All S. cerevisiae deletion strains were obtained from the Saccharomyces Genome Deletion Project collection [11] (link). All S. cerevisiae deletion strains were from the homozygous deletion collection (MATa/α his3Δ1/his3Δ1, leu2Δ0/leu2Δ0, lys2Δ0/LYS2, MET15/met15Δ0, ura3Δ0/ura3Δ0), with the exception of the Δsko1 strain, which was haploid (MATa his3Δ1, leu2Δ0, met15Δ0, ura3Δ0). In all cases where the S. cerevisiae strain exhibited a phenotype that appeared divergent from the C. albicans ortholog(s), the S. cerevisiae strain deletion was validated using the primers suggested by the Saccharomyces Genome Deletion Project protocols.
Candida albicans
It can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
Candida albicans research is vital for understanding its role in health and disease, as well as developing effective treatments.
PubCompare.ai is an AI-driven platform that enhances the reproducibility and accuracy of Candida albicans research by helping scientists easily locate protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, while utilizing AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
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Most cited protocols related to «Candida albicans»
All S. cerevisiae deletion strains were obtained from the Saccharomyces Genome Deletion Project collection [11] (link). All S. cerevisiae deletion strains were from the homozygous deletion collection (MATa/α his3Δ1/his3Δ1, leu2Δ0/leu2Δ0, lys2Δ0/LYS2, MET15/met15Δ0, ura3Δ0/ura3Δ0), with the exception of the Δsko1 strain, which was haploid (MATa his3Δ1, leu2Δ0, met15Δ0, ura3Δ0). In all cases where the S. cerevisiae strain exhibited a phenotype that appeared divergent from the C. albicans ortholog(s), the S. cerevisiae strain deletion was validated using the primers suggested by the Saccharomyces Genome Deletion Project protocols.
Most recents protocols related to «Candida albicans»
Example 6
Table 6 demonstrated a synergistic effect between C1-8 organic acids and amino acid based surfactant against Candida albicans under the standard test EN13624, wherein the organic acids were a mixture of lactic acid and formic acid, the amino acid based surfactant was sodium sarcosinate, and the stabilizing agent was ethanol.
Example 12
Candida auris is a newly emerging yeast (fungus) that is causing skin and bloodstream infections in humans. It easily becomes resistant to anti-fungal agents, making development of novel therapeutics a necessity. This organism is related to Candida albicans and other Candida species. The MIC and MBC in the above table show very good activity of both the SGML and S2GML versus this organism.
Bacillus subtilis, an aerobic spore-former, was incubated with 200 RPM shaking at 37° C. The strain was a recent clinical isolate at the University of Iowa, and proves to develop resistance to standard anti-fungal agents.
Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) 594 is a standard scarlet fever strain that has been extensively published on. The strain was incubated stationary at 37° C. in 5% CO2.
All solutions used in the MBC and MIC studies were prepared from a stock of 100 mg/ml of either GML, SGML or S2GML in absolute ethanol.
Example 5
The Lactobacillus ingested through the oral cavity passes through the stomach with the lower acidity and the intestines with high digestive enzymes and are exposed to low pH of gastric acid, pepsin, intestinal bile salts and digestive enzymes. Therefore, in order to utilize microorganisms as probiotics, gastric juice resistance is essential to survive in low pH and enzymes, and bile juice resistance is essential to survive in extreme intestinal environment. In accordance with the present disclosure, experiments were conducted to identify resistance to artificial gastric juice and bile juice of the above two strains with superior inhibitory effects against Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans. The pH of the gastric juice in the body is maintained at about 3.0, and the food passes through the stomach for about 3 hours. In general, when maintaining viable cell count for 3 hours or more at pH 3, the cells has the high resistance to acidity. In order to identify the intestinal viability of Lactobacillus, survival experiments for artificial gastric juice and artificial bile juice were conducted with reference to Maragkoudakis' method. MG4272 and MG4288 strains were streaked on MRS plate medium and incubated at 37° C. for 24 hours, and the resulting colonies were inoculated in MRS liquid medium and incubated (37° C., 24 hours). Then, 2% passage was incubated for 24 hours in fresh MRS medium. The culture medium was then centrifuged (4,000×g, 4° C., 5 minutes) and washed twice with phosphate-buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4). The washed cells were adjusted to OD600 1.0 (108 to 109 CFU/mL) and used for resistance experiments to the artificial gastric juice and artificial bile solution, respectively. As a control, 900 μL of pH 7 PBS was added to 100 μL of diluted Lactobacillus and the mixture was shaken and the number of viable cells was measured immediately. In order to identify the resistance to gastric juice, pepsin (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louise, USA) was dissolved in 3 g/L of pH 3 to pH 4 PBS to prepare an artificial gastric juice. 100 μL of lactobacillus diluent was added to 900 μL of artificial gastric juice, shaken, and cultured at 37° C. In 3 hours, the viable cell count was measured. To identify resistance to the artificial bile juice, pancreatin (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louise, USA) was dissolved in 1 g/L at pH 7 to pH 8 to prepare artificial bile juice. 100 μL of lactobacillus diluent was added to 900 μL of artificial bile juice, shaken and incubated at 37° C. In 4 hours, the viable cell count was measured. The measured results are shown in Table 1 in terms of log CFU/ml.
As shown in Table 1 both strains of MG4272 and MG4288 were identified to maintain the viable cell count of 108 CFU/mL or more after 3 hours at pH 3, thereby identifying excellent acid resistance. In the artificial bile resistance test, both strains of MG4272 and MG4288 were identified to maintain the viable cell count of 108 CFU/mL or more, thereby identifying excellent bile resistance.
Example 3
3.1 Sequence Analysis and Phylogenetic Tree Identification of MG4272 and MG4288 Strains
16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using universal rRNA gene primers (27F, 1492R) of MG4272 and MG4288 strains. Each process was performed through Sol-gent (Daejeon, Korea). The analyzed sequences were compared and identified with the Genebank database using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (Blast) of the National Center for Biotechnology Institute (NCBI). The phylogenetic tree was created using the neighbor joining method of MEGA 7.0 software. The 16s rRNA sequence of the analyzed MG4272 strain was shown as SEQ ID NO: 1, and 16s rRNA base sequence of the MG4288 strain was shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. The phylogenetic tree of the MG4272 and MG4288 strains was shown in
As shown in
3.2 Identification of Morphological Characteristics of MG4272 and MG4288 Strains
To identify the morphological characteristics of MG4272 and MG4288 strains, the MG4272 and MG4288 strains were immobilized in 1% glutaraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louise, USA) solution at 4° C. for 24 hours, and were dehydrated with ethanol and observed using a scanning electron microscope (Field emission scanning electron microscope, 54300, Hitach, Tokyo, Japan). The observed results are shown in
As shown in
The MG4272 and MG4288 strains selected in accordance with the present disclosure were Lactobacillus paracasei or Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains, respectively. Both Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains are listed in the standards and specifications of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and functional foods and are safe.
Example 8
Disinfectant Formulation T comprised a mixture of lactic acid and formic acid as the C1-8 organic acids, sodium sarcosinate as the amino acid based surfactant, and ethanol as the stabilizing agent.
Table 8 showed the physical stability and antimicrobial stability data for Formulation T at 40° C. storage. Formulation T was physical stable and maintained its antimicrobial activity for at least three months during storage.
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More about "Candida albicans"
It is a opportunistic pathogen that can cause infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
Candida research is crucial for understanding its role in health and disease, as well as developing effective treatments.
PubCompare.ai is an innovative AI-driven platform that enhances the reproducibility and accuracy of Candida albicans research.
It helps scientists easily locate protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, while utilizing AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
This cutting-edge technoloogy improves the efficiency and quality of Candida albicans research, enabling seamless and impactful investigations.
Candida albicans is often studied alongside other common microbial species, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
These microorganisms can interact with Candida in the human body and play a role in various health conditions.
Researchers commonly use Sabouraud dextrose agar and RPMI 1640 medium to culture and study Candida albicans in the laboratory.
These specialized media provide the necessary nutrients and conditions for the fungus to grow and thrive.
By leveraging the insights and capabilities of PubCompare.ai, scientists can enhance the efficiency, reproducibility, and impact of their Candida albicans research, leading to a better understanding of this important fungus and the development of more effective treatments.