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Fasciola hepatica

Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke, is a parasitic trematode that infects the bile ducts of various mammals, including humans.
This flatworm can cause a disease called fascioliasis, which can lead to severe liver damage and other health complications.
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Most cited protocols related to «Fasciola hepatica»

1
Global Burden of Liver Cancer Estimation
Cited 13 times
General methods for the GBD 2015 study have been published previously. Herein, we present methods pertaining to the liver cancer estimation. Descriptions of the estimation process are available in the eAppendix in Supplement 1 (link, no link found) (eFigure 1, eFigure 2, and eTable 1).
The estimation process starts with liver cancer mortality, which we estimated using vital registration system data and cancer registry incidence data that were transformed to mortality estimates using separately modeled mortality-to-incidence ratios. Data were processed to adjust for aggregated causes, age groups, or uninformative causes of death. Liver cancer mortality was modeled by developing a large set of plausible models using different model types and combinations of covariates, that were tested using out-of-sample predictive validity (eTable 3 and eTable 4 in Supplement 1 (link, link, no link found)). The 2.5% and 97.5% quantiles from 1000 draws of the posterior distribution were used to generate 95% uncertainty intervals (UI). Liver cancer mortality was scaled with other causes of death to sum to 100% of the demographic estimates of all-cause mortality. Years of life lost were calculated by multiplying each death by the standard life expectancy. To generate mortality estimates for 4 liver cancer etiologies, proportions of liver cancer due to different causes were identified in a systematic review (eTable 5 in Supplement 1 (link, link, link, no link found)). Cases were attributed to HBV, HCV, alcohol, and other causes, which include remaining etiologies like liver flukes, nonalcoholic steatohepatitis, and aflatoxins. To estimate proportions for all locations, by sex, and over time, models were generated using DisMod-MR 2.1, a Bayesian meta-regression model (eAppendix in Supplement 1). Liver cancer mortality estimates were split into etiologies using the modeled proportions. Liver cancer incidence was estimated by dividing mortality by mortality-to-incidence ratios. Survival was estimated based on a theoretical best and worst liver cancer survival and a scaling factor derived from age-standardized mortality-to-incidence ratios. Prevalence was calculated using incidence and survival estimates and divided into 4 phases reflecting changing disability during: (1) diagnosis and treatment; (2) remission; (3) disseminated; and (4) terminal phase. Prevalence for each phase was multiplied by distinct disability weights to generate years lived with disability (eTable 6 in Supplement 1 (no link found, link, no link found)). The sum of years of life lost and years lived with disability represents DALYs. One DALY can be interpreted as 1 lost year of “healthy life.”
To group countries with similar development status, a Sociodemographic Index (SDI) was used, which combines total fertility rate, average educational attainment in the population over age 15, and measures of income per capita (eFigure 3 and eTable 7 in the Supplement 1).To assess the contribution of demographic vs epidemiological changes, we decomposed trends into 3 components—population aging, growth, and change in age-specific rates. Rates are reported as mean per 100 000 person-years with 95% UI in parentheses. Age-standardized rates were computed using the GBD population standard.
Akinyemiju T., Abera S., Ahmed M., Alam N., Alemayohu M.A., Allen C., Al-Raddadi R., Alvis-Guzman N., Amoako Y., Artaman A., Ayele T.A., Barac A., Bensenor I., Berhane A., Bhutta Z., Castillo-Rivas J., Chitheer A., Choi J.Y., Cowie B., Dandona L., Dandona R., Dey S., Dicker D., Phuc H., Ekwueme D.U., Zaki M.E., Fischer F., Fürst T., Hancock J., Hay S.I., Hotez P., Jee S.H., Kasaeian A., Khader Y., Khang Y.H., Kumar G.A., Kutz M., Larson H., Lopez A., Lunevicius R., Malekzadeh R., McAlinden C., Meier T., Mendoza W., Mokdad A., Moradi-Lakeh M., Nagel G., Nguyen Q., Nguyen G., Ogbo F., Patton G., Pereira D.M., Pourmalek F., Qorbani M., Radfar A., Roshandel G., Salomon J.A., Sanabria J., Sartorius B., Satpathy M., Sawhney M., Sepanlou S., Shackelford K., Shore H., Sun J., Mengistu D.T., Topór-Mądry R., Tran B., Ukwaja K.N., Vlassov V., Vollset S.E., Vos T., Wakayo T., Weiderpass E., Werdecker A., Yonemoto N., Younis M., Yu C., Zaidi Z., Zhu L., Murray C.J., Naghavi M, & Fitzmaurice C. (2017). The Burden of Primary Liver Cancer and Underlying Etiologies From 1990 to 2015 at the Global, Regional, and National Level: Results From the Global Burden of Disease Study 2015. JAMA Oncology, 3(12), 1683-1691.
Publication 2017
Aflatoxins Age Groups BAD protein, human Cancer of Liver Diagnosis Dietary Supplements Disabled Persons Ethanol Fasciola hepatica Head Malignant Neoplasms Nonalcoholic Steatohepatitis
2
Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Care Program
Cited 12 times
CASCAP is a prospective cohort study. Two cohorts have been defined, one for determining who should be screened and the other for patients diagnosed as having CCA. The screening cohort, characterized in the upper zone of Fig. 1, is expected to include at least 150,000 individuals coming from high-risk areas for CCA, including the self-enrolment of persons who feel that they are in danger of developing CCA. The inclusion criteria include all endemic northeastern Thais of 40 years or over with any of the following: ever been infected by or treated for liver flukes or known to have eaten uncooked freshwater fish with scales. Once consent has been obtained, the participants will be enrolled in the program and their baseline information collected. If CCA has been diagnosed, the individual will automatically be moved to the second, patient cohort, characterized in the lower zone of Fig. 1.

Workflow of the Cholangiocarcinoma Screening and Car Program (CASCAP). CCA = cholangiocarcinoma, U/S = ultrasonography, CT = computed tomography, MRI = magnetic resonance imaging, MRCP = magnetic resonance cholangiopancreatography

After the baseline characteristics have been recorded, an ultrasound examination will be carried out (the upper zone of Fig. 1) to determine whether there is current bile duct and/or liver pathology. Patients with liver mass or bile duct dilatation will be directed to confirmatory diagnostic tests and, if CCA is confirmed, they will be transferred to the patient cohort (the lower zone of Fig. 1).
The patient cohort will include all CCA patients diagnosed in the region over a 5-year duration, with an estimated number of 5000 histologically proven new cases per year or 25,000 in the five-year recruitment period. It will include individuals diagnosed from the screening cohort, as well as new patients diagnosed at the nine tertiary-care hospitals participating in the CASCAP study. After diagnosis, the treatment regime will be determined and recorded. These patients will be treated according to the routine care procedures of the hospitals. Follow-up treatment will be recorded. Patients will be followed-up until the end of life.
Khuntikeo N., Chamadol N., Yongvanit P., Loilome W., Namwat N., Sithithaworn P., Andrews R.H., Petney T.N., Promthet S., Thinkhamrop K., Tawarungruang C, & Thinkhamrop B. (2015). Cohort profile: cholangiocarcinoma screening and care program (CASCAP). BMC Cancer, 15, 459.
Publication 2015
Cholangiocarcinoma Diagnosis Dilatation Duct, Bile Eating Fasciola hepatica Feelings Fishes Liver Magnetic Resonance Imaging Patients Tests, Diagnostic Thai Ultrasonics Ultrasonography X-Ray Computed Tomography
3
Mapping endemic fascioliasis lymnaeid populations
Cited 6 times
The presence of lymnaeid populations in this endemic area has been assessed by traditional malacological searching and sampling methods [40 (link)–42 ]. Lymnaeid snails were collected in multiple localities of the fascioliasis endemic area of the northern Bolivian Altiplano (Figs. 1, 2).

Northern Bolivian Altiplano human fascioliasis hyperendemic area. a Map showing the location of the lymnaeid vector populations studied. b Magnified map showing northward lymnaeid population spread into the Peñas-Kerani corridor. c Magnified map showing altitudinal lymnaeid population spread into the hill chain between the Tambillo-Huacullani corridor and the Tiwanaku-Guaqui corridor. d Magnified map showing southward lymnaeid population spread up to the Patacamaya zone. Hand-made drawing created using Microsoft® PowerPoint for Mac v. 16.25. Original SM-C. Key: Blue triangles, freshwater habitats presenting lymnaeid populations; red circles, localities where cattle was proved to be infected by the liver fluke in previous studies; green squares, human villages; grey shaded areas, large cities of La Paz and El Alto; brown outline, mountainous areas delimiting flatlands and corridors; green-shaded parts in b, c and d, zones of altitudes suitable for lymnaeid existence in the past; numbers/letters correspond to lymnaeid vector populations studied (see Table 1) inside/outside the past established boundaries of the endemic area [34 (link)]

Bargues M.D., Artigas P., Angles R., Osca D., Duran P., Buchon P., Gonzales-Pomar R.K., Pinto-Mendieta J, & Mas-Coma S. (2020). Genetic uniformity, geographical spread and anthropogenic habitat modifications of lymnaeid vectors found in a One Health initiative in the highest human fascioliasis hyperendemic of the Bolivian Altiplano. Parasites & Vectors, 13, 171.
Publication 2020
Cattle Cloning Vectors Fasciola hepatica Fascioliasis Homo sapiens Population Group Snails
4
Strongyloides and Parasitic Infections Study
Cited 6 times
Based on an expected sensitivity of ∼90% and specificity of ∼95% (Group II) and 90% (Group III), sample sizes were calculated. Ultimately there were 114 in Group I (the Strongyloides infected group); 115 specimens for Group II and 170 for Group III. Within Group III b the parasitic infections diagnosed included: Schistosoma spp, Trichinella spiralis, Toxocara canis, Fasciola hepatica, Echinococcus granulosus, Hookworm, Loa, Onchocerca volvulus, Mansonella perstans, Wuchereria bancrofti and Trypanosoma cruzi. The study population is summarized in the STARD flow chart (Supporting Information Figure S1).
Bisoffi Z., Buonfrate D., Sequi M., Mejia R., Cimino R.O., Krolewiecki A.J., Albonico M., Gobbo M., Bonafini S., Angheben A., Requena-Mendez A., Muñoz J, & Nutman T.B. (2014). Diagnostic Accuracy of Five Serologic Tests for Strongyloides stercoralis Infection. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 8(1), e2640.
Publication 2014
Echinococcus granulosus Fasciola hepatica Filaria bancrofti Hookworm Infections Hypersensitivity Mansonella perstans Onchocerca volvulus Parasitic Diseases Schistosoma Strongyloides Toxocara canis Trichinella spiralis Trypanosoma cruzi
5
Ultrastructural Analysis of Parasite Exosomes
Cited 6 times
For TEM, LR-white resin inclusion was performed fixing parasite adults and extracellular vesicles with glutaraldehyde 2.5%, washed with phosphate buffer 0.1 M pH 7.2, and post-fixed with 2% osmium tetroxide in phosphate buffer. After washes with water, they were sequentially dehydrated in 30% EtOH, 50% EtOH, 70% EtOH and 96% EtOH. Finally, samples were sequentially incubated for 2 h in 33% LR-white resin in 96% EtOH, 66% LR-white resin in 96% EtOH, 66% LR-white resin in 100% EtOH and 100% LR-white resin in 100 EtOH Samples were filtered in resin and polymerized at 60°C for 48 h. Ultrathin slides (60 nm) were finally stained with 2% uranil acetate prior to viewing by transmission EM (TEM) using a Jeol JEM1010 microscope at 60 kV. Images were acquired with a digital camera MegaView III with Olympus Image Analysis Software.
For the immuno-gold labeling assays with antibodies, purified exosome-like vesicles and E.caproni adults were fixed with Karnovsky's fixative and then processed in resin as previously described. Grids containing the samples were blocked with PBS/0.8% BSA/0.1% gelatin, and 2 µL of each antibody in PBS/0.5% BSA were added. Goat anti-enolase antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology); rabbit sera obtained against actin from Echinostoma caproni and rabbit sera obtained against Leucine aminopeptidase (LAP) from Fasciola hepatica[23] (link) (kindly provided by Dr. C. Carmona, Universidad de la Republica, Montevideo, Uruguay) were used at dilution of 1/20. The grids were then washed with PBS/0.5% BSA, incubated with gold-labeled secondary antibodies (Donkey anti-goat coupled to 18 nm gold particles; donkey anti-rabbit coupled to 12 nm gold particles, all from Jackson Immunoresearch) in PBS/0.5% BSA for 30 min, and then washed in 100 µL drops of PBS/0.5% BSA. Control grids incubated with only secondary antibodies were also used. The grids were stained with 2% uranyl acetate and then viewed for TEM using a Jeol JEM1010 microscope at 60 kV and images were acquired with a digital camera MegaView III with Olympus Image Analysis Software.
For SEM adult worms were fixed in Karnovsky's fixative, washed in buffer and post-fixed for 1–2 h with 2% osmium tetroxide in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer pH 7.2, and dehydrated by critical point. The mounted specimens were coated with Gold/Paladium and examined in a Hitachi S4100 scanning electron microscope at 5 kV.
Marcilla A., Trelis M., Cortés A., Sotillo J., Cantalapiedra F., Minguez M.T., Valero M.L., Sánchez del Pino M.M., Muñoz-Antoli C., Toledo R, & Bernal D. (2012). Extracellular Vesicles from Parasitic Helminths Contain Specific Excretory/Secretory Proteins and Are Internalized in Intestinal Host Cells. PLoS ONE, 7(9), e45974.
Publication 2012
Acetate Actins Adult Antibodies Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Biological Assay Buffers Echinostoma Enolase Equus asinus Ethanol Exosomes Extracellular Vesicles Fasciola hepatica Fingers Fixatives Gelatins Glutaral Goat Gold Helminths Immunoglobulins Leucine Aminopeptidase LR white Microscopy Osmium Tetroxide Parasites Phosphates Rabbits Resins, Plant Scanning Electron Microscopy Serum sodium phosphate Technique, Dilution Transmission, Communicable Disease uranyl acetate

Most recents protocols related to «Fasciola hepatica»

1
Experimental Liver Fluke Infection in Hamsters
SPF golden Syrian hamsters Mesocricetus auratus from the SPF animal facility at the Institute of Cytology and Genetics, Siberian Branch of Russian Academy of Sciences (ICG SB RAS) were used in this study as generally accepted laboratory model animals [7 (link), 10 (link)–13 (link)]. All the procedures were performed aseptically. We applied an appropriate randomization strategy (blocking) to control possible variables, such as potential infection, among the experimental animals. We took into account nuisance variables that could bias the results (a litter and an investigator).
For collecting O. felineus metacercariae, a naturally infected freshwater fish (Leuciscus idus) was net-caught in the Ob River near Novosibirsk (Western Siberia, Russia) by research assistant Viktor Antonov (ICG SB RAS) without the use of chemicals. O. felineus metacercariae were extracted as described previously [7 (link), 16 (link)]. C. sinensis and O. viverrini metacercariae were extracted from naturally infected freshwater fish (Seoul, Republic of Korea, and Khon Kaen, Thailand, respectively) and delivered on ice. After several washes with normal saline, metacercariae were identified under a light microscope. All the procedures with hamsters were performed at the SPF animal facility at the ICG SB RAS.
Sixteen hamsters were distributed into four groups, and animals from three of them were infected with 75 metacercariae (of one of the three liver fluke species separately) by gastric intubation at intervals of 3–5 days to avoid bacterial cross-infection. One group was kept uninfected. One month after the infection, the hamsters were euthanized using carbon dioxide. All the procedures were done aseptically. Bile samples were collected via puncture of the gall bladder and stored at -80°C until use. Colorectal feces were extracted and stored at -80°C until use. Adult worms were carefully extracted from the biliary tract, washed more than 10 times with sterile saline, then soaked for several hours in sterile saline at 37°C, and finally stored at -80°C until analysis.
Although all procedures with hamsters were carried out in the same Animal Facility, we cannot exclude any small differences in the standard protocol for the metacercariae isolation from fish that might affect the microbiome.
Pakharukova M.Y., Lishai E.A., Zaparina O., Baginskaya N.V., Hong S.J., Sripa B, & Mordvinov V.A. (2023). Opisthorchis viverrini, Clonorchis sinensis and Opisthorchis felineus liver flukes affect mammalian host microbiome in a species-specific manner. PLOS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 17(2), e0011111.
Publication 2023
Adult Animals Animals, Laboratory Bacterial Infections Bile Carbon dioxide Cytological Techniques Fasciola hepatica Feces Fishes Gallbladder Hamsters Helminths Idoxuridine Infection Intubation isolation Light Microscopy Mesocricetus auratus Metacercariae Microbiome Normal Saline Punctures Rivers Saline Solution Sterility, Reproductive Stomach System, Biliary
2
Proteomic Analysis of Fasciola Spp.
FgESP and F22 were divided into tubes (100 μg/tube), and a Q Exactive chromatographic mass spectrometer was used to identify the protein components by mass spectrometry. F. gigantica (ST46835_Fasciola gigantica_13099.fasta) was selected for library comparison of the FgESP, whereas F. hepatica (ST_Fasciola hepatica_[6192]_15305.fasta) was selected for library comparison of F22. Proteins for which the number of unique peptides ≥ 2 were selected for subsequent analysis to detect the number of proteins related to Fasciola spp. Proteome Discoverer 1.3 (Thermo Scientific) software was used to match and score the original map files (raw files) from the peptide identification with the Q Exactive chromatographic mass spectrometer through SEQUEST software. According to the criterion FDR < 0.01, the peptides were screened based on the confidence, and the presence of at least two unique peptides was used for identification to obtain highly reliable qualitative results.
Yuan X., Han X., Kong X., Hou L., Wei K., Chen M., Zhang W, & Di W. (2023). The 22nd Chromatography Component of the Fasciola gigantica Excretory-Secretory Products Decreased the Proliferation of Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells from Buffalo. Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 13(4), 564.
Publication 2023
cDNA Library Chromatography Fasciola Fasciola hepatica Hepatica Mass Spectrometry peptide Q Peptides Proteins Proteome Proto-Oncogene Mas Spectrometry
3
Systematic Review of C. sinensis Prevalence in South Korea

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Publication 2023
Clonorchiasis Clonorchis sinensis Diagnosis Fasciola hepatica Homo sapiens Infection Koreans Microtubule-Associated Proteins Patients Population Group prisma
4
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Parasitic Helminths
The protein sequence of genes under selection (candidate genes) were run through UniProt Blast using the UniRef50 and UniProtKB_RefProtSwissProt databases [108 (link)], WormBase ParaSite Version WBPS14 (WS271) Blast against all species in the protein database [43 (link),44 (link),109 (link),110 (link)] and OrthoDB version 9 against the Metazoan database [111 (link)] to determine an appropriate description and function for each candidate gene. InterPro [112 (link)] was used to identify domains as a confirmation of the protein function. WormBase ParaSite Version WBPS16 (WS279; [109 (link),110 (link)] was used to identify orthologs in Fasciola gigantica (BioProject PRJNA230515; [42 (link)]), Clonorchis sinensis (BioProject PRJNA386618- Cs-k2;[113 (link)]), Opisthorchis viverrini (BioProject PRJNA222628; [114 (link)]), and Schistosoma mansoni (BioProject PRJEA36577; [115 (link)]). Comparative analysis was carried out against the re-assembled/re-annotated Fasciola hepatica genome (WormBase ParaSite version WBPS17 BioProject PRJNA179522; [42 (link)]). Differential gene expression analysis was carried out using the F. hepatica life cycle stage specific transcriptome datasets (ERP006566; [43 (link)]) that have been mapped to the F. hepatica genome assembly at WormBase ParaSite (PRJEB25283). Transcript expression values were expressed as transcripts per million (TPM) to allow for comparison between life cycle stages. Using SNPs from SNP panel 1 and 2 non-synonymous amino acid changes were identified within exons of genes 3 to 10 (Table 5). The focus was non-synonymous changes in segregating resistance alleles that were conserved in related parasites (FhLivR2, FhLivR3, FhLivR4pop).
Beesley N.J., Cwiklinski K., Allen K., Hoyle R.C., Spithill T.W., La Course E.J., Williams D.J., Paterson S, & Hodgkinson J.E. (2023). A major locus confers triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica and shows dominant inheritance. PLOS Pathogens, 19(1), e1011081.
Publication 2023
Alleles Amino Acids Amino Acid Sequence Clonorchis sinensis Exons Fasciola Fasciola hepatica Gene Expression Profiling Genes Genome Hepatica Operator, Genetic Opisthorchis viverrini Parasites Protein Domain Schistosoma mansoni Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Transcriptome
5
Sheep Infection and Drug Treatment Protocol
Sheep infections were carried out essentially as described previously [32 (link)]. Briefly, >12 week-old Lleyn cross lambs were infected by oral administration of ~200 (parental clones and F1) or ~400 (F2) metacercariae per sheep. Infection status was monitored weekly by ELISA [117 (link)] from four weeks prior to infection and by faecal egg count (FEC) prior to infection and from eight weeks post infection. Treated sheep were dosed orally with TCBZ (Fasinex, Novartis), at the recommended dose rate of 10 mg/kg. At 12–16 weeks post infection, sheep were humanely euthanised and enumeration of adult liver flukes was performed by dissection of the bile ducts and incubation of the liver in PBS for 2 h at 37°C. Adult parasites manually recovered by dissection from the bile ducts, were washed in PBS, snap frozen and stored at -80°C. Eggs for downstream infection of snails (F1 and F2 eggs) were harvested from adult parasites purged by incubation in 1–2 ml of Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Media (DMEM; Sigma-Aldrich, Dorset, UK) containing 1000 units penicillin, 0.1 mg streptomycin and 0.25μg amphotericin B (Sigma-Aldrich, UK) for a minimum of 2 h at 37°C.
Beesley N.J., Cwiklinski K., Allen K., Hoyle R.C., Spithill T.W., La Course E.J., Williams D.J., Paterson S, & Hodgkinson J.E. (2023). A major locus confers triclabendazole resistance in Fasciola hepatica and shows dominant inheritance. PLOS Pathogens, 19(1), e1011081.
Publication 2023
Administration, Oral Adult Amphotericin B Clone Cells Dissection Domestic Sheep Duct, Bile Eagle Eggs Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Fasciola hepatica Fasinex Feces Freezing Infection Liver Metacercariae Parasites Parent Penicillins Snails Streptomycin

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More about "Fasciola hepatica"

Fasciola hepatica, also known as the common liver fluke, is a parasitic trematode that infects the bile ducts of various mammals, including humans.
This flatworm can cause a disease called fascioliasis, which can lead to severe liver damage and other health complications.
Fascioliasis is a significant public health concern, particularly in regions where the parasite is endemic, such as South America, Europe, and Asia.
The lifecycle of Fasciola hepatica involves an aquatic snail as the intermediate host, where the parasite undergoes several developmental stages before infecting the definitive host, such as humans or other mammals.
Ingesting contaminated water or raw, undercooked vegetables can lead to the transmission of the parasite to humans.
In addition to the MeSH term description, there are several related terms and subtopics that are important to understand when studying Fasciola hepatica.
These include the use of various cell culture media, such as DMEM (Dulbecco's Modified Eagle's Medium) and RPMI 1640, which are commonly used to cultivate and study the parasites in vitro.
Additionally, techniques like the use of Bio-Beads SM-2 for lipid extraction, the SZH10 Research stereo microscope for parasite identification, and the NucleoSpin Tissue kit or DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit for DNA extraction can be valuable in Fasciola hepatica research.
Antimicrobial agents, such as Penicillin and Streptomycin, are often used in cell culture experiments to prevent bacterial contamination and ensure the integrity of the in vitro systems.
These tools and techniques, combined with the insights provided by PubCompare.ai, can help enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of Fasciola hepatica studies, ultimately advancing our understanding of this important parasite and the development of effective interventions against fascioliasis.