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Family Member

Family Member: A person related to an individual by blood, marriage, or adoption.
This term encompasses immediate relatives such as parents, siblings, and children, as well as more distant kin like grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.
Family members play a crucial role in an individual's social, emotional, and often financial support systems.
Understanding the dynamics and interactions within a family can provide valuable insights into a person's health, behavior, and overall well-being.
Reseachers studying family structures, relationships, and their impact on various aspects of life can utilize this term to facilitate more comprehensive and accurate analyses.

Most cited protocols related to «Family Member»

We obtained sequences of members of Clusters of Orthologous Groups (COG) gene families (Tatusov et al. 2001) and members of Pfam PF00005 (Finn et al. 2006 ) from the fall 2007 release of the MicrobesOnline database (http://www.microbesonline.org/). We aligned the sequences to the family's profile, using reverse position-specific Blast for the COG alignment (Schaffer et al. 2001 (link)) and hmmalign for the PF00005 alignment (http://hmmer.janelia.org/). As the profiles only include positions that are present in many members of the family, these alignments do not contain all positions from the original sequences. The 16S rRNA alignment is from greengenes and is trimmed with the greengenes mask (DeSantis et al. 2006 (link); http://greengenes.lbl.gov).
To simulate alignments with realistic phylogenies and realistic gaps, we used the COG alignments. In each simulation, we selected the desired number of sequences from a COG alignment, we removed positions that were over 25% gaps, we estimated a topology and branch lengths with PhyML (Guindon and Gascuel 2003 (link)), we estimated evolutionary rates across sites with PHYLIP's proml (http://evolution.genetics.washington.edu/phylip.htm), we simulated sequences with Rose (Stoye et al. 1998 (link)), and we reintroduced the gaps from the original alignment. For simulations of 5,000 sequences, we used FastTree instead of PhyML and we assigned evolutionary rates at random. For N = 10, we simulated 3,100 alignments (10 independent runs per family); for N = 50, we simulated 3,099 alignments; for N = 250, we simulated 308 alignments; for N = 1,250, we simulated only 92 alignments because some PhyML jobs did not complete, and for N = 5,000, we simulated 7 alignments, as only seven families contained enough nonredundant sequences. See supplementary note 2 (Supplementary Material online) for technical details.
Publication 2009
Biological Evolution Family Member Genes RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
TargetScan (v7.0) provides the option of ranking predicted targets of mammalian miRNAs according to either cumulative weighted context++ score (CWCS), which ranks based upon the predicted repression, or aggregate PCT score of the longest 3′-UTR isoform, which ranks based upon the confidence that targeting is evolutionarily conserved (Figure 7—figure supplement 1).
For each predicted target, the CWCS estimated the total repression expected from multiple sites to the same miRNA. This score was calculated using the 3′-UTR profiles to weight the marginal effect of each additional site to the miRNA while also taking into account the predicted mRNA depletion resulting from any downstream sites to the same miRNA. This approach was improved over that we used previously to calculate total wContext+ scores (Nam et al., 2014 (link)), in that it did not over-estimate the aggregate effect of multiple sites in distal isoforms. For each miRNA family, 8mer, 7mer-m8, 7mer-A1, and 6mer sites were first filtered to remove overlapping sites, and for each reference 3′ UTR, nonoverlapping sites to the same miRNA were numbered from 1 to n, starting at the distal end of the 3′ UTR. For each site i, from 1 to n, the cumulative predicted repression at that site (Ci) was calculated as Ci = C(i − 1) + (1 − 2CSi)(AIRi − C(i − 1)), in which CSi and AIRi were the context++ score and AIR of site i, and the (1 − 2CSi)(AIRi − C(i − 1)) term predicted the marginal repression of site i, in which the predicted repression at the site (1 − 2CSi) was modified based on the fraction of mRNAs containing that site (AIRi) as reduced by the mRNA depletion predicted to occur from the action of any more distal sites (C(i − 1), assigning C0 as 0). The CWCS was then calculated as log2(1 − Cn), in which Cn was the Ci at the most proximal site of the reference 3′ UTR. For each reference 3′ UTR, CWCSs were calculated for each member of a miRNA family, and the score from the member with the greatest predicted repression was chosen to represent that family, and the reference 3′ UTR with the most 3P-seq tags was chosen to represent the gene.
When scoring features that can vary with 3′-UTR length (Min_dist, Len_3UTR, and Off6m), a weighted score was used that accounted for the abundance of each 3′-UTR tandem isoform in which the site existed, as estimated from a compendium of 3P-seq datasets from the same species (Nam et al., 2014 (link)). Although 6mer sites are used to calculate cumulative weighted context++ scores, and 6mer sites are tallied in the tables, the locations of these 6mer sites are not displayed, and targets with only 6mer sites are not listed. When calculating PCT scores, the most abundant 3′-UTR isoform as defined by 3P-seq was used to determine the conservation bin to which the 3′ UTR belonged. Sites corresponding to poorly conserved and mammalian-conserved miRNA seed families or sites overlapping annotated ORF regions were assigned PCT scores of zero. For TargetScanFish, genome-wide alignment quality in zebrafish 3′ UTRs was not of sufficient quality to compute PCT scores, so a PCT value of zero was assigned to all sites when computing context++ scores. All PCT parameters and parameters for tree branch lengths and regression models, along with pre-computed context++ scores for human, mouse, zebrafish, and other vertebrate species are available for download (targetscan.org). Perl scripts using these parameters to compute context++ scores, weighted context++ scores, CWCSs, and aggregate PCT scores are also provided (targetscan.org). Predictions are also made for homologous 3′ UTRs of other vertebrate species, using either human-centric or mouse-centric 3′-UTR definitions and corresponding MSAs.
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Publication 2015
3' Untranslated Regions Dietary Supplements Family Member Genes Genome Homo sapiens Mammals Mice, House MicroRNAs Protein Isoforms Repression, Psychology RNA, Messenger Trees Vertebrates Zebrafish
In order to compare the sensitivity of protein model selection to the accuracy of the base tree, we generated 2400 individual alignments of 500 characters in length using each of the protein models available in Seq-Gen (100 alignments per model) fixing the proportion of invariable sites at 0.2 and the α parameter of the gamma distribution to 0.5 where appropriate and then performed model selection using three different base trees – the true tree, an NJ-JTT tree, and a randomly generated tree.
To further investigate the effect of using a distance-based tree for comparison rather than the fully optimised ML tree of each model, we obtained three real datasets from each of the Domains of life. The first dataset consists of 2135 gene families obtained from 25 complete proteobacteria genomes. The homologs were identified by performing all-against-all blast searches [48 ] of the 25 fully completed genomes with an e-value cutoff of 10-7. The sequences were aligned using ClustalW 1.81 [49 (link)] with the parameters unchanged from their default settings. The alignments were manually edited to remove badly aligned areas and large gapped areas. The second dataset consisted of amino acid sequences of 16 archaeal genomes retrieved from the COGENT database [50 (link)] and one (Haloarcula marismortui) from the NCBI. We identified gene families where all members of the family were capable of identifying all other members of the family during database searches (with an e-value cutoff of 10-7). Each of these families consisted of between 4 and 16 taxa and were aligned using ClustalW 1.81 using the default settings [49 (link)]. The final dataset is a previously published set of 118 vertebrate gene families which included representatives of all the major vertebrate groups obtained from the HOVERGEN database [51 (link)] with each alignment consisting of between 4 and 58 taxa [52 (link)]. For each dataset, we took a subset of 100 alignments and used Phyml [53 (link)] to construct fully optimised ML phylogenies with each of the available protein models and recorded the final likelihood of each individual phylogeny. We limited the ML analysis to 100 randomly-chosen alignments from each dataset due to excessive execution times for the full ML analyses. We took the final likelihood values produced by Phyml and determined the best-fit model and then compared the selected models with those produced by the NJ-JTT model selection procedure.
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Publication 2006
Amino Acid Sequence Character Family Member Gamma Rays Genes Genome Genome, Archaeal Haloarcula marismortui Hypersensitivity Proteins Proteobacteria Trees Vertebrates
The Religious Orders Study enrolls Catholic nuns, priests and brothers, from more than 40 groups across the United States (Figure 1). Participants are without known dementia and agree to annual clinical evaluation and brain donation (some in the Chicago area also agree to donate, spinal cord, nerve, and muscle). Each subject signs a consent form and an Anatomical Gift Act. The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Rush University Medical Center.
The study primarily recruits persons living communally, including employed (e.g., Teaching Orders) and retired (e.g., Missionary Orders) persons. The study includes three predominantly African American communities in New York, Baltimore, and New Orleans, and enrolls Hispanic sisters primarily from communities in and around San Antonio. All data collection forms have been translated into Spanish. Working with religious communities offers a number of advantages. First, they are altruistic and have a history of participating in research projects from which they may derive little to no personal benefit. Second, they live communally and loss of contact with participants is rare, facilitating the high follow-up and autopsy rates required to ensure internal study validity. Third, their wishes for organ donation are likely to be honored by the Superior and biological family members are unlikely to interfere with the participants’ written preference. Finally, the participants have similar education, socioeconomic and life experiences for most of their adult lives. This allows for tighter control of these potentially confounding variables in analyses of incident AD and cognitive decline.
The study design (Figure 2) supports the following analyses in a single dataset: 1) the association of neurobiologic indices with AD, MCI, and cognition proximate to death and over multiple years prior to death; 2) the association of risk factors for incident AD, incident MCI, and cognitive decline; and 3) the modeling of neurobiologic pathways linking risk factors to clinical phenotypes. The collection of parkinsonian signs and other measures of motor function allow for similar analyses to be conducted with motor function and decline, and disability.
Publication 2012
Adult African American Autopsy Biopharmaceuticals Brain Brothers Cognition Dementia Disabled Persons Disorders, Cognitive Ethics Committees, Research Family Member Hispanic or Latino Hispanics Life Experiences Missionaries Muscle Tissue Nervousness Nuns Organ Transplantation Phenotype Priests Roman Catholics Spinal Cord
Previous surveys on the psychological impacts of SARS and influenza outbreaks were reviewed [18 (link),21 (link),24 ]. Authors included additional questions related to the COVID-19 outbreak. The structured questionnaire consisted of questions that covered several areas: (1) demographic data; (2) physical symptoms in the past 14 days; (3) contact history with COVID-19 in the past 14 days; (4) knowledge and concerns about COVID-19; (5) precautionary measures against COVID-19 in the past 14 days; (6) additional information required with respect to COVID-19; (7) the psychological impact of the COVID-19 outbreak; and (8) mental health status.
Sociodemographic data were collected on gender, age, education, residential location in the past 14 days, marital status, employment status, monthly income, parental status, and household size. Physical symptom variables in the past 14 days included fever, chills, headache, myalgia, cough, difficulty in breathing, dizziness, coryza, sore throat, and persistent fever, as well as persistent fever and cough or difficulty breathing. Respondents were asked to rate their physical health status and state any history of chronic medical illness. Health service utilization variables in the past 14 days included consultation with a doctor in the clinic, admission to the hospital, being quarantined by a health authority, and being tested for COVID-19. Contact history variables included close contact with an individual with confirmed COVID-19, indirect contact with an individual with confirmed COVID-19, and contact with an individual with suspected COVID-19 or infected materials.
Knowledge about COVID-19 variables included knowledge about the routes of transmission, level of confidence in diagnosis, level of satisfaction of health information about COVID-19, the trend of new cases and death, and potential treatment for COVID-19 infection. Respondents were asked to indicate their source of information. The actual number of confirmed cases of COVID-19 and deaths in the city on the day of the survey were collected. Concern about COVID-19 variables included self and other family members contracting COVID-19 and the chance of surviving if infected.
Precautionary measures against COVID-19 variables included avoidance of sharing of utensils (e.g., chopsticks) during meals, covering mouth when coughing and sneezing, washing hands with soap, washing hands immediately after coughing, sneezing, or rubbing the nose, washing hands after touching contaminated objects, and wearing a mask regardless of the presence or absence of symptoms. The respondents were asked the average number of hours staying at home per day to avoid COVID-19. Respondents were also asked whether they felt too much -unnecessary worry had been made about the COVID-19 epidemic. Additional health information about COVID-19 needed by respondents included more information about symptoms after contraction of COVID-19, routes of transmission, treatment, prevention of the spread of COVID-19, local outbreaks, travel advice, and other measures imposed by other countries.
The psychological impact of COVID-19 was measured using the Impact of Event Scale-Revised (IES-R). The IES-R is a self-administered questionnaire that has been well-validated in the Chinese population for determining the extent of psychological impact after exposure to a public health crisis within one week of exposure [25 (link)]. This 22-item questionnaire is composed of three subscales and aims to measure the mean avoidance, intrusion, and hyperarousal [26 (link)]. The total IES-R score was divided into 0–23 (normal), 24–32 (mild psychological impact), 33–36 (moderate psychological impact), and >37 (severe psychological impact) [27 (link)].
Mental health status was measured using the Depression, Anxiety and Stress Scale (DASS-21) and calculations of scores were based on the previous study [28 (link)]. Questions 3, 5, 10, 13, 16, 17 and 21formed the depression subscale. The total depression subscale score was divided into normal (0–9), mild depression (10–12), moderate depression (13–20), severe depression (21–27), and extremely severe depression (28–42). Questions 2, 4, 7, 9, 15, 19, and 20 formed the anxiety subscale. The total anxiety subscale score was divided into normal (0–6), mild anxiety (7–9), moderate anxiety (10–14), severe anxiety (15–19), and extremely severe anxiety (20–42). Questions 1, 6, 8, 11, 12, 14, and 18 formed the stress subscale. The total stress subscale score was divided into normal (0–10), mild stress (11–18), moderate stress (19–26), severe stress (27–34), and extremely severe stress (35–42). The DASS has been demonstrated to be a reliable and valid measure in assessing mental health in the Chinese population [29 (link),30 (link)]. The DASS was previously used in research related to SARS [31 (link)].
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Publication 2020
Anxiety Chills Chinese Common Cold COVID 19 diacetoxyscirpenol Diagnosis Disease, Chronic Disease Outbreaks Epidemics Family Member Feelings Fever Gender Headache Households Influenza Mental Health Myalgia Nose Oral Cavity Parent Physical Examination Physicians Respiratory Diaphragm Satisfaction Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Sore Throat Transmission, Communicable Disease

Most recents protocols related to «Family Member»

Example 1

As a general procedure, shikonin or a composition comprising shikonin or a derivative thereof is formulated in capsules, optionally in combination with lecithin (phospholipids, comprising primarily phosphatidylcholine) (e.g., at a shikonin-to-lecithin weight ratio of about 1:1). The shikonin or derivative thereof may be substantially pure (from a synthetic or natural source) or a part of an extract of a plant, such as Lithospermum erythrorhizon, Arnebia euchroma or another member of the borage family.

Using the above general procedure, an extract of purple gromwell (Lithospermum erythrorhizon) root (zicao) was prepared using an appropriate solvent, followed by spray drying and sieving, to obtain a purple powder. 175 mg of the powdered purple gromwell extract, containing about 30% shikonin and/or derivatives thereof, was placed with an equal weight of lecithin (Lipoid® PS P 20×, obtained from Lipoid GmbH) in Capsugel® delayed release (DR) capsules.

As an alternative to capsules, a syrup was prepared comprising lecithin and shikonin (95% purity) at a 5:1 lecithin:shikonin ratio, 44% alcohol as solvent, and honey.

Based on literature reports, toxicity of shikonin is not expected at dosages of less than 8 grams per day.

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Patent 2024
Arnebia Borago Capsule Coronavirus Infections derivatives Ethanol Family Member Honey Lecithin Lithospermum Phospholipids Plant Extracts Plant Roots shikonin Solvents
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Example 4

Aim

The aim of the study was to evaluate the ability of selected CD40 and CEACAM5 targeting RUBY™ bsAbs to bind both their targets simultaneously as well as their potential cross-reactivity with additional members of the CEA protein family was evaluated by ELISA.

Materials and Methods

96-well plates were coated with 0.5 μg/mL antigen, hCEACAM-1 (2244-CM-050, R&D Systems), hCEACAM-5 (4128-CM-050, R&D Systems), hCEACAM-6 (3934-CM-050, R&D Systems) or CEACAM-8 (9639-CM-050, R&D Systems) in PBS over night at 4° C. After washing in PBS/0.05% Tween 20 (PBST), the plates were blocked with PBST, 2% BSA for at least 30 minutes at room temperature before a second round of washing. RUBY bsAbs, diluted in PBST, 0.5% BSA, were then added and allowed to bind for at least 1 hour at room temperature. After washing, plates were incubated with either 50 μl detection antibody (0.5 μg/ml HRP conjugated goat anti human-kappa light chain, #STAR127P, AbD Serotec) for analysis of binding to CEACAM protein family proteins or 0.5 μg/ml biotinylated hCD40-muIg (504-030, Ancell) followed by HRP conjugated streptavidin (21126, Pierce) for confirmation of dual antigen binding. Finally, a final round of washing was performed and bound complexes detected using SuperSignal Pico Luminescent as substrate and luminescence signals were measured using Fluostar Optima.

Results and Conclusions

All evaluated RUBY™ bsAbs was indeed able to bind to both CD40 and human CEACAM5 simultaneously (FIG. 2), although with varying potency. In general, bsAbs carrying 1132 as CD40 binding antibody (Multi46-Multi49) displayed lower potency in the dual target ELISA, as compared to bsAbs carrying G12_mut. Also, Multi38 displayed reduced dual target binding compared to other G12_mut based bsAbs, likely due to lower CEACAM5 binding of Fab6 than other evaluated CEACAM5 binding antibodies.

As can be seen in FIG. 3, a majority of the evaluated CD40 and CEACAM5 targeting RUBY™ bsAbs did not cross react with any of the other CEA family members evaluated. However, a limited number of the assayed bsAb did show significant cross-reactivity with CEACAM1 (Multi38, Multi39, Multi45 and Multi 49) or CEACAM6 (Multi40).

All in all, it can be concluded that all evaluated RUBY™ bsAbs have the ability to bind CD40 and CEACAM5 simultaneously and a majority of the set was specific for CEACAM5, with no or little detectable binding to other evaluated members of the CEA protein family.

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Patent 2024
Antibodies Antigens biliary glycoprotein I Binding Proteins Carcinoembryonic Antigen carcinoembryonic antigen-related cell adhesion molecule 6, human Cross Reactions Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Family Member Gene Products, Protein Goat Homo sapiens Immunoglobulin kappa-Chains Immunoglobulins Luminescence Streptavidin Tween 20 Vision
Face-to-face and door-to-door interviews were conducted with household heads after completing informed consent forms. Some general information within each household was collected, such as the head of the household’s age, education level (illiterate, primary, secondary, or high school, diploma, and college), employment status (unemployed, employed, self-employed, pensioner), the number of family members. Their socioeconomic status was calculated considering possession of 9 specific items, including home, personal vehicle, washing machine, LCD TV, dishwasher, refrigerator, handmade rug, laptop, and microwave. Based on the number of items possessed by households, the socioeconomic status was categorized into three groups, low (3 items or less), moderate (4 to 6 items), and high (more than 7 items) [25 ]. In addition, they were asked whether they had chronic diseases (at least one of the non-communicable diseases, such as diabetes, cardiovascular disease, kidney disease, and cancer), a vulnerable group member in the household (child under 6, adolescent, disabled member, pregnant, handicapped, and elderly), receive financial help from the charity, the portion of income allocated to food purchase, covid-19-induced poverty (including job loss, reduced income, and reduced food purchase), and marital status. The heads of households completed the validated HFIAS (Household Food Insecurity Access Scale) questionnaire to assess food insecurity [26 (link)]. The FAO Indicator Guide was used to score a nine-item HFIAS questionnaire [27 ]. The results were categorized into mild/moderate and severe to make the results more understandable and more appropriate for interventions for policymakers.
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Publication 2023
Adolescent Aged Cardiovascular Diseases Child COVID 19 Diabetes Mellitus Disease, Chronic Face Family Member Food Head of Household Households Kidney Diseases Malignant Neoplasms Microwaves Noncommunicable Diseases
In addition to the above, we collected the following data: 1) nursing home admission following CICW discharge (yes vs. no); 2) transfer to a different hospital or death during CICW stay; 3) length of CICW stay; 4) living and economic status before CICW admission, based on interview with participants or their family members; 5) MMSE score, based on cognitive function assessment by psychologists using the Japanese version of the MMSE (24 (link)); and 6) primary illness for hospitalization.
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Publication 2023
Cognition Family Member Hospitalization Japanese Mini Mental State Examination Patient Discharge
This single-center, prospective, observational cohort study included patients treated at the CICW of National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology in Japan between July 2015 and November 2020. This registry was completed in November 2020 because CICW was converted to a care ward for patients with COVID-19. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients or their family members, as appropriate. Ethical approval was obtained from the relevant Ethics Committee of Human Research of the National Center for Geriatrics and Gerontology, Japan (No. 830).
Participants registered in the CICW database sequentially during the study period were retrospectively screened. The database was developed for a registry study that focused to clarify the association between frailty and home admission. The database contained information of participants with informed consent and those who were not planned to be discharged from the CICW within 2 weeks, were not in the terminal stage of life, or did not have a pacemaker. The CICW database included the information regarding skeletal muscle mass by using bioelectrical impedance analysis (BIA). We excluded patients having a pacemaker because BIA can cause interference with the pacemakers.
The exclusion criteria of this research were visualized in Figure 1 and were as follows: (1) age under 65 years, (2) living in nursing homes before CICW admission, (3) length of hospitalization of less than 2 weeks, (4) Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) score not performed or of 9 or less, (14 (link)) and (5) missing measurements. Missing items of MMSE were replaced to 0, because these missing data represented the lacked ability to finish the item (e.g., fracture of the dominant hand, visual impairment or disturbance of consciousness). Of the screened 717 participants, 167 were excluded due to age under 65 years (n=10), living in a nursing home before CICW admission (n=38), CICW stay of less than 2 weeks (n=40), MMSE not performed or MMSE scores ≤9 (n=53), and missing data for Geriatric Depression Sacle 15 (GDS15) or the Mini Nutritional Assessment-Short Form (MNA-SF) or the Functional Independence Measure (FIM) completing all FRAIL-NH components (n=26). Finally, 550 older adults (258 with robust, 97 with prefrail, and 195 with frail status) were included in the analysis.

Flowchart of inclusion and exclusion for this study

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Publication 2023
Aged Bioelectrical Impedance Consciousness COVID 19 Ethics Committees, Research Family Member Fracture, Bone Homo sapiens Hospitalization Low Vision Mini Mental State Examination Pacemaker, Artificial Cardiac Patients Skeletal Muscles

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More about "Family Member"

Family members are the individuals related to a person through blood, marriage, or adoption.
This includes immediate relatives like parents, siblings, and children, as well as more distant kin such as grandparents, aunts, uncles, and cousins.
These family connections play a crucial role in a person's social, emotional, and often financial support systems.
Understanding the dynamics and interactions within a family can provide valuable insights into an individual's health, behavior, and overall well-being.
Researchers studying family structures, relationships, and their impact on various aspects of life can utilize terms like 'relatives,' 'kindred,' 'kin,' and 'household members' to facilitate more comprehensive and accurate analyses.
The HiSeq 2000, HiSeq 2500, and NovaSeq 6000 platforms are commonly used in genetic and genomic research, often in conjunction with tools like the QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, and RNeasy Mini Kit for nucleic acid extraction.
The BigDye Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit and SAS 9.4 software are also valuable resources for researchers investigating family-related topics.
By incorporating these technologies and techniques, scientists can gain deeper insights into the complex interplay between family dynamics and individual outcomes.