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Wife
Wife
Wives are the female partners in a marriage.
They may play a variety of roles, such as homemaker, caregiver, or professional, depending on individual circumstances and cultural expectations.
Wives often provide emotional and practical support to their husbands, and may be involved in decision-making and the management of household affairs.
The specific duties and responsibilities of wives can vary widely across different societies and time periods.
Researching the experiences and perspectives of wives can offer valuable insights into family dynamics, gender roles, and social trends.
They may play a variety of roles, such as homemaker, caregiver, or professional, depending on individual circumstances and cultural expectations.
Wives often provide emotional and practical support to their husbands, and may be involved in decision-making and the management of household affairs.
The specific duties and responsibilities of wives can vary widely across different societies and time periods.
Researching the experiences and perspectives of wives can offer valuable insights into family dynamics, gender roles, and social trends.
Most cited protocols related to «Wife»
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome
Anus
Child
Females
Heterosexuals
HIV
HIV-1
HIV Infections
Homosexuals
Husband
Males
Mothers
Transmission, Communicable Disease
Wife
The SWPER Global was developed using similar methods to what was done for the SWPER for Africa. In that case, we used 15 items available in DHS surveys (see Table 2 Table 2
Considering the expert workshop recommendations (Panel 1), we excluded the item that indicates whether the woman worked in the last year and changed the categorization of the decision-making related variables, so that equal weights were given for joint decisions (with the partner or another person) and woman’s sole decision (Table 2
Considering the expert workshop recommendations (Panel 1), we excluded the item that indicates whether the woman worked in the last year and changed the categorization of the decision-making related variables, so that equal weights were given for joint decisions (with the partner or another person) and woman’s sole decision (
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Burns
Child
Food
Garbage
Households
Husband
Joints
Negroid Races
Wife
Woman
Women, Working
The DREAM (Diabetes Research, Education, and Action for Minorities) Project employed a two-arm randomized, controlled trial design. Individuals were eligible to participate in the intervention if they self-identified as Bangladeshi, were between 21 and 75 years of age, resided in the NYC metropolitan area, and had a diagnosis of type 2 diabetes defined by an A1C ≥6.5%, as verified by medical record. Individuals were excluded from participation if they reported being on renal dialysis, had an acute or terminal illness or serious mental illness, had a recent history of an acute medical problem or admission to a hospital, had a poor short-term prognosis, had previously participated in a similar intervention, or had plans to move away or travel outside the United States for an extended period of time. All participants provided written informed consent before study enrollment. Human subjects approval was obtained in 2011, and the trial was registered at ClinicalTrials.gov (identifier: NCT02041598).
Participants were recruited from March 2011 through February 2016 through clinic and community settings. After providing consent and completing a screening survey, participants were stratified by sex and age (≥50 or <50 years) and randomized to either the intervention or control group using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, versions 21.0 and 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y.) in a 1:1 ratio; spousal/familial dyads were randomized to the same study arm based on assignment of the wife or original enrollee. Multiple randomizations took place within each round of recruitment, with a total of seven recruitment and intervention rounds.
The intervention was delivered by four trained, bilingual Bangladeshi CHWs—two male and two female—who were active leaders in the community of interest. The intervention consisted of five 2-hour monthly group educational sessions and two one-on-one visits lasting ∼90 min each. The intervention curriculum was culturally and linguistically adapted for Bangladeshi community members based on an existing diabetes management curriculum validated in other minority communities (27 (link)). Participants randomized to the control group were invited to attend only the first educational group session, which provided an overview of type 2 diabetes. The subsequent four sessions included group-based education on nutrition and healthy eating, the importance of and strategies for increasing physical activity, potential complications of type 2 diabetes and preventive self-care, and stress management and family support related to diabetes management. All intervention sessions and materials were delivered in Bengali and held in clinical and community settings. Two one-on-one visits were held during the 6-month intervention period at locations convenient to participants, including their home, before or after a doctor’s visit, or another mutually agreed upon location. At these sessions, CHWs engaged in individualized goal-setting for health behavior change and provided culturally appropriate referrals to care as needed. Participant recruitment, CHW recruitment and training, and intervention content and delivery have been previously described in greater detail (19 (link)).
Participants were recruited from March 2011 through February 2016 through clinic and community settings. After providing consent and completing a screening survey, participants were stratified by sex and age (≥50 or <50 years) and randomized to either the intervention or control group using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, versions 21.0 and 22.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, N.Y.) in a 1:1 ratio; spousal/familial dyads were randomized to the same study arm based on assignment of the wife or original enrollee. Multiple randomizations took place within each round of recruitment, with a total of seven recruitment and intervention rounds.
The intervention was delivered by four trained, bilingual Bangladeshi CHWs—two male and two female—who were active leaders in the community of interest. The intervention consisted of five 2-hour monthly group educational sessions and two one-on-one visits lasting ∼90 min each. The intervention curriculum was culturally and linguistically adapted for Bangladeshi community members based on an existing diabetes management curriculum validated in other minority communities (27 (link)). Participants randomized to the control group were invited to attend only the first educational group session, which provided an overview of type 2 diabetes. The subsequent four sessions included group-based education on nutrition and healthy eating, the importance of and strategies for increasing physical activity, potential complications of type 2 diabetes and preventive self-care, and stress management and family support related to diabetes management. All intervention sessions and materials were delivered in Bengali and held in clinical and community settings. Two one-on-one visits were held during the 6-month intervention period at locations convenient to participants, including their home, before or after a doctor’s visit, or another mutually agreed upon location. At these sessions, CHWs engaged in individualized goal-setting for health behavior change and provided culturally appropriate referrals to care as needed. Participant recruitment, CHW recruitment and training, and intervention content and delivery have been previously described in greater detail (19 (link)).
ARID1A protein, human
Complications of Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus
Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent
Diagnosis
Dreams
Hemodialysis
Homo sapiens
Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy
Males
Mental Disorders
Minority Groups
Obstetric Delivery
Physicians
Prognosis
Wife
Woman
A cross-sectional study was carried out in different twenty village development committees (VDCs) and one municipality of Kathmandu district which is the central part of Nepal. The study was conducted between May and December 2010. The study inclusion criteria were: a married male of a household head whose wife had given birth to at least one child, and his willingness to participate in the study.
A two-staged cluster sampling technique was used. The clusters were selected in the first stage and respondents were selected in the second stage. A total of twenty village development committees (VDCs) and one municipality were randomly selected from the Kathmandu district. A cluster was a group of households in the same geographical area. In this study a cluster consisted of between 50 and 300 households. Firstly the wards for each selected village development committees and municipality were listed in ascending order. Where wards had more than 400 households, those wards were divided into sub wards. If wards had less than 50 households, they were merged with neighboring wards to make one cluster with between 50 and 300 households. One ward from each VDCs and municipality were selected as a cluster. Twenty one clusters were selected using probability proportionate to the number of households. To reach sampled household heads in 21 clusters, 100 household heads from each cluster of VDCs and 200 household heads from municipality were taken for interview as a sample. Among the total 2200 household heads, 22 were refused to take participation in the study. Hence the total sample size was estimated to be 2178 men. Household heads were interviewed within the cluster using interval sampling. Interview was started from the central part of the cluster and household heads selected randomly.
A structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire were used to collect the data on i) socio-demographic variables such as age, education level, income, ethnicity, religion and employment status, which were the predictors; ii) participation in birth process, such as accompanied with wives on ANC visit; iii) birth plans, based on the number of arrangements the male had made, including money saved for delivery, arranged transportation, arranged skilled birth attendance (SBA); and iv) encouraged exclusive breast feeding and accompanied for child immunization. The primary end point was male involvement in ANC, birth plans, exclusive breast feeding and immunization.
Data was analyzed to provide frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and means and standard deviations for numerical variables. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression (stepwise backward likelihood ratio method) was conducted to analyze factors that were associated with male involvement in ANC, birth plans, immunization, breast feeding, while assessing for interaction and collinearity. In both the univariate and multivariate analyses, P value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. The Hosmer and Lemeshow test was used to assess “goodness of fit” of the models and the likelihood ratio test to assess the relative contribution of terms entered into the model. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to add the variables in the equations in the process of stepwise model. Religion with accompanied for ANC; ethnicity, religion and employment with accompanied for immunization were removed in the adjusted analysis. The data was summarized and the odds ratios (ORs) estimated; and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed. Ethical clearance was provided by the institutional review committee of State University of Bangladesh (approval no. 12/09/010) and Nepal Health Research Council. Ethical guidelines were followed and participants were recruited after getting informed written consent. The data was cleaned and cross-checked daily before and after data entry for completeness and accuracy. The analysis was done in SPSS 16.0 version.
A two-staged cluster sampling technique was used. The clusters were selected in the first stage and respondents were selected in the second stage. A total of twenty village development committees (VDCs) and one municipality were randomly selected from the Kathmandu district. A cluster was a group of households in the same geographical area. In this study a cluster consisted of between 50 and 300 households. Firstly the wards for each selected village development committees and municipality were listed in ascending order. Where wards had more than 400 households, those wards were divided into sub wards. If wards had less than 50 households, they were merged with neighboring wards to make one cluster with between 50 and 300 households. One ward from each VDCs and municipality were selected as a cluster. Twenty one clusters were selected using probability proportionate to the number of households. To reach sampled household heads in 21 clusters, 100 household heads from each cluster of VDCs and 200 household heads from municipality were taken for interview as a sample. Among the total 2200 household heads, 22 were refused to take participation in the study. Hence the total sample size was estimated to be 2178 men. Household heads were interviewed within the cluster using interval sampling. Interview was started from the central part of the cluster and household heads selected randomly.
A structured, interviewer-administered questionnaire were used to collect the data on i) socio-demographic variables such as age, education level, income, ethnicity, religion and employment status, which were the predictors; ii) participation in birth process, such as accompanied with wives on ANC visit; iii) birth plans, based on the number of arrangements the male had made, including money saved for delivery, arranged transportation, arranged skilled birth attendance (SBA); and iv) encouraged exclusive breast feeding and accompanied for child immunization. The primary end point was male involvement in ANC, birth plans, exclusive breast feeding and immunization.
Data was analyzed to provide frequencies and percentages for categorical variables and means and standard deviations for numerical variables. Univariate and multivariate logistic regression (stepwise backward likelihood ratio method) was conducted to analyze factors that were associated with male involvement in ANC, birth plans, immunization, breast feeding, while assessing for interaction and collinearity. In both the univariate and multivariate analyses, P value of less than 0.05 was considered as significant. The Hosmer and Lemeshow test was used to assess “goodness of fit” of the models and the likelihood ratio test to assess the relative contribution of terms entered into the model. P-value of less than 0.05 was considered to add the variables in the equations in the process of stepwise model. Religion with accompanied for ANC; ethnicity, religion and employment with accompanied for immunization were removed in the adjusted analysis. The data was summarized and the odds ratios (ORs) estimated; and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) were computed. Ethical clearance was provided by the institutional review committee of State University of Bangladesh (approval no. 12/09/010) and Nepal Health Research Council. Ethical guidelines were followed and participants were recruited after getting informed written consent. The data was cleaned and cross-checked daily before and after data entry for completeness and accuracy. The analysis was done in SPSS 16.0 version.
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Child
Childbirth
Ethnicity
Genetic Processes
Head
Head of Household
Households
Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy
Interviewers
Males
Obstetric Delivery
Vaccination
Wife
Women’s empowerment was used as the main focal predictor in this study. The components of women’s empowerment included: 1) Labour force participation (current employment status), 2) Disagreement with reasons to justify wife beating (reasons such as; burning food, neglect of children, refusal to have sex with husband, visitations without permission from husband and argument with husband). 3) Decision-making power (measured by visiting family members, respondent’s health care, house earning and household purchases) 4) Knowledge level (education level, read the newspaper, listen to the radio and watch television). This is consistent with the methods by previous authors [8 ]. Other explanatory variables included: current age (years) of a respondent (15–19, 20–24, 25–29, 30–34. 35–39, 40–44, 45-49 years), place of residence (urban vs rural), sex of household head (male vs female), wealth index (poorest, poorer, middle, richer, richest), age at first birth, number of children ever born, and husband’s education.
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Auditory Perception
Child
Childbirth
Family Member
Females
Food
Head of Household
Households
Husband
Males
Neglect, Child
Wife
Woman
Most recents protocols related to «Wife»
Characteristics of the study population were presented as the mean ± SD or median (IQR) for continuous variables and the number (frequency) for categorical variables according to sex. Student’s t tests or Wilcoxon rank sum tests were used to compare the differences between groups for continuous variables. The χ2 test was used to compare the differences between groups for categorical variables. Concordance for cardiovascular risk factors was defined as a case in which both spouses had the same response for a category of variables.
The univariate Spearman correlation coefficient (r) and the Phi coefficient were used to assess the correlations of continuous and categorical variables within couples, respectively. Spousal correlations for metabolic indicators (BMI, SBP, DBP, FBG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, and UA) might emerge because of the associations of these indicators with age. Therefore, we fitted a regression of metabolic indicators against age and derived the residual for these indicators adjusted for individuals’ age. We then used the residuals to calculate the spousal correlations in the metabolic indicators; namely, the correlation coefficients were corrected for the age of both partners (Model 1). Since previous studies reported that BMI is a surrogate for assortative mating [22 (link)], we further adjusted the BMI of both spouses in Model 2 using the same method.
The χ2 test was performed to explore the crude association of cardiovascular risk factors between couples. The odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models to indicate the spousal association for each given cardiovascular risk factor. The multivariable model of lifestyle factors adjusted the age, education, annual income, and geographic regions of the individuals. The multivariable model of cardiometabolic disease was further adjusted for individuals’ smoking, drinking, leisure-time physical activity, and overweight/obesity status. Family history of hypertension and diabetes was additionally adjusted in the models of hypertension and diabetes, respectively. Spousal similarity was defined as r > 0 and its corresponding p value <0.05 for continuous variables and ORs >1 and their corresponding 95% CIs excluding 1 for categorical variables.
To explore potential changes in spousal similarities with age, roughly representing marriage duration, subgroup analyses were performed according to the individuals’ age (20–50 years, ≥50 years). Multiplicative interaction was calculated by cross-product interaction terms in multivariable logistic regression models. A sensitivity analysis was performed, excluding couples with an age difference ≥5 years, to evaluate the robustness of the results.
All analyses were performed separately for husbands and wives. The significance level was set as a 2-sided p value < 0.05. SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, United States.) was used to conduct all analyses.
The univariate Spearman correlation coefficient (r) and the Phi coefficient were used to assess the correlations of continuous and categorical variables within couples, respectively. Spousal correlations for metabolic indicators (BMI, SBP, DBP, FBG, TC, HDL-C, LDL-C, TG, and UA) might emerge because of the associations of these indicators with age. Therefore, we fitted a regression of metabolic indicators against age and derived the residual for these indicators adjusted for individuals’ age. We then used the residuals to calculate the spousal correlations in the metabolic indicators; namely, the correlation coefficients were corrected for the age of both partners (Model 1). Since previous studies reported that BMI is a surrogate for assortative mating [22 (link)], we further adjusted the BMI of both spouses in Model 2 using the same method.
The χ2 test was performed to explore the crude association of cardiovascular risk factors between couples. The odds ratios (ORs) and their corresponding 95% confidence intervals (CIs) were estimated by age-adjusted and multivariable-adjusted logistic regression models to indicate the spousal association for each given cardiovascular risk factor. The multivariable model of lifestyle factors adjusted the age, education, annual income, and geographic regions of the individuals. The multivariable model of cardiometabolic disease was further adjusted for individuals’ smoking, drinking, leisure-time physical activity, and overweight/obesity status. Family history of hypertension and diabetes was additionally adjusted in the models of hypertension and diabetes, respectively. Spousal similarity was defined as r > 0 and its corresponding p value <0.05 for continuous variables and ORs >1 and their corresponding 95% CIs excluding 1 for categorical variables.
To explore potential changes in spousal similarities with age, roughly representing marriage duration, subgroup analyses were performed according to the individuals’ age (20–50 years, ≥50 years). Multiplicative interaction was calculated by cross-product interaction terms in multivariable logistic regression models. A sensitivity analysis was performed, excluding couples with an age difference ≥5 years, to evaluate the robustness of the results.
All analyses were performed separately for husbands and wives. The significance level was set as a 2-sided p value < 0.05. SAS 9.4 (SAS Institute Inc., Cary, NC, United States.) was used to conduct all analyses.
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Diabetes Mellitus
High Blood Pressures
Husband
Hypersensitivity
Obesity
Physical Examination
Student
Wife
Self-medication is a common phenomenon in Pakistan where people usually take the same medicines for diseases with similar symptoms. Generally, a family member diagnosed with a disease and some medicine helping them establishes that medicines used for other family members too if they develop similar symptoms. The recovery of a family member with a particular medicine is taken as proof that medicine works well. A participant shared:
“Since my wife was taking medicines and was at home, it was an easy decision for me to take the same medicines and follow the same routine as my wife was following. The instructions of the doctor helped us recover smoothly (at home).” (PID-7).
Family Member
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Physicians
Wife
Participants were only included once a diagnostic CT (computerised tomography) or MRI (magnetic resonance imagery) scan confirmed the presence of a single ABI and subsequent referral to SLT services during acute hospitalisation. Upon administering the Cognitive-Linguistic Quick Test (CLQT) as a routine assessment, individuals with ABI who scored between 2.5 – 4.0 on their overall composite severity rating (CSR) and ‘mild’ or ‘within normal limits’ on their language abilities, were considered for inclusion (Box 1 ). All participants had to be older than 18 years and have conversational English. Once the individual with ABI was invited to participate, their nominated SO was also invited to take part, forming a dyad. The SOs were only included if they were primarily responsible for caring for, and lived with or near, the individual with ABI (Box 2 ). Participants were recruited between February and July 2021. A pilot study was conducted with one dyad, but these data were not included in the final sample because of changes that were made to the interview schedule subsequent to the pilot study.
The six participants with ABI were aged between 19-57 years old, and the SOs were 42-48 years of age. Five participants were male and seven were female (Table 1 ). The six SOs were directly related to the individuals with ABI and had familial roles of daughter, wife, husband, mother and sister. The youngest participant was a student who could not continue with her studies, and one participant opted for early retirement, aged 47 years old. As a result of their ABI, the remaining four participants required assistance returning to work. Ten participants were permanently employed. In addition to the SOs’ own employment, there were demands to assist in running their family members’ business post-ABI. Table 1 further elaborates on participants’ employment. Participants’ home languages included Afrikaans, Northern Sotho, and Southern Sotho. None of the participants spoke English as their primary home-language but used it conversationally. Interview questions were therefore repeated when necessary, simplified to use layman’s terms and the first author translated to obtain the appropriate English word from Afrikaans participants, when asked. None of the individuals with ABI could return to driving after their injuries.
The six participants with ABI were aged between 19-57 years old, and the SOs were 42-48 years of age. Five participants were male and seven were female (
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Cognitive Testing
Daughter
Diagnosis
Family Member
Husband
Imagery, Guided
Injuries
Males
Mothers
Nuclear Magnetic Resonance
Radionuclide Imaging
Student
Wife
Woman
X-Ray Computed Tomography
The analysis measures local assortative matching patterns at the province level, a level above the prefecture, using marriages formed after 2005 and lasted till the census time in 2010. Allowing assortative matching patterns to vary by region alleviates the endogeneity problem that matching patterns adapt to local marriage market opportunities. The decision to use the province instead of the prefecture as the unit is a compromise between using information about marriages from recent years and proximate geographical areas. Some prefectures do not have enough observations of recent marriages to infer robust matching patterns and variations in matching patterns across prefectures within a province tend to be small. For each of the 30 provinces, I calculate the empirical distribution of the age gap and the education gap between the husband and the wife. The distributions show similar curves with moderate variations across provinces (see Online Resource 1).
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Husband
Wife
The questionnaire was developed after a literature review (9 (link), 12 (link), 21 (link)). Culture-specific items were then added, including polygamy (described as a man having more than one wife as it is legal in Iraq) and circumcision. The questionnaire was then translated into Arabic and pretested on a small sample of 25 medical students and was subjected to expert review by the department of dermatology at Baghdad Teaching Hospital. Candidiasis was initially included as an item similar to a study from Kampala, Uganda (21 (link)). It was removed later as a review revealed that candidiasis is connected to sexual activity itself rather than high-risk behavior or sexual transmission (22 (link), 23 (link)).
The questionnaire (Appendix A ) was divided into demographics, knowledge, attitudes, and practices. Each section is further divided into blocks with items related to a single topic; for example, within the knowledge section, there were blocks pertaining to diseases, symptoms, transmission, outcomes, sources of information, risk, and protective factors.
In total, there were 84 items related to sexually transmitted infections. Most were presented as Yes/No questions. Knowledge-related items were each assigned 1 point for a total of 60 points from which respondents' overall knowledge could be extrapolated; with those who answered >50% of questions correctly, regarded as having good knowledge. Items related to attitudes and practices, on the other hand, had no similar scoring. This was due to their innate heterogeneity compared to knowledge-related items, it was therefore judged to be more beneficial and representative to discuss each item or block of items separately instead of calculating an overall score.
The questionnaire (
In total, there were 84 items related to sexually transmitted infections. Most were presented as Yes/No questions. Knowledge-related items were each assigned 1 point for a total of 60 points from which respondents' overall knowledge could be extrapolated; with those who answered >50% of questions correctly, regarded as having good knowledge. Items related to attitudes and practices, on the other hand, had no similar scoring. This was due to their innate heterogeneity compared to knowledge-related items, it was therefore judged to be more beneficial and representative to discuss each item or block of items separately instead of calculating an overall score.
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Candidiasis
Genetic Heterogeneity
Male Circumcision
Sexually Transmitted Diseases
Students, Medical
Transmission, Communicable Disease
Wife
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More about "Wife"
Exploring the Multifaceted Roles and Experiences of Wives: Insights into Family Dynamics, Gender Roles, and Social Trends The term 'wife' refers to the female partner in a marriage, who may assume a variety of roles such as homemaker, caregiver, or professional, depending on individual circumstances and cultural expectations.
Wives often provide emotional and practical support to their husbands, and may be involved in decision-making and the management of household affairs.
The specific duties and responsibilities of wives can vary widely across different societies and time periods.
Researching the experiences and perspectives of wives can offer valuable insights into family dynamics, gender roles, and social trends.
This research can be facilitated through the use of advanced statistical analysis tools like PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4, Stata version 13 and Stata 15, as well as automated blood cell counters like the UniCel DxH 800 and the Architect i2000SR.
Additionally, the VARIANT II system and Premier Resolution system can be utilized to enhance data analysis and visualization.
By exploring the multifaceted roles and experiences of wives, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between individual, familial, and societal factors that shape the lives of women in marital relationships.
This knowledge can inform policy decisions, social programs, and cultural narratives, ultimately contributing to a more equitable and inclusive society.
Wives often provide emotional and practical support to their husbands, and may be involved in decision-making and the management of household affairs.
The specific duties and responsibilities of wives can vary widely across different societies and time periods.
Researching the experiences and perspectives of wives can offer valuable insights into family dynamics, gender roles, and social trends.
This research can be facilitated through the use of advanced statistical analysis tools like PROC MIXED in SAS 9.4, Stata version 13 and Stata 15, as well as automated blood cell counters like the UniCel DxH 800 and the Architect i2000SR.
Additionally, the VARIANT II system and Premier Resolution system can be utilized to enhance data analysis and visualization.
By exploring the multifaceted roles and experiences of wives, researchers can gain a deeper understanding of the complex interplay between individual, familial, and societal factors that shape the lives of women in marital relationships.
This knowledge can inform policy decisions, social programs, and cultural narratives, ultimately contributing to a more equitable and inclusive society.