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Salmonidae

Salmonidae is a family of fish within the order Salmoniformes, commonly known as salmon, trout, and char.
These freshwater and anadromous species are highly valuable for commercial, recreational, and ecological purposes.
Salmonidae are characterized by adipose fins, forked tails, and the ability to migrate long distances between freshwater and marine environments.
This diverse family includes iconic species such as the Pacific salmon, Atlantic salmon, and various trout species.
Salmonidae play a crucial role in many aquatic ecosystems and are the subject of extensive research to understand their biology, behavior, and conservation needs.
Exploring the power of PubCompare.ai can help optimze Salmonidae research by locating the most relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while providing side-by-side comparisons to identify the best methodologies and products.
This AI-driven tool can enhance research reproducibilty and acuracy for studies on this important family of fish.

Most cited protocols related to «Salmonidae»

1
Mitogenome Reconstruction from Simulated Data
Paired-end illumina data sets (read length 150 bp, insert size 300 ± 50 bp, error rate 0) were simulated for five salmonid mitochondrial genomes, i.e. the four genomes used in case study 2 and the mitochondrial genome of Salmo trutta retrieved from GenBank (NC_010007), to a coverage of ∼50× (i.e. 6000 reads per reference) using wgsim from SAMTOOLS (36 (link)). A single pooled data set containing all generated reads was created from the simulated data. Five individual MITObim instances were subsequently run (in proofreading mode), each using a ∼1200 bp COI barcode as initial seed for the reconstruction of individual mitochondrial genomes from the pooled data set. Seeds were obtained from the mitochondrial genomes of the targeted species, respectively, as the proofreading procedure requires 100% sequence identity for successful incorporation of reads into the growing readpool (see Supplementary Methods).
Hahn C., Bachmann L, & Chevreux B. (2013). Reconstructing mitochondrial genomes directly from genomic next-generation sequencing reads—a baiting and iterative mapping approach. Nucleic Acids Research, 41(13), e129.
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Publication 2013
Genome Genome, Mitochondrial Plant Embryos Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Salmonidae Trout
2
Comparative Analysis of Trout Genome Duplication
As a starting point for comparative genome analyses, we integrated predicted trout genes in vertebrate gene families based on Ensembl version 66 (February 2012)50 (link). The 46,585 predicted trout proteins were compared against 13,264 gene families from 14 representative vertebrate species comprising mammals, birds and fish (Supplementary Fig. 6). Trout genes were included in 8,739 vertebrate gene trees (Supplementary Table 7). By comparison, other genes from other vertebrate genomes are included in 7,131 (takifugu) to 9,453 (Human) gene families, suggesting that annotated trout genes cover the vast majority of vertebrate gene families. A dedicated Genomicus server ( http://www.genomicus.biologie.ens.fr/genomicus-trout-01.01/) provides access to trout genes and their phylogenetic trees, as well as syntenic relationships with other genomes (Supplementary Fig. 7).
DCS blocks are defined as runs of genes in a non-salmonid (that is, non-duplicated by the Ss4R event) genome that are distributed on two different chromosomes (or non-anchored scaffolds) in the rainbow trout genome; the exact gene order does not need to be conserved. We systematically compared the gene locations in rainbow trout with those of medaka, stickleback, tetraodon and takifugu using ad-hoc scripts to identify pairs of regions in the rainbow trout genome that are syntenic with single regions in non-salmonid species, and that correspond to DCS blocks. Pairs of paralogous trout genes on two different chromosomes (or non-anchored scaffolds) that belong to a DCS block are most likely duplicates originating from the Ss4R WGD event and are called ohnologues; there were 6,733 pairs of ohnologues. Genes that are inserted in a DCS block based on synteny with a non-salmonid species, but have no paralogous gene on the other chromosome or scaffold, are most likely former Ss4R duplicates in which one of the duplicated genes was lost, and are called singletons. Each pair of duplicated regions within a DCS block is descended from a single ancestral region in the pre-duplication genome. The organization of these ancestral regions into an ancestral chromosome was deduced from the synteny relationships with non-salmonid genomes using a clustering method implemented in Walktrap51 . The Ts3R-duplicated regions in the ancestral karyotype were obtained by orthology with the Ts3R-duplicated regions in the medaka genome, which were themselves deduced from the DCS blocks between the medaka and chicken genomes obtained as described above. DCS blocks can be very short, as they are dependent on assembly continuity and scaffold anchoring. Fine-scale analysis of duplicated regions and genes was restricted to 915 scaffolds that could be paired into 569 DCS blocks for at least part of their lengths, and that share at least 4 ohnologous genes. The longest scaffold in these DCS blocks is 5,466,130 bp long and the shortest is 25,207 bp long. These 915 scaffolds contain a total of 171 miRNAs and 13,352 genes (29% of the trout genome), of which 8,624 are ohnologues and 4,728 are singletons. These scaffolds were aligned using LastZ52 , resulting in 85,050 local alignments with a mean identity of 86.7%.
To better understand the fate of inactivated gene copies, protein sequences predicted from a given gene model were also aligned to their paralogous region using exonerate53 (link) with the ‘—model protein2genome’ option (Supplementary Methods). Rates of gene loss since the Ts3R WGD were calculated by linear extrapolation.
Berthelot C., Brunet F., Chalopin D., Juanchich A., Bernard M., Noël B., Bento P., Da Silva C., Labadie K., Alberti A., Aury J.M., Louis A., Dehais P., Bardou P., Montfort J., Klopp C., Cabau C., Gaspin C., Thorgaard G.H., Boussaha M., Quillet E., Guyomard R., Galiana D., Bobe J., Volff J.N., Genêt C., Wincker P., Jaillon O., Crollius H.R, & Guiguen Y. (2014). The rainbow trout genome provides novel insights into evolution after whole-genome duplication in vertebrates. Nature Communications, 5, 3657.
Publication 2014
Amino Acid Sequence Aves Chickens Chromosomes Comparative Genomic Hybridization Fishes Gene Order Genes Genes, Duplicate Genome Karyotype Mammals MicroRNAs Oncorhynchus mykiss Oryziinae Proteins Salmonidae SSTR4 protein, human Sticklebacks Synteny Takifugu Trees Trout Vertebrates
3
Cy5-Labeled cRNA Microarray Quantification
Experimental samples of Cy5 labeled cRNA were quantified on a Nanodrop ND-1000. All samples were found to be of sufficient specific activity with a mean (± SD) of 18.22 ± 2.03 pmol Cy5/μg cRNA as per manufacturer's recommendation (Agilent) and an appropriate RNA absorbance ratio with a mean of 2.29 ± 0.06. Next, cRNA fragmentation mixtures were created following the LIQA kit instructions, using 825 ng of experimental sample and 825 ng of reference pool. These mixtures were incubated at 60°C for 30 minutes. After cooling on ice for one minute, hybridization mixtures were prepared by adding 2x GEx Hybridization Buffer HI-RPM and mixing well by pipetting. These reactions were loaded in random arrangements with respect to time point onto 44K oligo salmonid microarrays (Agilent-025055) using Agilent SureHyb Hybridization Chambers. Each of the 4 × 44K arrays on the microarray slides had 100 μL of hybridization reaction added. The hybridization reactions were allowed to occur for 17 hours at 65°C. Slide washes were performed as per the manufacturer's instructions, including an ozone-protection step using the Agilent Stabilization and Drying Solution. Slides were scanned as soon as possible on a ScanArray Express (PerkinElmer, Waltham, MA) scanner at 5 μm resolution using a PMT setting of 80 in both channels, a black threshold of 1800, and a full color threshold of 26.8. Slides were stored in a low ozone chamber (typically < 5 ppb) until scanned.
Jantzen S.G., Sanderson D.S., von Schalburg K.R., Yasuike M., Marass F, & Koop B.F. (2011). A 44K microarray dataset of the changing transcriptome in developing Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar L.). BMC Research Notes, 4, 88.
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Publication 2011
Acid Hybridizations, Nucleic Buffers Complementary RNA Microarray Analysis Oligonucleotides Ozone Salmonidae
4
Salmonid Ortholog Sequence Analysis
Putative orthologue sequence sets were collated with Best Reciprocal Blast (BRB) protein matches. For salmonid species the top-two BRB-hits were assigned to putative orthologue groups. Multiple codon sequence alignments were constructed using MAFFT62 (link) and quality trimmed with Guidance in an iterative framework where sequences were re-aligned after identification of poorly aligned codons.
Maximum likelihood (ML) gene trees were calculated by the R-package Phangorn63 (link) using codon alignments, the GTR+G+I model, and 100 bootstrap replicates. Branch specific GTR+G+I substitution rates were estimated functions from the R-package ape64 , while branch specific synonymous (dS) and non-synonymous (dN) substitution rates were estimated with non-negative least squares regression in the Phangorn R package63 (link) using pairwise dN and dS distance matrixes from codeml65 (link) and the ML gene tree topologies as input.
Branch-site specific test for positive selection was carried out by a likelihood-ratio test on the ML-likelihood estimates for sequence evolution under different models in codeml. The smallest likelihood estimate from four omega starting values (0.5, 1, 1.5, and 2) was used in the likelihood ratio test (LRT). False discovery rate adjustments of p-values were done with the p.adjust function in R.
Lien S., Koop B.F., Sandve S.R., Miller J.R., Kent M.P., Nome T., Hvidsten T.R., Leong J.S., Minkley D.R., Zimin A., Grammes F., Grove H., Gjuvsland A., Walenz B., Hermansen R.A., von Schalburg K., Rondeau E.B., Di Genova A., Samy J.K., Olav Vik J., Vigeland M.D., Caler L., Grimholt U., Jentoft S., Inge Våge D., de Jong P., Moen T., Baranski M., Palti Y., Smith D.R., Yorke J.A., Nederbragt A.J., Tooming-Klunderud A., Jakobsen K.S., Jiang X., Fan D., Hu Y., Liberles D.A., Vidal R., Iturra P., Jones S.J., Jonassen I., Maass A., Omholt S.W, & Davidson W.S. (2016). The Atlantic salmon genome provides insights into rediploidization. Nature, 533(7602), 200-205.
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Publication 2016
Biological Evolution Codon Genes Genetic Testing Proteins Salmonidae Sequence Alignment Trees
5
Microsatellite Markers for Salmonid Genome Analysis
A total of 1435 microsatellite markers were developed or obtained from the literature including anonymous markers [19 (link),59 (link),61 (link),67 (link)-80 (link)], markers developed in other salmonids [62 (link),81 (link)-83 (link)], markers identified from BACs either containing genes or cytogenetic assignments [60 (link),84 (link),94 (link)-96 (link)], or markers representing expressed sequence tags (ESTs) and serving as comparative loci with sequenced genomes of model fish species [80 (link),85 (link)]. Marker information including locus names, optimum annealing temperatures and magnesium concentrations, GenBank accession numbers, and primer sequences are reported in Additional File 1, Worksheet 1. Markers were either genotyped using the tailed protocol of Boutin-Ganache et al. [97 (link)] or by direct fluorescent labelling (with FAM, HEX, or NED) of the forward primer according to manufacturer protocols (ABI, Foster City, CA, USA). Primer pairs were obtained from commercial sources (forward primers labelled with FAM or HEX from Alpha DNA, Montreal, Quebec, Canada, or NED from ABI, Foster City, CA, USA). PCR reactions consisted of 12 μl reaction volumes containing 12.5 ng DNA, 1.5–2.5 mM MgCl2, 1.0 μM of each primer, 200 μM of dNTPs, 1× manufacturer's reaction buffer and 0.5 units Taq DNA polymerase. Thermal cycling consisted of an initial denaturation at 95°C for 15 min followed by 30 cycles of 95°C for 1 min, annealing temperature for 45 s, 72°C extension for 45 s, then a final extension at 72°C for 10 min. PCR products were visualized on agarose gels after staining with ethidium bromide. Markers were grouped in combinations of two or three markers based on differences in fluorescent dye color and amplicon size. Three μl of each PCR product was added to 20 μl of water, 1 μl of the diluted sample was added to 12.5 μl of loading mixture made up with 12 μl of HiDi formamide and 0.5 of Genscan 400 ROX internal size standard. Samples were denatured at 95°C for 5 min and kept on ice until loading on an automated DNA sequencer ABI 3730 DNA Analyzer (ABI, Foster City, CA, USA). Output files were analyzed using GeneMapper version 3.7 (ABI, Foster City, CA, USA), formatted using Microsoft Excel and stored in Microsoft Access. As a result of the evolutionarily recent genome duplication, microsatellite markers in salmonids are often present in two copies in the genome, each copy potentially having overlapping allele size ranges and possibly including alleles having identical sizes. Markers which were duplicated were scored as independent loci, adding an "a" and "b" to differentiate their locus names. Duplicated loci with overlapping and/or identical allele sizes were scored only in the family containing the most informative meiosis.
Rexroad CE I.I.I., Palti Y., Gahr S.A, & Vallejo R.L. (2008). A second generation genetic map for rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss). BMC Genetics, 9, 74.
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Publication 2008
Alleles Buffers Ethidium Bromide Expressed Sequence Tags Fishes Fluorescent Dyes formamide Gels Genes Genome Magnesium Magnesium Chloride Meiosis Oligonucleotide Primers Salmonidae Sepharose Short Tandem Repeat Taq Polymerase

Most recents protocols related to «Salmonidae»

1
Isolation of Salmonid IgM+ RBCs
We initially identified the population of IgM+ RBCs serendipitously when studying the B lymphocyte population in trout lymphoid organs (Supplementary Figure 3). Splenic and anterior kidney tissues were initially passed through 100-μm cell strainers (Corning, Durham, NC, USA) using a combination of dissociating the tissue with the textured end of a syringe plunger and washing with Iscove’s Modified Dulbecco’s Medium (IMDM, Life Technologies Limited, Paisley, UK). This process began with placing the tissue onto the mesh of the cell strainer. We added 1 mL of IMDM onto the tissue to prevent it from drying. We repeatedly applied gentle force and a twisting motion with the syringe plunger. We then washed the dissociated tissue. Each wash consisted of pipetting 1 mL of IMDM onto the strainer, focusing the wash on areas of the strainer with tissue. Three washes were performed in total. This is how we excluded cellular aggregates larger than 100 μm. For this purpose, the IMDM was not supplemented or added with any fetal bovine serum or antibiotics. We then loaded the cell suspension onto 25% Percoll (one part Percoll diluted in three parts IMDM, no other component was added) (Percoll purchased from Cytiva, Uppsala, Sweden) for centrifugation at 500 g for 15 min (gentle acceleration and braking) to exclude cells of lower density such as adipocytes and fibroblasts. After we washed away the remaining Percoll with excess IMDM (no additives), we counted 10 million cells as input material for the MACS. They were stained with 100 ng of mAb 1.14 specific to salmonid IgM (21 (link), 22 (link)), obtained from Dr. Bernd Köllner (Institute of Immunology of the Friedrich-Loeffler-Institute, Federal Research Institute for Animal Health). The IgM+ cells were positively selected using MACS and anti-mouse IgG microbeads and LS columns (both purchased from Miltenyi Biotec, Bergisch Gladbach, Germany) according to the manufacturer’s instructions, with purity assessed by flow cytometry on a BD FACSCanto II (BD Biosciences, Prague, Czech Republic). All flow cytometry data here and throughout the manuscript were analyzed with the FlowJo v10 software (Becton, Dickinson and Co., Ashland, OR, USA).
Chan J.T., Picard-Sánchez A., Majstorović J., Rebl A., Koczan D., Dyčka F., Holzer A.S, & Korytář T. (2023). Red blood cells in proliferative kidney disease—rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) infected by Tetracapsuloides bryosalmonae harbor IgM+ red blood cells. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1041325.
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Publication 2023
Acceleration Adipocytes Animals anti-IgG Antibiotics, Antitubercular B-Lymphocytes Cells Centrifugation Erythrocytes Fetal Bovine Serum Fibroblasts Flow Cytometry Head Kidney Lymphoid Tissue Microspheres Mus Percoll Salmonidae Spleen Syringes Tissues Trout
2
Population Genetic Analysis of Chinook Salmon
Population genetic tests for Hardy–Weinberg equilibrium, linkage disequilibrium, Analysis of Molecular Variance (AMOVA), average heterozygosity, and F-statistics were carried out using standard population analysis software applications bundled in GenAlEx v.6.5 [17 (link)] and ARLEQUIN v. 3.5.2 [18 (link)]. Tajima’s D statistic was measured using MEGA X [19 (link)]. This analysis involved 205 amino acid sequences. The coding data were translated assuming a genetic code table. All ambiguous positions were removed for each sequence pair (pairwise deletion option). Individual sequence reads were aligned utilizing the CLUSTAL-codon V algorithm bundled in the MEGA X software package [19 (link)] for each of four mapped MHC exonic regions captured by the two sets of primers summarized in Table 1. Haplotype sequence variation in MHC loci was analyzed for evidence of reduced polymorphism in nucleotide substitution spectra using the molecular evolutionary analysis programs in MEGA X. The results of the present Chinook salmon study were compared against Chinook salmon and other closely related salmonid species for the same MHC class I and II loci accessioned in NCBI/Genbank. The MHC primer sequences are designed to amplify the exons encoding the peptide binding region located on the α1 chain of the MHC class I and the β1 chain of the MHC class II. Sequences of cleaned PCR products were run through the BLAST program for annotation confirmation against the NCBI publicly available genomic database prior to being entered into the MEGA X program and aligned using the “MUSCLE” exonic sequence alignment toolkit. From these alignments, anchored phylogenetic trees were developed for MHC class I and II genes utilizing the Atlantic salmon as the anchored outgroup. Neighbor-joining trees were constructed using p-distance including all the amino acids, with bootstrap values obtained after 1000 iterations. Independent assessment of NJ tree results was tested using Maximum Parsimony methods of phylogenetic inference and bootstrapping.
STRUCTURE v 2.3.4 [20 (link)] was used to infer genetically distinct groups among the two populations. The program was run using the admixture model utilizing a burn-in length period of 10,000 iterations for 10,000 Markov chain Monte Carlo (MCMC) repetitions and testing for K (number of populations) between 2 and 7 for 10 simulations. The creation of minimum spanning and transitive consistency score (TCS) haplotype networks was conducted using the POPART (v. 1.7) software [21 (link),22 (link),23 ]. The TCS methodology uses nucleotide sequence data to infer population level genealogical networks, even in instances where divergence is low by collapsing closely related sequences into haplotypes allowing the program to estimate frequencies of haplotypes and probable outgroups [21 (link)]. A minimum spanning tree connects all present haplotypes without further inference of ancestral nodes, so that total length of branches is kept minimal [22 (link)].
Wilson E.J, & Shedlock A.M. (2023). Evaluating the Potential Fitness Effects of Chinook Salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha) Aquaculture Using Non-Invasive Population Genomic Analyses of MHC Nucleotide Substitution Spectra. Animals : an Open Access Journal from MDPI, 13(4), 593.
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Publication 2023
Amino Acids Amino Acid Sequence Base Sequence Codon Deletion Mutation Evolution, Molecular Exons Genes Genes, MHC Class I Genes, MHC Class II Genetic Code Genetic Diversity Genetic Polymorphism Genome Haplotypes Heterozygote Muscle Tissue Nucleotides Oligonucleotide Primers Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Peptides Salmonidae Salmo salar Sequence Alignment Trees
3
Gut Microbiome Changes in Senescing Chinook Salmon
In addition to the juvenile experimental fish, we collected analogous anal vent swabs from adult Chinook salmon carcasses immediately after fish were artificially spawned for propagation at Willamette Hatchery in Oakridge, Oregon, USA (43°73′84.9″N, − 122°43′77.2″W) in September of 2020. Samples were immediately placed on ice and were frozen at − 80 within 3 h of collection. To evaluate senescence via histology, we preserved lower intestine and pyloric caeca samples in Dietrich’s fixative for histology and evaluated the integrity of the epithelium by measuring the percent of intact gut epithelium remaining35 . Scoring of gut samples was conducted by an experienced fish pathologist with forty years of experience conducting histological analysis of salmonids. We previously demonstrated that loss of integrity of the intestinal epithelium correlates closely with the timing of senescence and mortality in adult freshwater phase Chinook salmon35 ,36 (link). Therefore, to explore potential differences in gut microbiota between adult fish at early versus late stages of gut senescence, we used epithelial integrity scores to select four adult males with extremely degraded gut epithelia (“senescent”) and three adult males with mostly intact gut epithelia (“pre-senescent”) for microbiome sequencing. Fish designated as senescent had 5–10% epithelial integrity, and fish designated as pre-senescent had 70–80% epithelial integrity.
Couch C.E., Neal W.T., Herron C.L., Kent M.L., Schreck C.B, & Peterson J.T. (2023). Gut microbiome composition associates with corticosteroid treatment, morbidity, and senescence in Chinook salmon (Oncorhynchus tshawytscha). Scientific Reports, 13, 2567.
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Publication 2023
Adult Anus Cecum Epithelium Fishes Fixatives Freezing Gastrointestinal Microbiome Intestinal Epithelium Males Microbiome Oncorhynchus tshawytscha Pathologists Pylorus Salmonidae
4
Fish Communities of the Smith River Watershed
This study took place in two streams in central Montana, USA. The Smith River originates near White Sulphur Springs, Montana, and flows 195 km northwest to its confluence with the Missouri River near Great Falls, Montana (Fig 1). At its headwaters, the Smith River flows through a broad, agricultural valley. The river then flows through a canyon in the Little Belt Mountains, followed by a prairie region as it approaches its confluence with the Missouri River [24 ]. Sheep Creek is one of the primary tributaries of the Smith River. Sheep Creek flows 59 km west from its headwaters in the Little Belt Mountains to its confluence with the Smith River, at the upstream portion of the canyon region. Both streams follow a typical hydrograph for snowmelt runoff streams, with peak discharge occurring in late spring to early summer and discharge gradually declining to base flows in mid-summer.
Native salmonids in the Smith River watershed include mountain whitefish and westslope cutthroat trout (Oncorhynchus clarkii lewisi; mainly isolated in small tributaries). Other native fishes include white sucker (Catostomus commersonii), longnose sucker (C. catostomus), mountain sucker (C. platyrhynchus), burbot (Lota lota), stonecat (Noturus flavus), Rocky Mountain sculpin (Cottus bondi), and longnose dace (Rhinichthys cataractae). Three non-native fishes were intentionally introduced in the twentieth century for recreational angling: brown trout, rainbow trout, and brook trout. The most abundant fishes in the watershed are mountain whitefish, rainbow trout, and brown trout [25 , 26 ].
Cox T.L., Lance M.J., Albertson L.K., Briggs M.A., Dutton A.J, & Zale A.V. (2023). Diet composition and resource overlap of sympatric native and introduced salmonids across neighboring streams during a peak discharge event. PLOS ONE, 18(1), e0280833.
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Publication 2023
Catostomus Dace Fishes Noturus Oncorhynchus Oncorhynchus mykiss Patient Discharge Rivers Salmonidae Sheep Sulfur Trout Whitefish
5
Tracking Juvenile Atlantic Salmon Thermoregulation
The role of underwater cameras in both years was to collect date-time information on the timing of behavioural thermoregulation aggregation events by juvenile Atlantic salmon. For the purposes of this study the onset of a behavioural thermoregulation event was defined as the presence of ≥10 Atlantic salmon parr (Corey et al., 2020 (link); Dugdale et al., 2016 (link); Figure 3). In some instances, aggregations can remain in place for days (e.g.Corey, 2022 ). As the focus of this study was the onset temperature of thermal aggregations, we defined the onset of a new aggregation as one where the prior aggregation had dispersed. These events were easily separated from the baseline non-aggregation events due to the general low density of juvenile Atlantic salmon in the Miramichi River (Chaput, Douglas, and Hayward, 2016 ) and their territorial nature during non-thermal events ((Linnansaari and Cunjak, 2010 (link)) (Figure 3). The high resolution of our underwater camera videos and images allowed confident identification of aggregating fishes to species (i.e. juvenile Atlantic salmon); the only other coldwater stenothermic salmonid in the studied area is brook trout (Figure 3). Whilst brook trout (both juvenile and adult) were also commonly observed in our imaging, their density in the studied area, and therefore frequency in our imaging, was very low. Furthermore, brook trout were generally easily identifiable due to the size differences (see e.g.Figure 3d for an adult brook trout within an aggregation), or due to their white leading edge in their anal fin, and the lack of easily identifiable “parr marks” typical for juvenile Atlantic salmon. Additionally, some blacknose dace (Rhinichthys atratulus) were observed in our imagery; however, these were also easily identifiable by the markings.
Corey (2022) found once an aggregation event has occurred within the LSW-M, juvenile salmon display high fidelity towards reaches with the thermal refuges. In such instances, the juvenile salmon abandoned the reach they were located in prior to the aggregation event, if the reach did not contain a thermal refuge. This fidelity towards reaches with the thermal refuges remained until the autumn, when fish returned to abandoned reaches. Coupling the similar thermal regimes between our study sites, and the findings on refuge fidelity and abandonment of territories without refuges (as per Corey et al. [in review]), we make the assumption that the majority of the fish we observed are consistently using the refuges.
O’Sullivan A.M., Corey E.M., Collet E.N., Helminen J., Curry R.A., MacIntyre C, & Linnansaari T. (2023). Timing and frequency of high temperature events bend the onset of behavioural thermoregulation in Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar). Conservation Physiology, 11(1), coac079.
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Publication 2023
Adult Anus Dace Fishes Imagery, Guided Rivers Salmonidae Salmo salar Self Confidence Temperature Regulations, Body Trout

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More about "Salmonidae"

Salmonidae, the salmon family, is a diverse group of freshwater and anadromous fish belonging to the order Salmoniformes.
This family includes iconic species such as Pacific salmon, Atlantic salmon, and various trout varieties.
Salmonids are renowned for their impressive migratory abilities, traveling long distances between freshwater and marine environments.
These fish play a crucial role in many aquatic ecosystems and are highly valued for commercial, recreational, and ecological purposes.
Researchers studying Salmonidae often utilize advanced tools and technologies to explore the biology, behavior, and conservation needs of these remarkable creatures.
Techniques like HiSeq 2500 sequencing, RNAlater preservation, and Power SYBR Green PCR Master Mix enable in-depth genetic and molecular analyses.
Additionally, the Eclipse E 2000 incubator and GS FLX sequencing platform can facilitate controlled experiments and comprehensive genomic investigations.
Antimicrobial agents like Flumequine and Florfenicol are sometimes employed in Salmonidae research to maintain the health and well-being of study subjects.
Culturing methods utilizing MacConkey agar can also provide valuable insights into the microbial communities associated with these fish.
To optimize Salmonidae research, scientists can leverage the power of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven tool that helps locate the most relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents.
This platform provides side-by-side comparisons, allowing researchers to identify the best methodologies and products for their studies.
By utilizing PubCompare.ai, scientists can enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their Salmonidae research, leading to a deeper understanding of these ecologically and economically important fish.
Whether studying the migratory patterns of Pacific salmon, the genetics of Atlantic trout, or the conservation needs of char, PubCompare.ai can be a valuable resource for Salmonidae researchers, empowering them to make informed decisions and advance the field of salmonid science.