs were renamed and ordered in descending order of size) and masked for repeats with RepeatMasker [111 ] and the funnannotate v1.8.9 pipeline [112 ]. We performed gene annotation on the masked assemblies with BRAKER v2.1.6, which uses a combination of the ab initio gene predictors Augustus and GeneMark-ET [113 (link)]. We ran BRAKER twice, first using the BUSCO dataset of proteins sordariomycetes_odb10 [109 (link)] as evidence, and then using the RNAseq dataset as evidence. We optimized the training steps by concatenating the two homokaryotic genomes derived from the same heterokaryotic strain, CBS815.71, into a single fasta file and running BRAKER on the combined fasta file. For RNAseq mapping, we used STAR v2.7.10a [114 (link)] with the default settings. We combined the results of the two BRAKER runs with TSEBRA (the Transcript Selector for BRAKER; https://github.com/Gaius-Augustus/TSEBRA), with the option ‘intron_support’ set to 0.2. We selected only transcripts labeled as ‘t1’ by the TSEBRA pipeline for downstream analyses and when BUSCO-based and RNAseq-based predictions suggested different gene structures in a single genomic locus sharing at least one coding sequence feature, we kept the transcript model with the best BRAKER evidence score or the longest cumulative coding sequence length. In rare cases, genome annotation predicted alternative gene models for homologous loci without gene-disrupting substitutions. We visualized RNAseq read mapping with the Integrative Genome Viewer (IGV) software We ran InterProScan5 v5.54–87.0 [115 (link)], TMHMM v2.0c [116 (link)], SignalP v4.1 [117 (link)] and Phobius [118 (link)] and obtained predicted protein annotations from PFAM, InterPro, EggNog, UniProtKB, MEROPS, CAZyme and GO ontology. For repeat annotation, we performed a de novo identification of transposable elements in the final assemblies with RepeatModeler v1.0.11 [119 ]. We merged the consensus sequences obtained with the RepBase library available in RepeatMasker v4.0.9 [111 ] and the custom library “PodoTE-1.00” built for the Podospora anserina species complex by [120 (link)] and the Neurospora library of [121 (link)] “Gioti_neurospora_repeats.renamed” (both available from the GitHub repository https://github.com/johannessonlab/SpokBlockPaper, last accessed June 1, 2020). We used RepeatMasker v4.0.9 [111 ] to annotate repeats. We parsed the RepeatMasker outputs and removed low-complexity and simple repeats with the parseRM_merge_interrupted.pl script from https://github.com/4ureliek/Parsing-RepeatMasker-Outputs (last accessed February 25, 2021). We retained only TEs longer than 150 bp. Overlapping TEs annotated as belonging to the same family were merged into single elements for the final annotation. We used the TE annotation suggested by [122 (link)] to sort TEs by family. We looked for signatures of RIP with the RIPper platform http://theripper.hawk.rocks (default settings; [123 (link)]). The mating-type locus was identified by tBLASTn, with the mat+ and mat- idiomorphs of P. anserina as queries. The SMR1, SMR2, FMR1, FPR1 gene models were manually curated as previously described [124 ], in Artemis v18.0.2 [125 (link)]. The sequences of proteins containing a MATα_HMG domain were downloaded from the European Nucleotide Archive (ENA) database with accession numbers CDN29981 and ESA43845 for P. anserina and N. crassa, respectively. Proteins were aligned with Clustal Omega [126 (link)] and the alignments were color-coded with JALVIEW v2 [127 (link)].
Vittorelli N., Rodríguez de la Vega R.C., Snirc A., Levert E., Gautier V., Lalanne C., De Filippo E., Gladieux P., Guillou S., Zhang Y., Tejomurthula S., Grigoriev I.V., Debuchy R., Silar P., Giraud T, & Hartmann F.E. (2023). Stepwise recombination suppression around the mating-type locus in an ascomycete fungus with self-fertile spores. PLOS Genetics, 19(2), e1010347.
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Publication 2023
Amino Acid Sequence Consensus Sequence DNA Library DNA Transposable Elements Europeans FPR1 protein, human Gene Annotation Genes Genes, vif Genome Hawks Introns Neurospora Nucleotides Open Reading Frames Podospora anserina Protein Annotation Proteins Strains

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Hiseq x by Illumina
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The HiSeq X is a high-throughput DNA sequencing system manufactured by Illumina. It is designed to generate large volumes of DNA sequence data quickly and efficiently. The core function of the HiSeq X is to perform massively parallel DNA sequencing, allowing for the rapid analysis of genomic information.

More about "Hawks"

Raptors, birds of prey, Accipitridae, predators, hunting, aerial displays, rodents, birds, insects, talons, beak, wings, soaring, diving, ecosystem, research, optimization, PubCompare.ai, NovoRapid, 35-mm glass-bottomed microwell dish, Hexyl alcohol, ToF-SIMS V spectrometer, TruSeq Nano DNA Library Preparation Kit, Vicon Vantage 16, IMMULITE 1000 Immunoassay System, HiSeq 2500, HiSeq X.
Hawks are a group of medium-sized birds of prey that belong to the family Accipitridae.
These raptors are known for their impressive hunting skills, keen eyesight, and agile flight.
They are found on every continent except Antarctica and play a vital role in the ecosystem as top predators.
Hawks are characterized by their hooked beak, strong talons, and compact, muscular bodies, which enable them to catch and consume a variety of small to medium-sized prey, including rodents, birds, and insects.
Their powerful wings allow them to soar effortlessly and quickly dive on their targets.
Hawks are also known for their impressive aerial displays and territorial behavior.
Researchers studying hawks can enhance the accuracy of their work by utilizing the AI-driven platform PubCompare.ai, which helps optimize research protocols, identify effective products and protocols, and take their hawk studies to new heights.
PubCompare.ai can be used to locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and to identify the most effective products and protocols for your hawk studies, leveraging the power of AI-powered analysis.
With PubCompare.ai, you can take your hawk research to new levels of accuracy and efficiency.