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Candida albicans

Candida albicans is a yeast-like fungus that is a common member of the human gut microbiome.
It can cause opportunistic infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
Candida albicans research is vital for understanding its role in health and disease, as well as developing effective treatments.
PubCompare.ai is an AI-driven platform that enhances the reproducibility and accuracy of Candida albicans research by helping scientists easily locate protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, while utilizing AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
This cutting-edg technoloogy improves the efficiency and quality of Candida albicans research, enabling seamless and impactful investigations.

Most cited protocols related to «Candida albicans»

The C. albicans deletion library will be made available through the Fungal Genetics Stock Center (http://www.fgsc.net/). All C. albicans deletion strains were constructed in strain SN152 using auxotrophic marker cassettes targeted with long-flanking homology, as previously described [23] (link). All deletions were verified by diagnostic PCR of the flanks surrounding the introduced markers. The absence of the gene targeted for deletion was further verified by attempting to amplify a small internal fragment of the ORF. For a successful deletion, this intra-ORF PCR yielded no product while a wild-type control yielded a strong product. The strain background of the deletion strains was arg4Δ/arg4Δ, leu2Δ/leu2Δ, his1Δ/his1Δ, URA3/ura3Δ, IRO1/iro1Δ, with HIS1 and LEU2 function restored by the auxotrophic marker introduced at the targeted transcriptional regulator. A ‘wild-type’ control strain was created by reintroduction of a single allele of HIS1 and LEU2 (amplified from the C. albicans strain SC5314) into the parent strain. Composition of the media used for phenotyping is described in Text S1.
All S. cerevisiae deletion strains were obtained from the Saccharomyces Genome Deletion Project collection [11] (link). All S. cerevisiae deletion strains were from the homozygous deletion collection (MATa/α his3Δ1/his3Δ1, leu2Δ0/leu2Δ0, lys2Δ0/LYS2, MET15/met15Δ0, ura3Δ0/ura3Δ0), with the exception of the Δsko1 strain, which was haploid (MATa his3Δ1, leu2Δ0, met15Δ0, ura3Δ0). In all cases where the S. cerevisiae strain exhibited a phenotype that appeared divergent from the C. albicans ortholog(s), the S. cerevisiae strain deletion was validated using the primers suggested by the Saccharomyces Genome Deletion Project protocols.
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Publication 2009
Alleles Candida albicans Deletion Mutation Diagnosis DNA Library Gene Deletion Genes Genes, Fungal Genome Homozygote Oligonucleotide Primers Parent Phenotype Retreatments Saccharomyces Saccharomyces cerevisiae Strains Transcription, Genetic
To construct the pNAT plasmid, plasmid pCJN542 (16 (link)) was cut with SacI and SpeI to remove the TDH3 promoter. The SacI-SpeI fragment containing the nourseothricin resistance cassette (NAT) was blunted and self-ligated (17 ) to yield plasmid pNAT. The plasmid pV1093 used in this study was a kind gift from Valmik Vyas (3 (link)). We cloned the 20-bp guide sequence for ADE2 into the pV1093 vector, yielding pADE2-sgRNA. The CaCAS9 gene was the CAS9 gene that had been codon optimized for expression in C. albicans (3 (link)). The CaCAS9 expression cassette containing the ENO1 promoter, CaCAS9 open reading frame (ORF), and CYC1 terminator was PCR amplified from plasmid pV1093 (Fig. 2A). The sgRNA expression cassette containing the SNR52 promoter, guide sequence, and sgRNA scaffold sequence was assembled by the single-joint PCR method (11 (link)). In the first step, the SNR52 promoter and sgRNA scaffold components were PCR amplified using both flanking primers and internal chimeric primers (Fig. 3). The chimeric primers overlapped by a 20-base segment that specified the guide sequence. In the second step, both components were joined by primer extension, relying upon annealing of the complementary chimeric primer extensions. In the third step, the joined product was PCR amplified with nested primers to yield the sgRNA cassette (Fig. 3). Gene deletion PCR constructs were synthesized using plasmid pNAT or pRS-ARG4 (15 (link)) or the CdARG4 plasmid pSN105 (10 (link)), modified slightly, as the template. The primers were designed to include 80 bases with homology to the sequences upstream or downstream from the target gene (Fig. 2B). The oligonucleotides used in this study are listed in Table S1 in the supplemental material. PCR was conducted with Ex Taq in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions (TaKaRa Bio, Inc.).
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Publication 2016
Candida albicans Chimera Cloning Vectors Codon Gene Deletion Genes Joints NAT2 protein, human Nourseothricin Oligonucleotide Primers Oligonucleotides Plasmids Thyroid Dyshormonogenesis 3
Plasmids for CaCas9 Duet and Solo systems are listed in the Supplementary Materials. The CaCas9 DNA was synthesized by BioBasic, with codons optimized for expression in both C. albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All key components were verified by sequencing and restriction analysis, and vector sequences will be provided upon request. Solo and/or Duet vectors (5 to 10 μg) were linearized by digesting with Kpn1 and Sac1 before transformation for efficient targeting to the ENO1 and/or the RP10 locus. Purified repair templates (3 μg) were transformed along with the guide expression plasmids for the Solo or Duet systems. Repair templates were generated with 60-bp oligonucleotide primers containing 20-bp overlap at their 3′ ends centered on the desired mutation point. Primers were extended by thermocycling with ExTaq. Most guides were either immediately adjacent to or within 15 bp of the desired mutagenesis point. Phosphorylated and annealed guide sequence–containing primers were ligated into CIP (calf intestinal phosphatase)–treated BsmBI-digested parent vectors as depicted in Fig. 1C. Correct clones were identified by sequencing.
Publication 2015
Candida albicans Clone Cells Cloning Vectors Codon Intestines Mutagenesis Oligonucleotide Primers Parent Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Plasmids Point Mutation Retinitis Pigmentosa 10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
Plasmids for CaCas9 Duet and Solo systems are listed in the Supplementary Materials. The CaCas9 DNA was synthesized by BioBasic, with codons optimized for expression in both C. albicans and Saccharomyces cerevisiae. All key components were verified by sequencing and restriction analysis, and vector sequences will be provided upon request. Solo and/or Duet vectors (5 to 10 μg) were linearized by digesting with Kpn1 and Sac1 before transformation for efficient targeting to the ENO1 and/or the RP10 locus. Purified repair templates (3 μg) were transformed along with the guide expression plasmids for the Solo or Duet systems. Repair templates were generated with 60-bp oligonucleotide primers containing 20-bp overlap at their 3′ ends centered on the desired mutation point. Primers were extended by thermocycling with ExTaq. Most guides were either immediately adjacent to or within 15 bp of the desired mutagenesis point. Phosphorylated and annealed guide sequence–containing primers were ligated into CIP (calf intestinal phosphatase)–treated BsmBI-digested parent vectors as depicted in Fig. 1C. Correct clones were identified by sequencing.
Publication 2015
Candida albicans Clone Cells Cloning Vectors Codon Intestines Mutagenesis Oligonucleotide Primers Parent Phosphoric Monoester Hydrolases Plasmids Point Mutation Retinitis Pigmentosa 10 Saccharomyces cerevisiae
To make the species-specific calibration functions to correct higher OD values, cells were grown overnight to stationary phase in synthetic defined media; YNB with 2 % (w/v) glucose for the various yeast species and LB medium for Escherichia coli. The stationary phase cultures were x1.5 serially diluted in the corresponding growth media to finally reach 15 dilution-steps, and the whole series of dilutions measured in the Bioscreen instrument. The blank-corrected diluted OD values and the blank-corrected undiluted OD values are for practical purposes indistinguishable up to OD ≈ 0.3, and above this value the true OD values were calculated using the corresponding dilution factor and the diluted samples (OD < 0.3). A blank value was estimated on only media without cells, and this value was subtracted from all other measured OD values. Using the previously established formula for calibration, y = x + cx3 [51 ], which assumes a near 1:1 linearity for low OD, the following values for c were found: Candida albicans: c = 0.5790256635480614, Pichia pastoris: c = 0.5653284345804932, Schizosaccharomyces pombe: c = 0.64672463774234579, and E. coli: c = 0.75389848795692815. For S. cerevisiae we obtained c = 0.82673123484708266 which is very close to the earlier established and since long used c value for this species, 0.8324057 [19 (link), 51 ]; for consistency reasons we will stay with the old c value.
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Publication 2016
Candida albicans Cells Culture Media Escherichia coli Glucose Komagataella pastoris LINE-1 Elements Saccharomyces cerevisiae Schizosaccharomyces pombe Technique, Dilution Yeasts

Most recents protocols related to «Candida albicans»

Example 6

Table 6 demonstrated a synergistic effect between C1-8 organic acids and amino acid based surfactant against Candida albicans under the standard test EN13624, wherein the organic acids were a mixture of lactic acid and formic acid, the amino acid based surfactant was sodium sarcosinate, and the stabilizing agent was ethanol.

TABLE 6
FormulationLMNOP
IngredientsOn 100%On 100%On 100%On 100%On 100%
Organic Acids5.100.55.48.1
on 100% active
Sodium sarcosinate,09999
30%
Ethanol, 95%5.25.25.25.25.2
Glycerine, 87%11111
SLES 2EO, 28%(1)99999
SLS, 30%99999
WaterBal.Bal.Bal.Bal.Bal.
Micro Efficiency<1<11.382.004.18
against
Candida Albicans
(Log reduction)
(1)SLES 2EO is Sodium lauryl ether sulfate, 2EO
(2)SLS is Sodium laureth sulfate

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Patent 2024
Acids Amino Acids Candida albicans Ethanol Ethers formic acid Glycerin Lactic Acid lauryl ether sulfate Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Microbicides Sodium sodium laureth sulfate Sodium Sarcosinate Stabilizing Agents Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl Surface-Active Agents

Example 12

Time 0 CFU/ml
Candida auris: 4.5E+05
GAS 594: 2.7E+06
B. subtilis: 1.1E+07
Determined MIC/MBC at 24 hours
MicrobeAgent TestedMIC/MBC (ug/ml)
Bacillus subtilisGML50
SGML10
S2GML<1.0
Streptococcus pyogenesGML1.0
SGML0.1
S2GML<0.1
Candida aurisGML50
SGML10
S2GML1.0

Candida auris is a newly emerging yeast (fungus) that is causing skin and bloodstream infections in humans. It easily becomes resistant to anti-fungal agents, making development of novel therapeutics a necessity. This organism is related to Candida albicans and other Candida species. The MIC and MBC in the above table show very good activity of both the SGML and S2GML versus this organism.

Bacillus subtilis, an aerobic spore-former, was incubated with 200 RPM shaking at 37° C. The strain was a recent clinical isolate at the University of Iowa, and proves to develop resistance to standard anti-fungal agents.

Streptococcus pyogenes (Group A Streptococcus) 594 is a standard scarlet fever strain that has been extensively published on. The strain was incubated stationary at 37° C. in 5% CO2.

All solutions used in the MBC and MIC studies were prepared from a stock of 100 mg/ml of either GML, SGML or S2GML in absolute ethanol.

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Patent 2024
Anti-Anxiety Agents Antiviral Agents Bacillus subtilis Bacteria, Aerobic Candida Candida albicans Candida auris Ethanol Fungi Homo Microbicides Scarlet Fever Septicemia Skin Spores Strains Streptococcus pyogenes Sulfur Therapeutics Triose Sugar Alcohols Yeasts

Example 5

The Lactobacillus ingested through the oral cavity passes through the stomach with the lower acidity and the intestines with high digestive enzymes and are exposed to low pH of gastric acid, pepsin, intestinal bile salts and digestive enzymes. Therefore, in order to utilize microorganisms as probiotics, gastric juice resistance is essential to survive in low pH and enzymes, and bile juice resistance is essential to survive in extreme intestinal environment. In accordance with the present disclosure, experiments were conducted to identify resistance to artificial gastric juice and bile juice of the above two strains with superior inhibitory effects against Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans. The pH of the gastric juice in the body is maintained at about 3.0, and the food passes through the stomach for about 3 hours. In general, when maintaining viable cell count for 3 hours or more at pH 3, the cells has the high resistance to acidity. In order to identify the intestinal viability of Lactobacillus, survival experiments for artificial gastric juice and artificial bile juice were conducted with reference to Maragkoudakis' method. MG4272 and MG4288 strains were streaked on MRS plate medium and incubated at 37° C. for 24 hours, and the resulting colonies were inoculated in MRS liquid medium and incubated (37° C., 24 hours). Then, 2% passage was incubated for 24 hours in fresh MRS medium. The culture medium was then centrifuged (4,000×g, 4° C., 5 minutes) and washed twice with phosphate-buffer saline (PBS, pH 7.4). The washed cells were adjusted to OD600 1.0 (108 to 109 CFU/mL) and used for resistance experiments to the artificial gastric juice and artificial bile solution, respectively. As a control, 900 μL of pH 7 PBS was added to 100 μL of diluted Lactobacillus and the mixture was shaken and the number of viable cells was measured immediately. In order to identify the resistance to gastric juice, pepsin (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louise, USA) was dissolved in 3 g/L of pH 3 to pH 4 PBS to prepare an artificial gastric juice. 100 μL of lactobacillus diluent was added to 900 μL of artificial gastric juice, shaken, and cultured at 37° C. In 3 hours, the viable cell count was measured. To identify resistance to the artificial bile juice, pancreatin (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louise, USA) was dissolved in 1 g/L at pH 7 to pH 8 to prepare artificial bile juice. 100 μL of lactobacillus diluent was added to 900 μL of artificial bile juice, shaken and incubated at 37° C. In 4 hours, the viable cell count was measured. The measured results are shown in Table 1 in terms of log CFU/ml.

TABLE 1
Artificial gastric juiceArtificial bile solution
Selectedtest grouptest group
strainsControlpH 3pH 4pH 7pH 8
MG42728.53 ± 0.018.47 ± 0.018.52 ± 0.018.52 ± 0.028.49 ± 0.02
MG42888.46 ± 0.068.40 ± 0.048.44 ± 0.028.41 ± 0.018.41 ± 0.02

As shown in Table 1 both strains of MG4272 and MG4288 were identified to maintain the viable cell count of 108 CFU/mL or more after 3 hours at pH 3, thereby identifying excellent acid resistance. In the artificial bile resistance test, both strains of MG4272 and MG4288 were identified to maintain the viable cell count of 108 CFU/mL or more, thereby identifying excellent bile resistance.

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Patent 2024
Acids Bile Buffers Candida albicans Cells Culture Media Digestion Enzymes Food Gardnerella vaginalis Gastric Acid Heartburn Human Body Intestines Juices, Gastric Lactobacillus Oral Cavity Pancreatin Pepsin A Phosphates Probiotics Psychological Inhibition Saline Solution Salts, Bile Stomach Strains

Example 3

3.1 Sequence Analysis and Phylogenetic Tree Identification of MG4272 and MG4288 Strains

16S rRNA gene sequencing was performed using universal rRNA gene primers (27F, 1492R) of MG4272 and MG4288 strains. Each process was performed through Sol-gent (Daejeon, Korea). The analyzed sequences were compared and identified with the Genebank database using the Basic Local Alignment Search Tool (Blast) of the National Center for Biotechnology Institute (NCBI). The phylogenetic tree was created using the neighbor joining method of MEGA 7.0 software. The 16s rRNA sequence of the analyzed MG4272 strain was shown as SEQ ID NO: 1, and 16s rRNA base sequence of the MG4288 strain was shown in SEQ ID NO: 2. The phylogenetic tree of the MG4272 and MG4288 strains was shown in FIG. 3.

As shown in FIG. 3, the two strains with superior antimicrobial activity against Gardnerella vaginalis and Candida albicans were identified to be Lactobacillus paracasei MG4272 and Lactobacillus rhamnosus MG4288 based on the 16S rRNA sequences analysis. The identified Lactobacillus paracasei MG4272 was deposited on Mar. 12, 2019 on the Korean Collection for Type Culture (Korea) and was assigned accession number KCTC13822BP. Lactobacillus rhamnosus MG4288 was deposited on Mar. 12, 2019 on the Korean Collection for Type Culture (Korea) and was assigned accession number KCTC13823BP.

3.2 Identification of Morphological Characteristics of MG4272 and MG4288 Strains

To identify the morphological characteristics of MG4272 and MG4288 strains, the MG4272 and MG4288 strains were immobilized in 1% glutaraldehyde (Sigma-Aldrich, Saint Louise, USA) solution at 4° C. for 24 hours, and were dehydrated with ethanol and observed using a scanning electron microscope (Field emission scanning electron microscope, 54300, Hitach, Tokyo, Japan). The observed results are shown in FIG. 4.

As shown in FIG. 4, the cell morphology of the MG4272 and MG4288 strains was identified to be bacillus by the scanning electron microscope.

The MG4272 and MG4288 strains selected in accordance with the present disclosure were Lactobacillus paracasei or Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains, respectively. Both Lactobacillus paracasei and Lactobacillus rhamnosus strains are listed in the standards and specifications of the Ministry of Food and Drug Safety and functional foods and are safe.

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Patent 2024
Candida albicans Ethanol Food Functional Food Gardnerella vaginalis Genes Glutaral Koreans Lacticaseibacillus casei Lacticaseibacillus paracasei Lactobacillus casei rhamnosus Microbicides Oligonucleotide Primers Pharmaceutical Preparations Ribosomal RNA Genes RNA, Ribosomal, 16S Safety Scanning Electron Microscopy Strains

Example 8

Disinfectant Formulation T comprised a mixture of lactic acid and formic acid as the C1-8 organic acids, sodium sarcosinate as the amino acid based surfactant, and ethanol as the stabilizing agent.

Formulation T
Amount
Ingredient% ActiveWeight (g)% Weight
Water100% 61.061.00
SLES 2EO/3EO28%9.02.52
SLS30%9.02.70
Sodium Sarcosinate30%9.02.70
Glycerine87%1.00.87
Lactic acid88%4.74.14
Formic acid85%1.100.94
Ethanol95%5.24.94
100.0100.00%

Table 8 showed the physical stability and antimicrobial stability data for Formulation T at 40° C. storage. Formulation T was physical stable and maintained its antimicrobial activity for at least three months during storage.

TABLE 8
Stability periodMicro Efficacy Against
(at 40° C.pHCandida albicans
storage)Appearance(range 2.3 to 2.8)(EN13624, log reduction)
0 dayClear, stable liquid2.70> 4
1 monthClear, stable liquid2.70> 4
3 monthClear, stable liquid2.78> 4

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Patent 2024
Acids Amino Acids Candida albicans Ethanol formic acid Formic Acids Glycerin Lactic Acid Lupus Erythematosus, Systemic Microbicides Physical Examination Sodium Sodium Sarcosinate Stabilizing Agents Surface-Active Agents

Top products related to «Candida albicans»

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Candida albicans is a species of yeast that is commonly found in the human microbiome. It is a versatile and well-studied organism used in a variety of laboratory applications, including microbiology, immunology, and biochemistry research.
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Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial strain available in the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) product portfolio. It is a Gram-positive, spherical-shaped bacterium commonly found in the human nasal passages and on the skin. This strain is widely used in research and laboratory settings for various applications.
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Escherichia coli is a bacterium that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It serves as a model organism for microbiology and molecular biology research. Escherichia coli can be cultivated and studied to understand fundamental cellular processes and mechanisms.
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Pseudomonas aeruginosa is a bacterial strain available from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC). It is a Gram-negative, aerobic bacterium commonly found in soil and water environments. This strain can be used for various research and testing purposes.
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Bacillus subtilis is a Gram-positive, rod-shaped bacterium commonly found in soil and the gastrointestinal tract of humans and animals. It is a widely used laboratory strain for research and industrial applications.
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Enterococcus faecalis is a Gram-positive, facultatively anaerobic bacterium. It is commonly found in the human gastrointestinal tract and is known for its ability to survive in diverse environments.
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Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, non-spore-forming, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium. It is a common inhabitant of the human gastrointestinal tract and can cause various types of infections, including pneumonia, urinary tract infections, and septicemia.
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Sabouraud dextrose agar is a laboratory culture medium used for the growth and isolation of fungi. It is formulated to provide a nutrient-rich environment that supports the growth of a wide range of fungal species. The agar contains dextrose as a carbon source, and the low pH helps to inhibit the growth of bacteria, allowing for the selective isolation of fungal organisms.
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More about "Candida albicans"

Candida albicans is a yeast-like fungus that is a common member of the human gut microbiome.
It is a opportunistic pathogen that can cause infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals.
Candida research is crucial for understanding its role in health and disease, as well as developing effective treatments.
PubCompare.ai is an innovative AI-driven platform that enhances the reproducibility and accuracy of Candida albicans research.
It helps scientists easily locate protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, while utilizing AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
This cutting-edge technoloogy improves the efficiency and quality of Candida albicans research, enabling seamless and impactful investigations.
Candida albicans is often studied alongside other common microbial species, such as Staphylococcus aureus, Escherichia coli, Pseudomonas aeruginosa, Bacillus subtilis, Enterococcus faecalis, and Klebsiella pneumoniae.
These microorganisms can interact with Candida in the human body and play a role in various health conditions.
Researchers commonly use Sabouraud dextrose agar and RPMI 1640 medium to culture and study Candida albicans in the laboratory.
These specialized media provide the necessary nutrients and conditions for the fungus to grow and thrive.
By leveraging the insights and capabilities of PubCompare.ai, scientists can enhance the efficiency, reproducibility, and impact of their Candida albicans research, leading to a better understanding of this important fungus and the development of more effective treatments.