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Quadruplets

Quadruplets are a group of four offspring born at the same time to the same mother.
This rare phenomenon, occuring in approximately 1 in 800,000 births, is the result of the simultaneous development and implantation of four zygotes or the division of a single zygote into four embryos.
Quadruplet births pose unique challenges and require specialized medical care to ensure the health and survival of all four infants.
Researchers studying quadruplet development, genetics, and outcomes can leverage AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their research protocols, improve reproducibility, and identify the best products for their studies.

Most cited protocols related to «Quadruplets»

1
Upstate KIDS: Cohort Study of Infertility Treatment Exposure
The referent population for Upstate KIDS comprised all live births to Upstate New York resident mothers who delivered between July 2008 and May 2010, as captured in the State’s electronic Perinatal Data System (N=201,063). Upstate New York comprises 57 counties excluding the five New York City boroughs, and was selected as the referent population given its early inclusion of infertility treatment on birth certificates in 1996.25 (link) Live births were sampled for geographic representation by the State’s seven Regional Perinatal Networks and by plurality of birth (singleton or twin) using recruitment targets generated from the 2005–2007 live birth registries. This population based sampling strategy framework enables the estimation of sampling weights that can be applied for generalization to the State level.
A matched exposure cohort design was utilized. Specifically, infants whose birth certificates noted the use of infertility treatment were conceptualized as ‘exposed’ infants (n=4,024) and subsequently frequency-matched on maternal geographic residence and plurality of birth at a ratio of ≈1:3 to ‘unexposed’ infants, or those without any notation of infertility treatment (n=14,555). For twin pregnancies, one infant was randomly selected for inclusion in the primary cohort. However, the twin sibling of the index child was included in a secondary cohort so that mothers were able to report on both infants. Another cohort also included all higher order births (n=126 triplets, n=8 quadruplets) and was followed similarly to the primary cohort to answer more specific questions pertaining to multiples in subsequent publications. This paper focuses on the primary cohort only.
Following establishment of the primary cohort by the New York State Department of Health, the recruitment process commenced in September 2008 and continued through December 2010 with the mass mailing of introductory letters and study brochures to the targeted study population (n=18,479), whose infants were approximately 2–4 months of age by September 2008. Introductory letters stated that the Study was interested in women’s pregnancy histories along with childhood growth and development during the first three years of life. Approximately two weeks after each monthly mailing, follow-up telephone calls were undertaken to screen for eligibility: mother’s residence at birth and enrollment within the specified catchment area; ability to communicate in English or Spanish; and the index infant or its twin was currently alive. Interested mothers were sent a study packet, as were all mothers for whom no telephone contact could be made after a maximum of four attempts. Periodic postcard reminders and Facebook© or email messages were used to encourage the return of data collection instruments within the study timeframe for each developmental assessment. Telephone reminder calls were placed if study data collection instruments were outstanding ≥10 days. All materials were offered in English and Spanish. Enrollment was defined as receipt of signed parental consent.
Buck Louis G.M., Hediger M.L., Bell E.M., Kus C.A., Sundaram R., McLain A.C., Yeung E., Hills E.A., Thoma M.E, & Druschel C.M. (2014). Methodology for Establishing a Population-Based Birth Cohort Focusing on Couple Fertility and Children’s Development, the Upstate KIDS Study. Paediatric and perinatal epidemiology, 28(3), 191-202.
Publication 2014
Child Childbirth Eligibility Determination Generalization, Psychological Hispanic or Latino Infant Mothers Multiple Birth Offspring Pregnancy Quadruplets Sterility, Reproductive Target Population Triplets Twins Woman
2
Ancestry Streams in South America
To determine the minimum number of streams of ancestry contributing to Central and South American populations, we used the software qpWave (Reich et al., 2012 (link)) which assesses whether the set of f4-statistics of the form f4(A = South American 1, B = South American 2; X = outgroup 1, Y = outgroup 2), which is proportional to the product of allele frequencies summed over all SNPs (pA-pB)(pX-pY), forms a matrix that is consistent with different ranks (rank 0 would mean consistency with a single stream of ancestry relative to the outgroups; rank 1 would mean 2 streams of ancestry, and so on). The significance of the statistic is assessed using a Hotelling T2 test that appropriately corrects for the correlation structure of f4-statistics (and thus multiple hypothesis testing). For most analyses, we used ancient California individuals from Scheib et al. (2018) (link) (USA_MainlandChumash_1400BP, USA_SanFranciscoBay_300BP, USA_SanNicolas_4900BP, and USA_SanClemente-SantaCatalina_800BP), Chipewyan, Russia_MA1_24000BP (MA1), Anzick-1, Han, Papuan, Karelia Hunter Gatherer, and modern Mexican groups (Zapotec, Mixtec, Mixe, and Mayan) as outgroups. We also performed the analyses with different outgroups to determine the effect of outgroups on the results (for a detailed list, see Table S5). We used all possible pairs, triplets, and quadruplets of South American groups as test populations. We also tried different combinations of South American groups—up to 15 different groups together—as test populations. For qpWave analyses we used the default settings except for the change that we set allsnps: YES.
Posth C., Nakatsuka N., Lazaridis I., Skoglund P., Mallick S., Lamnidis T.C., Rohland N., Nägele K., Adamski N., Bertolini E., Broomandkhoshbacht N., Cooper A., Culleton B.J., Ferraz T., Ferry M., Furtwängler A., Haak W., Harkins K., Harper T.K., Hünemeier T., Lawson A.M., Llamas B., Michel M., Nelson E., Oppenheimer J., Patterson N., Schiffels S., Sedig J., Stewardson K., Talamo S., Wang C.C., Hublin J.J., Hubbe M., Harvati K., Nuevo Delaunay A., Beier J., Francken M., Kaulicke P., Reyes-Centeno H., Rademaker K., Trask W.R., Robinson M., Gutierrez S.M., Prufer K.M., Salazar-García D.C., Chim E.N., Müller Plumm Gomes L., Alves M.L., Liryo A., Inglez M., Oliveira R.E., Bernardo D.V., Barioni A., Wesolowski V., Scheifler N.A., Rivera M.A., Plens C.R., Messineo P.G., Figuti L., Corach D., Scabuzzo C., Eggers S., DeBlasis P., Reindel M., Méndez C., Politis G., Tomasto-Cagigao E., Kennett D.J., Strauss A., Fehren-Schmitz L., Krause J, & Reich D. (2018). Reconstructing the Deep Population History of Central and South America. Cell, 175(5), 1185-1197.e22.
Publication 2018
Population Group Quadruplets Single Nucleotide Polymorphism South American People Triplets
3
Measurement of Telomere Length by Quantitative PCR
The telomere length measurement assay was adapted from the published original method by Cawthon (2 (link),3 (link)). The telomere thermal cycling profile consisted of: Cycling for T (telomeric) PCR: denature at 96°C for 1 s, anneal at 54°C for 60 s, with fluorescence data collection, 30 cycles. Cycling for S (single copy gene) PCR: denature at 95°C for 15 s, anneal at 58°C for 1 s, extend at 72°C for 20 s, eight cycles; followed by denature at 96°C for 1 s, anneal at 58°C for 1 s, extend at 72°C for 20 s, hold at 83°C for 5 s with data collection, 35 cycles.
The primers for the telomere PCR were tel1b [5′-CGGTTT(GTTTGG)5GTT-3′], used at a final concentration of 100 nM, and tel2b [5′-GGCTTG(CCTTAC)5CCT-3′], used at a final concentration of 900 nM. The primers for the single-copy gene (human beta-globin) PCR were hbg1 [5′ GCTTCTGACACAACTGTGTTCACTAGC-3′], used at a final concentration of 300 nM, and hbg2 [5′-CACCAACTTCATCCACGTTCACC-3′], used at a final concentration of 700 nM. The final reaction mix contained 20 mM Tris–HCl, pH 8.4; 50 mM KCl; 200 µM each dNTP; 1% DMSO; 0.4× Syber Green I; 22 ng Escherichia coli DNA per reaction; 0.4 U of Platinum Taq DNA polymerase (Invitrogen Inc.) per 11 µl reaction; 0.5–10 ng of genomic DNA. Tubes containing 26, 8.75, 2.9, 0.97, 0.324 and 0.108 ng of a reference DNA (from Hela cancer cells) were included in each PCR run so that the quantity of targeted templates in each sample was determined relative to the reference DNA sample by the standard curve method. Each concentration of the reference DNA was run as quadruplets and samples were run as triplicates.
To control for inter-assay variability, eight control DNA samples from cancer cell lines were included in each run. The cell lines included 293T, H1299, UMUC3 and UMUC3 cells infected with a lentiviral construct containing the telomerase RNA gene to extend telomeres harvested at various population doublings after infection. In each assay batch, the T/S ratio of each control DNA was divided by the average T/S for the same DNA from 10 runs to obtain a normalizing factor. This was done for all eight samples and the average normalizing factor for all eight samples was used to correct the participant DNA samples to obtain the final T/S ratio.
The T/S ratio for each sample was measured twice. In this procedure, when the duplicate T/S value and the initial value varied by >7%, the sample was run a third time and the average of two closest values was reported. Typically, in cohorts from human clinical studies, ∼15% of samples have needed to be assayed the third time.
Aviv A., Hunt S.C., Lin J., Cao X., Kimura M, & Blackburn E. (2011). Impartial comparative analysis of measurement of leukocyte telomere length/DNA content by Southern blots and qPCR. Nucleic Acids Research, 39(20), e134.
Publication 2011
beta-Globins Cell Lines Cells Escherichia coli Factor VIII Fluorescence Genes Genome HeLa Cells Homo sapiens Infection Malignant Neoplasms Oligonucleotide Primers Platinum Quadruplets Sulfoxide, Dimethyl Taq Polymerase telomerase RNA component Telomere Tromethamine
4
Whole-Genome Sequencing of Bordetella Isolates
We sequenced a set of 55 isolates (Technical Appendix 1 Table 1). Of these, 24 isolates corresponded to 11 related groups of isolates: 8 isolates originated from 4 different pairs of intrafamilial transmission cases and 16 isolates corresponded to multiple isolates collected from 7 patients (6 pairs and 1 quadruplet); 30 corresponded to a random selection of temporally cocirculating isolates. We used as reference the Tohama isolate (GenBank accession no. NC_002929).
We grew isolates at 36°C for 72 hours on Bordet-Gengou agar (Becton Dickinson, Le Pont de Claix, France) supplemented with 15% defibrinated horse blood (BioMérieux, Marcy l’Étoile, France) and subcultured them in the same medium for 24 hours. We suspended the bacteria in physiologic salt to reach an optical density at 650 nm of 1, and pelleted 400 μL. We suspended the pellets in 100 μL of 1× phosphate-buffered saline, 100 μL of lysis buffer (Roche), and 40 μL of proteinase K; heated them at 65°C for 10 minutes and then at 95°C for 10 minutes; and used them for DNA extraction.
Bouchez V., Guglielmini J., Dazas M., Landier A., Toubiana J., Guillot S., Criscuolo A, & Brisse S. (2018). Genomic Sequencing of Bordetella pertussis for Epidemiology and Global Surveillance of Whooping Cough. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 24(6), 988-994.
Publication 2018
Agar Bacterial Physiological Phenomena Blood Buffers Endopeptidase K Equus caballus Patients Pellets, Drug Phosphates Quadruplets Saline Solution Sodium Chloride Transmission, Communicable Disease
5
Quantifying mRNA and miRNA Levels in Human Brain Tissue

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Publication 2016
Autopsy Biological Assay Brain Freezing GAPDH protein, human Genes Homo sapiens MicroRNAs Oligonucleotide Primers Oligonucleotides Quadruplets Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Messenger RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Tissues

Most recents protocols related to «Quadruplets»

1
IVF Live Birth Outcomes in UK
We included women who had at least one singleton live birth resulting from a fresh embryo transferred following IVF (including ICSI) treatment in the UK between 2000 and 2017. Babies born following frozen-thawed ET were excluded from the study since day of ET was not available for frozen cycles in the HFEA dataset. As blastocyst stage transfers were infrequent before 2000, we restricted our sample to women treated between 2000 and 2017. We included live born infants whose gestational age was 22 weeks or more, with a minimum birthweight of 500 g. We excluded still births, births in women under 18 years or over 50 years of age, and those involving oocyte donation, embryo donation, preimplantation genetic testing, or surrogacy. Cycles where more than three embryos were transferred were excluded as many of these resulted in triplet and quadruplet births. Births resulting from ETs on Day 6 were excluded as these only involved frozen embryos.
Raja E.A., Bhattacharya S., Maheshwari A, & McLernon D.J. (2023). A comparison of perinatal outcomes following fresh blastocyst or cleavage stage embryo transfer in singletons and twins and between singleton siblings. Human Reproduction Open, 2023(2), hoad003.
Publication 2023
Birth Weight Blastocyst Transfer Childbirth Embryo Embryo Donation Freezing Gestational Age Infant Oocyte Donation Quadruplets Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic Triplets Woman
2
Perceptual Timing Judgment Tasks
All participants completed both visual and auditory tasks, in separate blocks, counterbalanced across participants. Each trial started with a 500-ms blank period (with no stimulus, besides the fixation point). Then, a visual or auditory test stimulus was presented. The duration of the test stimulus was one of five logarithmically spaced intervals of time, between 300 and 900 ms (i.e., 300, 395, 520, 684, 900 ms). Before beginning each block, participants were presented with five or more visual (or auditory) reference stimuli with duration 520 ms (the geometric mean of the test stimuli durations). They were instructed to remember the reference duration and to make subsequent judgments regarding test stimuli relative to the reference duration (the PSE values in Additional file 1: Fig. S6 confirm that participants indeed complied with this instruction). Before beginning the task, participants were allowed to continue to experience the reference stimulus repeatedly, until they were confident that they had remembered the reference duration. Once the block began, participants could no longer experience the reference stimulus.
Participants reported their choice on each trial after the stimulus had ended by pressing one of two keyboard buttons. The button-choice contingency was counterbalanced across participants: half the participants pressed the “F” button with their left index finger and the “J” button with their right index finger to indicate longer and shorter test durations, respectively, while the other half responded with the reverse mapping. Participants were instructed to make each response as quickly and accurately as possible. To ensure an equal number of consecutive stimulus pairs, while retaining a long-term pseudorandom structure, the order of stimulus presentation was determined by a pseudorandom 54 de Bruijn sequence. This creates an optimally short (pseudorandom) sequence of stimuli (625 trials total) in which each contiguous subsequence of 4 stimuli (from the 5 possible stimulus intervals) occurs exactly once [68 (link)]. Accordingly, each individual stimulus occurred 125 times, each possible pair occurred 25 times, each possible triplet occurred 5 times, and each quadruplet occurred once (per block).
Li B., Wang B, & Zaidel A. (2023). Modality-specific sensory and decisional carryover effects in duration perception. BMC Biology, 21, 48.
Publication 2023
Auditory Perception Fingers Hearing Tests Quadruplets Self Confidence Triplets
3
Evaluating Venetoclax-based Regimens in Multiple Myeloma
We assessed the quality of the included studies using the modified Downs and Black checklist, which has a total score of 28. Two reviewers (L.X. and S.L.) assessed the study quality independently, and disagreements were resolved by consensus. Studies with scores of 24–28, 19–23, 14–18, and ≧13 were considered excellent, good, fair, and poor, respectively.10 (link),11 Response rates and 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were pooled using the random-effects models. We also performed subgroup analyses and meta-regression based on drug combinations (monotherapy, doublet, triplet, quadruplet, or mixed), median PLOT (≧3, 4–5, or ≧6), study types (prospective or retrospective), and median venetoclax daily dose (<800 mg or ≧800 mg).
To compare the efficacy of venetoclax-based regimens between patients with and without t(11;14), pooled relative risks (RRs) and hazard ratios (HRs) were used to evaluate response rates and survival outcomes, respectively. As the HRs and the corresponding 95% CIs could not be directly extracted from the included articles, we extracted data from the Kaplan–Meier survival curve in the papers and used the log-rank test to obtain them.12 (link) The random-effects model was used for the pooled RRs and HRs.
We used the Q test and I2 statistic to evaluate the between-study heterogeneity. I2 values of 0–25%, 25–75%, and >75% were defined as low, moderate, and high degrees of heterogeneity.13 (link) Publication bias was assessed by the visual inspection of the funnel plot and Egger’s test. To evaluate the stability of the results, sensitivity analysis was performed by removing one study at a time and repeating the meta-analysis. All the analyses were conducted using STATA 15.0 software with packages metan, metaprop, metareg, metafunnel, metainf, and metabias. p value < 0.05 was considered to have statistical significance.
Xu L., Lin S., Xing X, & Su Y. (2023). Efficacy and safety of venetoclax-based regimens for the treatment of relapsed/refractory multiple myeloma: a systemic review and meta-analysis. Therapeutic Advances in Hematology, 14, 20406207231155028.
Publication 2023
Drug Combinations Genetic Heterogeneity Hypersensitivity Patients Quadruplets Treatment Protocols Triplets venetoclax
4
Seeded Aggregation Assay for α-Synuclein
SAAs were performed in two different buffer conditions,
one of low ionic strength (10 mM Tris, 10 mM NaCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, pH
7.4) and another of high ionic strength (10 mM Na2HPO4, 1.8 mM KH2PO4, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM
KCl, pH 7.4). The αS reactant was filtered through an Anotop
10 mm Whatman 0.02 μm filter, and the protein concentration
in the SAA was set to 22 μM. The samples were spiked with preformed
seeds at the equivalent monomer concentrations given in the main text.
To monitor seed amplification, a total of 22 μM of ThT was added.
The experiments were performed in 96-well polystyrene microplates
(Nunc, Prod. No. 655096) and covered with a seal (Nunc, Prod. No.
676070). The sample volume was 200 μL, and the experiments were
performed in quadruplet. Seed amplification was monitored for 1000
cycles at 37 °C with each cycle consisting of five repetitions
of 1 min of orbital shaking at 355 rpm and 1 min of no shaking in
a plate reader (Infinite M200 PRO fluorescence plate reader, Tecan).
The fluorescence intensity (excitation and emission wavelength of
458 and 485 nm, respectively) was measured from the bottom of the
plate at the beginning of each new cycle with a gain setting of 100
to obtain αS aggregation curves for each individual well.
To quantify seed amplification, we calculated the time-averaged aggregation
curves for each seed concentration and experimental condition. The
individual aggregation curves were normalized to the plateau ThT intensity
values. For every 1% intensity increase, we determined the nearest
timepoint in each individual aggregation curve. We use this new data
set to determine the mean time and the standard deviation for each
intensity value.
The SAAs were also performed in human serum
and diluted human serum
following the same protocol. By adding αS reactant and seeds,
the serum was diluted by 10%. For the experiments in diluted serum,
serum was diluted 70 times in the high ionic strength buffer (10 mM
Na2HPO4, 1.8 mM KH2PO4, 137 mM NaCl, 2.7 mM
KCl, pH 7.4) before adding αS reactant and seeds.
Vaneyck J., Yousif T.A., Segers-Nolten I., Blum C, & Claessens M.M. (2023). Quantitative Seed Amplification Assay: A Proof-of-Principle Study. The Journal of Physical Chemistry. B, 127(8), 1735-1743.
Publication 2023
Buffers Cytochrome P-450 CYP2B1 Edetic Acid Fluorescence Homo sapiens M-200 Phocidae Plant Embryos Polystyrenes Proteins Quadruplets Serum Serum Amyloid A Protein Sodium Chloride Tromethamine
5
Validating Pregnancy Surveillance Data
Women aged 18–55 years with an estimated LMP date (i.e., pregnancy start date) and pregnancy end date between 01 January 2016 and 31 December 2017 were identified. This time period was chosen because this validation study was conducted as background for surveillance that began in 2018. The population was limited to women who had continuous medical and pharmacy benefit coverage for a minimum of 6 months prior to their estimated LMP date (i.e., the baseline period) through to the end of pregnancy. Within this study population, the infant study population was identified among pregnancies for which the mother and infant data could be linked.
The ORD contains data from health plans that contract for “administrative services only”; access to medical records was not allowed for patients enrolled in these health plans. As this study required medical record review, women and infants who were enrolled in “administrative services only” plans were excluded from the study population, and the study outcomes were identified among those remaining (Fig. 1a, b).

a Cohort creation flow diagram for women/pregnancies. DAPI Dynamic Assessment of Pregnancies and Infants, LMP last menstrual period. aHave continuous medical and pharmacy benefit coverage for a minimum of 6 months (182 days) prior to and including the estimated LMP through the end of pregnancy. bEarliest LMP occurring on or after 01JAN2016; end of pregnancy ending by 31DEC2017. cThis step determines women for whom Optum can seek medical charts for the pregnancy and outcome, assessed at the pregnancy episode level. Pregnancies among women enrolled in administrative services only plans were excluded because access to medical records was not allowed for patients in these plans. The final study population consisted only of women with pregnancies for whom Optum could seek medical charts. b Cohort creation flow diagram for infants. aSee Figure 1a for details of the study population creation. bThis is “multi-gestation” pregnancies that have livebirth(s) and stillbirth(s) (e.g. twins, one liveborn and one stillborn; quadruplets, some liveborn). cIncludes stillbirths, ectopic, molar, and abortions (“spontaneous,” “elective,” and “other” per DAPI definitions). dLinked pregnancies are pregnancies for which the mother and infant data could be linked. Forty-one linked infants were from pregnancies ending in a non-livebirth, possibly representing misclassification of how these pregnancies ended. eThis step determines infants for whom Optum can seek medical charts. Infants enrolled in administrative services only plans were excluded because access to medical records was not allowed for patients in these plans. The final study population consisted only of infants for whom Optum could seek medical charts

Each pregnancy was followed from the day after the estimated LMP date through to the first of the following: 60 days after the date of end of pregnancy, disenrollment from the health plan, or end of the study period. Infants who were linked to their mothers were followed from the estimated date of delivery through to the first of the following: disenrollment from the health plan, or end of the study period.
Chomistek A.K., Phiri K., Doherty M.C., Calderbank J.F., Chiuve S.E., McIlroy B.H., Snabes M.C., Enger C, & Seeger J.D. (2023). Development and Validation of ICD-10-CM-based Algorithms for Date of Last Menstrual Period, Pregnancy Outcomes, and Infant Outcomes. Drug Safety, 46(2), 209-222.
Publication 2023
DAPI Health Planning Induced Abortions Infant Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Menstruation Molar Mothers Obstetric Delivery Patients Pregnancy Quadruplets Twins Woman

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More about "Quadruplets"

Quadruplets, a rare and remarkable phenomenon, are a group of four offspring born simultaneously to the same mother.
This extraordinary occurrence, happening in approximately 1 in 800,000 births, is the result of either the simultaneous development and implantation of four zygotes or the division of a single zygote into four embryos.
Researchers studying quadruplet development, genetics, and outcomes can leverage powerful AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their research protocols, enhance reproducibility, and identify the best products for their studies.
PubCompare.ai's cutting-edge technology enables researchers to easily locate and compare protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, ensuring their studies are built on the most robust and reliable methods.
When it comes to quadruplet research, specialized medical care is essential to ensure the health and survival of all four infants.
Researchers may utilize various laboratory techniques and reagents, such as Avance 400 NMR spectrometers, IScriptTM Reverse Transcription Supermix for qPCR, High-Capacity cDNA Reverse Transcription Kits, Silica gel 60 F254 for chromatography, Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) for cell culture, GraphPad Prism 7 or Prism 8 for data analysis, and anhydrous solvents like DMSO to maintain the integrity of their samples.
By leveraging the power of AI and cutting-edge research tools, scientists can unlock new insights, improve the quality and reproducibility of their quadruplet studies, and ultimately contribute to the advancement of our understanding of this rare and fascinating phenomenon.