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Leishmania major

Q: What are the different types or variations of Leishmania major?

Leishmania major is a protozoan parasite that belongs to the Leishmania genus and causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease. It is primarily found in the Middle East, Central Asia, and North Africa. While Leishmania major is the main causative agent, there are other Leishmania species and subspecies that can also lead to cutaneous leishmaniasis, such as Leishmania tropica and Leishmania aethiopica. These different Leishmania parasites can have slightly varying clinical presentations and geographic distributions.

Q: How is Leishmania major transmitted and what are the symptoms of infection?

Leishmania major is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sandflies. The most common symptom is the development of disfiguring skin lesions, typically on exposed areas of the body. These lesions can start as small papules or nodules that gradually grow into larger, ulcerated sores. In some cases, the infection can also spread to internal organs, leading to more serious complications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to manage the disease and prevent long-term complications or disfigurement.

Q: What are some of the key applications of studying Leishmania major?

Studying Leishmania major is important for several reasons: 1) Improving diagnostic methods to enable early detection and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis; 2) Developing more effective and safer treatments, as the current therapeutic options can have significant side effects; 3) Understanding the parasite's biology and life cycle to identify potential drug targets; and 4) Designing better preventive measures, such as more potent insect repellents or vaccines, to reduce disease transmission. Advancing the research on Leishmania major is crucial for tackling this neglected tropical disease and improving public health outcomes in affected regions.

Q: How can PubCompare.ai help optimize Leishmania major research?

PubCompare.ai is an innovative AI-driven platform that can greatly assist researchers studying Leishmania major. The tool allows you to more efficiently screen the protocol literature related to Leishmania major research. Its AI-driven analysis can help identify the most effective protocols and highlight key differences in their effeciacy. This enables researchers to choose the best protocols for their specific goals, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their Leishmania major studies. By leveraging the insights from PubCompare.ai, scientists can advance their understanding and treatment of this important public health challenge more effectively.

Leishmania major: A protozoan parasite that causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease.
It is transmitted by sandflies and can lead to disfiguring skin lesions.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, to optimize their Leishmania major studies.
This tool helps identify the best protocols and products from literature, preprints, and patents, enhancing reproducibility and accuracy.
By utilizing this innovative ressource, scientists can advance their understanding and treatment of this important public health challenge.

Most cited protocols related to «Leishmania major»

SBP and TAP Tagging of Leishmania Proteins

Cited 8 times

For pull-down experiments using L. amazonensis, a Streptavidin-binding Peptide (SBP) tagging vector pX-H-SBP-H was used. This vector contains an SBP-tag flanked by two intergenic regions derived from the Hsp83 genomic cluster (denoted ‘H’), that promote expression in both life forms. Foreign genes were cloned upstream to the SBP tag. For experiments with L. major a Tandem Affinity Purification (TAP) tagging vector pSNSAP1 (21 (link)) was used, placing the tag in the C-terminus of the target gene. See Supplementary ‘Materials and Methods’ section for plasmids construction details.
Leishmania amazonensis cells were transfected as previously described (22 (link)) with pX-H-LeishIF4E1-SBP-H, pH-LeishIF4E4-SBP-H and pH-LeishIF4EIP-SBP-H and stable cell lines were selected using 100 µg/ml G-418. Leishmania major cells were similarly transfected with pSNSAP1-LeishIF4E-1 or pSNSAP1-LeishIF4E-4, and stable cell lines were selected using 200 µg/ml G-418.

Zinoviev A., Léger M., Wagner G, & Shapira M. (2011). A novel 4E-interacting protein in Leishmania is involved in stage-specific translation pathways. Nucleic Acids Research, 39(19), 8404-8415.

Publication 2011

antibiotic G 418 Cell Lines Cells Cloning Vectors Genes Genome Intergenic Region Lanugo Leishmania major Leishmania mexicana amazonensis Plasmids streptavidin-binding peptide Tandem Affinity Purification

Serial Dilutions for qPCR Assay

Cited 7 times

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Publication 2015

DNA Leishmania major Leishmania mexicana Leishmania mexicana amazonensis Technique, Dilution Trypanosoma rangeli

Comparative Detection of Trypanosoma and Leishmania

Cited 7 times

Serial dilutions of Trypanosoma rangeli and Leishmania major, Leishmania mexicana and Leishmania amazonensis purified DNA ranging from 1 to 1000 pg/µL were assayed on duplicates. T. rangeli DNA was kindly provided by Dr Juan David Ramirez and Dr Felipe Guhl (CIMPAT, Universidad de los Andres, Colombia) and Leishmania sp. DNA by Dr Paula Marcet (CDC, Atlanta, USA).

Duffy T., Cura C.I., Ramirez J.C., Abate T., Cayo N.M., Parrado R., Bello Z.D., Velazquez E., Muñoz-Calderon A., Juiz N.A., Basile J., Garcia L., Riarte A., Nasser J.R., Ocampo S.B., Yadon Z.E., Torrico F., de Noya B.A., Ribeiro I, & Schijman A.G. (2013). Analytical Performance of a Multiplex Real-Time PCR Assay Using TaqMan Probes for Quantification of Trypanosoma cruzi Satellite DNA in Blood Samples. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 7(1), e2000.

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Publication 2013

Leishmania Leishmania major Leishmania mexicana Leishmania mexicana amazonensis T-DNA Technique, Dilution Trypanosoma rangeli

De novo Transcriptome Assembly and Annotation

Cited 6 times

To obtain high-quality clean reads, the raw reads were filtered to remove reads with adaptor sequences, low-quality reads (Phred quality score <20 bp), and reads with a high percentage of unidentified nucleotides, using Perl script with G-language Genome Analysis Environment [36 (link)]. De novo assembly of the clean reads was carried out using Trinity software (version: trinity/r2014-04-13p1) with default parameters and no reference sequence. The sequences resulting from the de novo Trinity assembly were called unigenes. In order to annotate unigenes, a BLASTX search against the UniProt database was conducted with an E-value cut-off of 1e⁻⁵. The following genomic databases were used for the taxonomic distribution of annotated components : plants (Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed /17932292; Arabidopsis thaliana, https://www.arabidopsis.org/); animals (Drosophila melanogaster, http://flybase.org/; Caenorhabditis elegans, https://www.wormbase.org/); fungi (Saccharomyces cerevisiae, http://www.ensembl.org/index.html); kinetoplastids (Trypanosoma cruzi, Trypanosoma brucei, Leishmania major, http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). A venn diagram was drawn using Venny program (http://bioinfogp.cnb.csic.es/tools/venny/). The Blast2GO program [37 (link)] and Kyoto Encyclopedia of Genes and Genomes (KEGG) database [38 (link)] (http://www.genome.jp/kegg/) were used to identify the Gene ontology (GO) annotation and biological pathways in E.gracilis, respectively. Results of pathway enrichment were visualized using Pathway Projector [39 (link)].

Yoshida Y., Tomiyama T., Maruta T., Tomita M., Ishikawa T, & Arakawa K. (2016). De novo assembly and comparative transcriptome analysis of Euglena gracilis in response to anaerobic conditions. BMC Genomics, 17, 182.

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Publication 2016

Animals Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thalianas Biopharmaceuticals Caenorhabditis elegans Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Drosophila melanogaster Fungi Gene Annotation Genome Gracilis Muscle Leishmania major Nucleotides Plants Saccharomyces cerevisiae Trypanosoma brucei brucei Trypanosoma cruzi

Murine Models of Acute and Chronic Chagas Disease

Cited 5 times

Five to seven week old female, Swiss and C57BL/6, mice were infected with 5000 and 1000 blood stage T. cruzi trypomastigotes, respectively [13] (link), [19] (link), [21] (link). Swiss mice infected with the T. cruzi Colombiana strain were representative of the acute phase model of CD [13] (link). C57BL/6 mice infected with the T. cruzi Colombiana strain were representative of the chronic phase model of CD [21] (link). Parasite levels were determined using light microscopy obtained via tail vein bleed [19] (link), [22] (link). The myotropic Colombiana strain and the Y strain of T. cruzi were maintained by serial passage every 21 and 10 days, in Swiss mice, respectively. The Y, Colombiana and 0704 strains of T. cruzi were cultured in-vitro using 3T3 mouse fibroblast cells [19] (link), [23] (link). Infected 3T3 cell culture supernatant was collected and concentrated to obtain the TESA fraction [19] (link). Protein extracts from parasites unrelated to T. cruzi, such as Plasmodium falciparum infected RBCs, promastigotes of Leishmania donovani, Leishmania major and Leishmania infantum were obtained as described earlier [19] (link).

de Araujo F.F., Nagarkatti R., Gupta C., Marino A.P, & Debrabant A. (2015). Aptamer-Based Detection of Disease Biomarkers in Mouse Models for Chagas Drug Discovery. PLoS Neglected Tropical Diseases, 9(1), e3451.

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Publication 2015

3T3 Cells Blood Cell Culture Techniques Erythrocytes Females Fibroblasts Leishmania donovani Leishmania infantum Leishmania major Light Microscopy Mice, Inbred C57BL Mouse, Swiss Mus Parasites Plasmodium falciparum Proteins Strains Tail Veins

Most recents protocols related to «Leishmania major»

Intradermal Bacterial and Leishmania Injection

Briefly, the low (1.5×10³ CFU/mL) and high (1.5×10⁶ CFU/mL) doses of each bacterium were suspended in 10 μL of PBS either with or without L. major (1.5×10⁶/ml). Leishmania major alone and PBS were set as controls. The suspensions were injected intradermally into the right ear pinna of mice following anesthetizing with xylazine (10 mg/kg) and ketamine (80 mg/kg) (Table 1).

Amni F., Maleki-Ravasan N., Nateghi-Rostami M., Hadighi R., Karimian F., Meamar A.R., Badirzadeh A, & Parvizi P. (2023). Co-infection of Phlebotomus papatasi (Diptera: Psychodidae) gut bacteria with Leishmania major exacerbates the pathological responses of BALB/c mice. Frontiers in Cellular and Infection Microbiology, 13, 1115542.

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Publication 2023

Bacteria Ear Auricle Ketamine Leishmania major Mice, House Xylazine

Leishmania major Inoculum Preparation

Cited 1 time

The reference strain of Leishmania major (MRHO/IR/75/ER) and two bacterial species of Enterobacter cloacae and Bacillus subtilis were selected for inoculum preparation. At fifth day of culture, stationary phase promastigotes of L. major were harvested from RPMI 1640 medium supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (Gibco Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and 100 μg/ml of penicillin-streptomycin (Biowest, USA) incubated at 25 ± 1°C. To count parasites, the cultures were centrifuged at 5,000 ×g at room temperature for 10 min and then re-suspended in 0.5% formalin following three washes with PBS. The reason for choosing these two bacterial species was their isolation from the resting, feeding and breeding environments of P. papatasi and their significant effects on the development of Leishmania (Maleki-Ravasan, in press ; Maleki-Ravasan et al., 2015 (link)). Both bacteria were grown at 37°C on a Brain Heart Infusion (BHI) agar medium plate overnight. The single-grown colonies were then subcultured in BHI broth at 100 rpm at 37°C overnight. Bacterial cells were adjusted to 1.5×10⁸ CFU/ml (optical density at 600 nm, ∼0.25) according to Kaplan et al., 2012 (link) protocol. The stock solution was serially diluted up to 1:100 and 1:10,000 to obtain 1.5×10⁶ and 1.5×10³ CFU/ml of each bacterial cell for high and low doses groups, respectively.

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Publication 2023

Agar Bacillus subtilis Bacteria Brain Cells Enterobacter Enterobacter cloacae Fetal Bovine Serum Formalin Heart isolation Leishmania Leishmania major Parasites Penicillins Strains Streptomycin Vision

Neglected Tropical Diseases Research Trends

Database searches (deadline: July 27, 2022) were completed using specific criteria and the advanced search function by applying the author's descriptors, title, and abstract, combining specific terms for each NTD (Table 1). The NTDs were selected based on a group of 20 diseases defined by WHO². All publications from January 1991 to December 2021 were considered and screened. Data on all authors, country of origin, institutions, and health descriptors were extracted and analyzed, and the number and proportion of scientific production over time was evaluated. All authors (with their country of origin and affiliation) included in the scientific publications were considered.
TABLE 1:Neglected Tropical Diseases (NTDs) and Search Terms used.

NTDs	Search Terms
Buruli ulcer	Buruli Ulcer; Mycobacterium ulcerans
Chagas disease	Chagas disease; Trypanosoma cruzi
Chromomycosis	Chromomycosis; Phialophora; Rhinocladiella; Exophiala; Fonsecaea pedrosoi; Cladophialophora carrionii
Taeniasis/cysticercosis	Cysticercosis; Taeniasis; Taenia solium; Taenia saginata
Dengue	Dengue; DENV; Flavivirus*
Chikungunya	Chikungunya Fever; Chikungunya virus; CHIKV
Echinocococosis/Hydatidosis	Echinococcosis; Echinococcus granulosus; Echinococcus multilocularis
Fascioliasis	Fascioliasis; Fasciola gigantica; Fasciola hepatica
Leishmaniasis	Leishmaniasis; Leishmania donovani; Leishmania chagasi; Leishmania infantum; Leishmania major; Leishmania tropica; Leishmania braziliensis; Leishmania mexicana; Leishmania*
Leprosy	Leprosy; Mycobacterium leprae
Elephantiasis; Elephantiasis, Filarial	Elephantiasis; Elephantiasis; Filarial; Wuchereria bancrofti; Brugia malayi; Brugia timor
Mycetoma	Mycetoma; Nocardia brasiliensis; Nocardia asteroides; Nocardia otitidiscaviarum; Nocardia ninae; Gordonia terrae; Madurella mycetomatis; Fonsecaea pedrosoi; Acremonium falciforme
Yaws	Yaws; Treponema pallidum
Onchocerciasis	Onchocerciasis; Onchocerca volvulus
Rabies	Rabies; Rabies virus
Schistosomiasis	Schistosomiasis; Schistosoma haematobium; Schistosoma guineensis; Schistosoma intercalatum; Schistosomiasis japonica; Schistosoma mekongi; Schistosomiasis mansoni
Trachoma	Trachoma; Chlamydia trachomatis
Ascariasis	Ascariasis; Ascaris lumbricoides; Ascaris suum
Trichuriasis	Trichuriasis; Trichocephalus; Trichuris trichiura
Ancylostomiasis	Ancylostomiasis; Ancylostoma caninum; Necator americanus
Dracunculiasis	Dracunculiasis; Dracunculus medinensis
Clonorchiasis	Clonorchiasis; Clonorchis sinensis
Paragonimiasis	Paragonimiasis; Paragonimus*
Opisthorchiasis	Opisthorchiasis; Opisthorchis viverrini; Opisthorchis felineus
Trypanosomiasis, African	Trypanosomiasis; African; Trypanosoma brucei gambiense; Trypanosoma brucei rhodesiense
Chromoblastomycosis	Chromoblastomycosis; Fonsecaea pedrosoi; Phialophora verrucosa; Cladophialophora carrionii; Rhinocladiella aquaspersa
Snake Bites	Snake Bites
Histoplasmosis	Histoplasmosis; Histoplasma capsulatum
Coccidioidomycosis	Coccidioidomycosis; Coccidioides immitis; Coccidioides posadasii
Paracoccidioidomycosis	Paracoccidioidomycosis; Paracoccidioides brasiliensis
Sporotrichosis	Sporotrichosis; Sporothrix schenckii
Cryptococcosis	Cryptococcosis; Cryptococcus neoformans; Cryptococcus gattii
Scabies	Scabies; Sarcoptes scabiei
Tungiasis	Tungiasis; Tunga penetrans
Cutaneous Larva Migrans	Cutaneous Larva Migrans; Visceral Larva Migrans; Ancylostoma caninum; Ancylostoma brasiliensis; Strongyloides stercoralis
Head Lice Infestations	Lice Infestations; Pediculus humanus capitis; Body lice; Phtiriase
Myiasis	Myiasis; Cochliomyia hominivorax; Oestrus ovis; Wohlfahrtia magnifica; Chrysomya bezziana; Hypoderma bovis; Hypoderma lineatum; Cordylobia anthropophaga; Hypoderma tarandi; Calliphora vicina; Musca nebulo; Musca domestica; Lucilia sericata

An author's country of origin and affiliated institutions were considered to be the first information reported by the author, as manuscripts were counted as a unit of analysis. The relationship analysis was carried out using the scientometric visualization software VOSviewer 1.6.16 (https://www.vosviewer.com/) based on the structuring of the bibliographic networks and the specificities of the references associated with each record, in addition to the author's descriptor data and the arrangement of the most frequent terms in the publications.
Data were analyzed for the complete period and stratified into four periods (1991-2000, 2001-2010, 2011-2021, and 1991-2021); the change from 1991 to 2021 was then compared. To demonstrate the evolution of scientific production over time, graphs were constructed; data depicted were on the number and proportion of publications on NTDs in JBSTM and the NTDs with the highest proportion of scientific publications. Tables were organized by decades to present independent NTDs, types of scientific products, authors, descriptors, affiliations, and countries.

Ferreira A.F., Heukelbach J., Costa C.H., de Souza E.A., Maciel A.M., Correia D, & Ramos AN J.r. (2023). Scientometric review of research on Neglected Tropical Diseases: a 31-year perspective from the Journal of the Brazilian Society of Tropical Medicine. Revista da Sociedade Brasileira de Medicina Tropical, 56, e0403-2022.

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Publication 2023

Acremonium Ancylostoma Ancylostoma caninum Ascaris Ascaris lumbricoides Biological Evolution Brugia Brugia malayi Chikungunya virus Childbirth Chlamydia Cladophialophora carrionii Coccidioides Cordylobia anthropophaga Cryptococcus Cryptococcus neoformans Dracunculus Nematode Echinococcus Echinococcus granulosus Elephantiasis Exophiala Fasciola Fever Filaria bancrofti Flavivirus Fonsecaea pedrosoi Gordonia terrae Histoplasma Houseflies Hydrophobia Larva Migrans Larva Migrans, Visceral Leishmania Leishmania braziliensis Leishmania chagasi Leishmania donovani Leishmania infantum Leishmania major Leishmania mexicana Leishmania tropica Lice, Body Lice, Head Lice Infestations Madurella mycetomatis Mycobacterium Mycobacterium Infections Necator Neglected Diseases Negroid Races Nocardia asteroides Nocardia brasiliensis Nocardia ninae Nocardia otitidiscaviarum Oestrus ovis Onchocerca Opisthorchis Opisthorchis viverrini Paracoccidioides Paragonimus Phialophora Phialophora verrucosa Schistosoma Schistosoma haematobium Schistosomiasis Schistosomiasis japonica Sporothrix Strongyloides Taenia Taeniases Taenia solium Treponema Trichocephalus Trypanosoma Trypanosoma brucei brucei Trypanosoma brucei gambiense Tunga Ulcer

Structural Analysis of Leishmania GP63

The amino acid sequence of Leishmania major GP63 was retrieved from the UniProt (Universal Protein Resource) knowledge base at http://www.uniprot.org/ with the accession number A0A0S2UX54 and stored in FASTA format for further analysis. After determining the degree of homology, differences among amino acid positions, and the frequency-based difference, a COBALT blast (multiple alignments) was performed with the blosum 80. The GP63 sequence was used to query the Protein Data Bank (PDB) proteins database using BLAST at http://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Blast.cgi to discover an appropriate template structure for homology modeling predictions.

Sharifi F., Sharifi I., Babaei Z., Alahdin S, & Afgar A. (2023). Bioinformatics evaluation of anticancer properties of GP63 protein-derived peptides on MMP2 protein of melanoma cancer. Journal of Pathology Informatics, 14, 100190.

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Publication 2023

Amino Acids Amino Acid Sequence Cobalt Leishmania major Proteins

Protein Structure Preparation Workflow

The protein structure of FeSODA and TR from Leishmania donovani is not available. However, these two proteins show very high similarity in other spices of the parasite. Accordingly, the crystal structures of FeSODA from Leishmania major (PDB ID: 4F2N) and TR from Leishmania infantum (PDB ID: 2JK6) were utilized in this study^{17 (link),18 (link)}. The protein preparation wizard, a feature of the Glide module Maestro 13.1, was used to prepare both protein structures. Preparation and refinement are the two parts of the protein preparation wizard. The protein preparation component first verifies chemical correctness, adds hydrogen, neutralizes side chains, and then assigns bond order using the Cambridge Structural Database (CSD). The protein preparation wizard was applied to form disulfide bonds, fill in missing atoms, improve side chains, and ensure the accuracy of partial atomic charges in order to produce the right structure. In the subsequent step, water molecules were removed, and a minimization process was executed until the average root mean square deviation (RMSD) of 0.3 Å for the non-hydrogen atoms was attained, employing the OPLS_2005 force field^{19 (link)}.

Bora K., Sarma M., Kanaujia S.P, & Dubey V.K. (2023). Dual-target drugs against Leishmania donovani for potential novel therapeutics. Scientific Reports, 13, 18363.

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Publication 2023

Disulfides Hydrogen Leishmania donovani Leishmania infantum Leishmania major Parasites Plant Roots Proteins Spices

Top products related to «Leishmania major»

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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.

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Penicillin is a type of antibiotic used in laboratory settings. It is a broad-spectrum antimicrobial agent effective against a variety of bacteria. Penicillin functions by disrupting the bacterial cell wall, leading to cell death.

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FBS, or Fetal Bovine Serum, is a commonly used cell culture supplement. It is derived from the blood of bovine fetuses and provides essential growth factors, hormones, and other nutrients to support the growth and proliferation of a wide range of cell types in vitro.

What are the different types or variations of Leishmania major?

Leishmania major is a protozoan parasite that belongs to the Leishmania genus and causes cutaneous leishmaniasis, a neglected tropical disease. It is primarily found in the Middle East, Central Asia, and North Africa. While Leishmania major is the main causative agent, there are other Leishmania species and subspecies that can also lead to cutaneous leishmaniasis, such as Leishmania tropica and Leishmania aethiopica. These different Leishmania parasites can have slightly varying clinical presentations and geographic distributions.

How is Leishmania major transmitted and what are the symptoms of infection?

Leishmania major is transmitted to humans through the bite of infected sandflies. The most common symptom is the development of disfiguring skin lesions, typically on exposed areas of the body. These lesions can start as small papules or nodules that gradually grow into larger, ulcerated sores. In some cases, the infection can also spread to internal organs, leading to more serious complications. Prompt diagnosis and treatment are important to manage the disease and prevent long-term complications or disfigurement.

What are some of the key applications of studying Leishmania major?

Studying Leishmania major is important for several reasons: 1) Improving diagnostic methods to enable early detection and treatment of cutaneous leishmaniasis; 2) Developing more effective and safer treatments, as the current therapeutic options can have significant side effects; 3) Understanding the parasite's biology and life cycle to identify potential drug targets; and 4) Designing better preventive measures, such as more potent insect repellents or vaccines, to reduce disease transmission. Advancing the research on Leishmania major is crucial for tackling this neglected tropical disease and improving public health outcomes in affected regions.

How can PubCompare.ai help optimize Leishmania major research?

PubCompare.ai is an innovative AI-driven platform that can greatly assist researchers studying Leishmania major. The tool allows you to more efficiently screen the protocol literature related to Leishmania major research. Its AI-driven analysis can help identify the most effective protocols and highlight key differences in their effeciacy. This enables researchers to choose the best protocols for their specific goals, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their Leishmania major studies. By leveraging the insights from PubCompare.ai, scientists can advance their understanding and treatment of this important public health challenge more effectively.

More about "Leishmania major"

Leishmania major is a protozoan parasite that causes the neglected tropical disease known as cutaneous leishmaniasis.
This debilitating condition is transmitted through the bites of infected sandflies, leading to disfiguring skin lesions.
Researchers studying Leishmania major can leverage the innovative AI-driven platform PubCompare.ai to optimize their research efforts.
PubCompare.ai helps identify the best protocols and products from the vast body of literature, preprints, and patents related to Leishmania major.
This tool enables scientists to enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies, ultimately advancing the understanding and treatment of this important public health challenge.
When conducting Leishmania major research, researchers often utilize a variety of cell culture media and supplements, such as RPMI 1640 medium, L-glutamine, fetal bovine serum (FBS), penicillin, and streptomycin.
These components provide the necessary nutrients and support for the growth and maintenance of Leishmania parasites in the laboratory setting.
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