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Brassica rapa

Brassica rapa, also known as Chinese cabbage or napa cabbage, is a crucial crop species within the Brassica genus.
This fast-growing, leafy annual is widely cultivated for its edible leaves and stems, which are rich in vitamins, minerals, and fiber.
Brassica rapa plants exhibit a diverse range of morphological characteristics, including head-forming and non-heading types.
This species is an important component of many traditional cuisines, particularly in Asia, and has gained global popularity due to its versatility and nutritional profile.
Reserachers studying Brassica rapa can leverge PubCompare.ai, an AI-powered platform, to locate the best experimental protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, ensuring reproducibility and accuracy in their work.
PubCompare.ai empowers scientists to make informed decisions and advance their Brassica rapa research with confidence.

Most cited protocols related to «Brassica rapa»

1
Childhood Adversity Assessment in the NCS-R
Twelve dichotomous CAs occurring before age 18 were assessed in the NCS-R. Selection of CAs was based on our reading of the literature. These include three types of interpersonal loss (parental death, parental divorce, other separation from parents or caregivers), four types of parental maladjustment (mental illness, substance abuse, criminality, violence), three types of maltreatment (physical abuse, sexual abuse, neglect), and two other CAs (life-threatening respondent childhood physical illness, extreme childhood family economic adversity). The measures of parental death, divorce, and other separation (e.g., respondent foster care placement) focus only on biological parents, not step-parents or other caregivers. Respondents who were born to a single mother and never experienced any further disruption of this parenting arrangement were coded as not experiencing any parental separation. We did not include information about number of caregiver disruptions (e.g., multiple divorces) or separations (e.g., multiple foster care placements), but rather coded respondents dichotomously as having any versus no such disruptions because the rarity of multiple disruptions made estimates of dose-response relationships unstable.
Parental criminality, family economic adversity, and sexual abuse were assessed with short question series developed for the baseline NCS.10 (link) Parental criminality was assessed with questions about whether a parent either engaged in criminal activities like burglary or selling stolen property or was ever arrested for criminal activity. Economic adversity was assessed with questions about whether the family received welfare or other government assistance and whether the family often lacked enough money to pay for basic necessities of living. Sexual abuse was assessed with questions about repeated fondling, attempted rape, or rape. Parental mental illness (major depression, generalized anxiety disorder, panic disorder, antisocial personality disorder) and substance abuse were assessed with the Family History Research Diagnostic Criteria (FHRDC) Interview27 and its extensions.28 (link) Family violence and physical abuse of the respondent by parents were assessed with a modified version of the Conflict Tactics Scale.29 Neglect was assessed with questions used in studies of child welfare about frequency of not having adequate food, clothing, or medical care, having inadequate supervision, and having to do age-inappropriate chores.30 Life-threatening physical illness, finally, was assessed with a standard chronic conditions checklist.31 (link)
Green J.G., McLaughlin K.A., Berglund P.A., Gruber M.J., Sampson N.A., Zaslavsky A.M, & Kessler R.C. (2010). Childhood adversities and adult psychopathology in the National Comorbidity Survey Replication (NCS-R) I: Associations with first onset of DSM-IV disorders. Archives of general psychiatry, 67(2), 113.
Publication 2009
Abuse, Physical Antisocial Personality Disorder Anxiety Disorders Biopharmaceuticals Brassica rapa Childbirth Child Welfare Chronic Condition Criminals Diagnosis Food Major Depressive Disorder Mental Disorders Mothers Panic Disorder Parent Physical Examination Sexual Abuse Step-Parent Substance Abuse Supervision
2
Metabolite Extraction from Plant Tissues
All solvents used for sample preparation and analyses were of LC/MS-grade quality (CHROMASOLV, Fluka). A list of standard compounds used for the recovery experiment including sum formulas, molar masses, PubChem IDs and suppliers can be found in the Supplemental Information S3. L-Tryptophan-2′,4′,5′,6′,7′-D5 (98%) was purchased from Cambridge Isotope Laboratories. Arabidopsis thaliana (ecotype Col-0) was grown for six weeks on a soil/vermiculite mixture (3/2) in a growth cabinet with 8 h light ( 150 μE m−2s−1) at 22°C and 16 h dark at 20°C. Seeds of Brassica napus, Brassica oleracera and Brassica rapa were kindly provided by D. Strack, Department of Secondary Metabolism, Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry, Halle. All other seeds were obtained from local distributors. Procedures for extraction of leaf and seed material are provided in Supplemental Information S4.
Kuhl C., Tautenhahn R., Böttcher C., Larson T.R, & Neumann S. (2011). CAMERA: An integrated strategy for compound spectra extraction and annotation of LC/MS data sets. Analytical chemistry, 84(1), 283-289.
Publication 2011
11-dehydrocorticosterone Arabidopsis thalianas Brassica Brassica napus Brassica rapa Diet, Formula Ecotype Isotopes Light Molar Plant Leaves Plants Secondary Metabolism Solvents Tryptophan vermiculite
3
Annotating Brassica rapa Reference Genome
We named the newly annotated gene models following the standards of gene model nomenclature for Brassica reference genomes (http://www.brassica.info/info/genome_annotation.php): Bra (for Brassica rapa) followed by the chromosome number and letter “g” (for gene). Genes from the top to the bottom of chromosomes were assigned numbers (in steps of 10) with five digits with leading zero integers. To distinguish the genes in v3.0 from the other lines of B. rapa, the number “3” (for the third version of B. rapa reference genome) and a single capital letter “C” (for variety Chiifu-401-42) were assigned after a “.” following the gene numbers; for example, BraA05g036760.3C.
After gene prediction, gene functions were assigned according to the best match of the alignments against various protein databases using BLAST v2.2.31 (E-value = 1e-5), including the KEGG33 (link), Swiss-Prot, and TrEMBL databases34 (link). GO terms for each gene were obtained from the corresponding InterPro entries35 (link). Overall, we inferred 44,539 (96.86%) genes that were annotated based on the results from searching the protein databases (Supplementary Table S18).
Intact LTR-RTs were identified using LTR_finder36 (link) and classified the intact LTR-RTs by predicting the RT domains using the Pfam database (version 26.0) and HMMER software37 . Muscle38 (link) was then employed to perform multiple RT sequence alignments, and RAxML39 was adopted to construct maximum likelihood (ML) trees based on the sequence alignments with 500 bootstrap replications. Finally, the interactive tree of life (iTOL)40 (link) was used to plot the ML trees. The analysis of LTR insertion time was performed as previously reported4 (link).
We also performed noncoding RNA annotation for our assembly. tRNA annotation was conducted using tRNAscan-SE (v1.3.1)41 (link) according to its structural characteristics. Homology-based rRNAs were localized by mapping known full-length plant rRNAs to the B. rapa genome v3.0. snRNAs were predicted by Infenal (v1.1)42 (link) using the Rfam database43 . miRNA annotation was performed as previously described44 (link).
Zhang L., Cai X., Wu J., Liu M., Grob S., Cheng F., Liang J., Cai C., Liu Z., Liu B., Wang F., Li S., Liu F., Li X., Cheng L., Yang W., Li M.H., Grossniklaus U., Zheng H, & Wang X. (2018). Improved Brassica rapa reference genome by single-molecule sequencing and chromosome conformation capture technologies. Horticulture Research, 5, 50.
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Publication 2018
Brassica Brassica rapa Chromosomes DNA Replication FCER2 protein, human Fingers Genes Genome MicroRNAs Operator, Genetic Plants Ribosomal RNA RNA, Untranslated Sequence Alignment Small Nuclear RNA Term Birth Transfer RNA Trees
4
Forced Migration Impact on Sudanese and Ugandans
As part of a study designed to better understand the impact of forced migration on fertility, mortality, violence and traumatic stress among Sudanese nationals living in southern Sudan and Ugandan nationals and Sudanese refugees living in northern Uganda, we interviewed 3371 individuals from 1842 households in the Ugandan and Sudanese populations in the West Nile. Interviews were structured and were administered in the native languages of Lugbara or Juba Arabic. The study's design involved a multi-stage sampling design.
The full training of the interviewers took two months. The project objectives and the rationale behind the structure of the survey instrument as well as that of each question in the questionnaire were discussed in detail. Great attention was also paid to issues such as initial contacts, maintaining a professional attitude while in the field, avoiding influencing the respondent, and reducing interviewer and courtesy biases. The importance of collecting information by means of standardized questions so that the same question was asked to all respondents is stressed and questioning and probing skills were developed. Supervisors were instructed separately on data collection guidelines, their roles and their responsibility to ensure data quality. Keeping in mind the sensitive nature of some of the questions regarding violence and trauma and the fact that the team members were from the study population and probably had experiences similar to the respondents, a workshop on sexual and gender-based-violence was conducted by a consultant to the UNICEF office in Kampala, before the survey. The aim of this workshop was to increase awareness and sensitivity of the team towards respondents and their experiences. Another consultant to the project reviewed the team's interviewing skills and the project's data quality control measures just before the start of the survey. Problem areas were identified and remedied.
Data were complete and analyzed for N = 3179 respondents: 2,540 (75 %) of the respondents were women (15–50 years of age) and 831 (25%) were men (20–55 years of age). Details of the sampling, translation and assessment procedures, as well as the socio-demographic characteristics of the populations, have been described elsewhere [15 (link)].
Traumatic events were assessed using a checklist consisting of possible war and non-war related traumatic event types (i.e. witnessing or experiencing injury by a weapon or gun, beatings/torture, harassment by armed personnel, robbery/extortion, imprisonment, poisoning, rape or sexual abuse, beatings, abduction, child marriage, forced prostitution/sexual slavery, forced circumcision, etc.). The checklist was compiled after interviews with key informants (security personnel, doctors, community leaders, women's representatives) and 30 respondents from all three populations about their personal history of stressful events. Following these interviews, the single events obtained in these studies were rated as being potentially traumatic by experts. The following pilot checklist was pre-tested among further 44 Ugandans and Sudanese in areas not selected for the survey and modified according to the suggestions of the respondents. A primary item analysis based on inter-item correlations led to the exclusion of some events that were obviously not directly related to traumatic histories, e.g. the experiencing of witchcraft. Events included 19 experienced events and 12 witnessed events. Respondents were asked for each event type if they had experienced or witnessed such an event ever (i.e., lifetime experience) and if it happened in the past year. PTSD in respondents was assessed using the Posttraumatic Stress Diagnostic Scale (PDS), modified for assessment by trained lay interviewers [16 ]. The PDS is a self-report measure widely-used in industrialized countries as a screening instrument for the diagnosis and severity of PTSD based on DSM-IV Criteria.
Confidentiality was assured and it was explained that researchers were not working for any UN or Ugandan government organization. Informed consent was obtained using a standardized form explaining the potential risks of participation and explaining that no compensation would be provided. Informed consent forms were signed by the respondent and a witness; fingerprints were taken from illiterate respondents. No financial incentives were provided and respondents were informed that no improvements in living conditions were to be expected as a result of participating in the survey. Respondents were provided with referrals to counseling services provided by NGOs where available.
Neuner F., Schauer M., Karunakara U., Klaschik C., Robert C, & Elbert T. (2004). Psychological trauma and evidence for enhanced vulnerability for posttraumatic stress disorder through previous trauma among West Nile refugees. BMC Psychiatry, 4, 34.
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Publication 2004
Attention Awareness Brassica rapa Child Consultant Counseling Diagnosis Fertility Gender-Based Violence Households Hypersensitivity Injuries Interviewers Male Circumcision Physicians Population Group Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Refugees Secure resin cement Sexual Abuse Torture Woman Wounds and Injuries
5
Conflict-related Trauma and Suicide Behavior
Ethics statement: Ethical approval for the study was granted by the University of Ulster ethical committee. Written informed consent was obtained from the participants in this study for their involvement in the research.
The NISHS was the largest epidemiological study of mental health in NI. A multi-stage, clustered, area probability household sample was drawn based on the structure and information from the 2001 NI census. The sample size was 4,340 and the response rate was 68.4%. Data was cleaned and missing data collected or imputed prior to the analysis. See Bunting et al. for further details of the sampling procedures and quality assurance strategies [9] (link). The NISHS survey instrument was administered in two sections; all participants completed Section 1, section 2 was then administered to respondents who met the criteria for any core disorder, an additional 50% of individuals who were subthreshold core disorder cases, and a 25% sample of all other individuals (n = 1,986). This sampling strategy enabled the computation of weights to adjust for differential selection for Section 2. Weights to minimize the effects of bias included information relating to sample selection, nonresponse, and poststratification factors such as age, sex, and geographical region [14] . The NI population characteristics at the midpoint of the data collection period were used in these weight calculations.
The survey instrument was the WMH Composite International Diagnostic Interview (WMH-CIDI) [13] . This is a comprehensive, fully structured interview for the assessment of mental disorders according to the ICD-10 Classification of Mental and Behavioural Disorders: Clinical Descriptions and Diagnostic Guidelines (ICD-10) [15] and DSM-IV criteria [16] .
Lifetime suicidal behaviour was assessed using three questions from the suicidality section in part two of the WMH-CIDI: “Have you ever seriously thought about committing suicide?”, “Have you ever made a plan for committing suicide?”, and “Have you ever attempted suicide?”.
Traumatic events were assessed in the PTSD section of part two of the WMH-CIDI. Participants were presented with 28 types of traumatic events and asked whether they had experienced them during their lifetime and if they endorsed a particular event, they were asked the age at which they first experienced this event type. The research team identified events that were presumed to be conflict-related, drawing upon a previous study of conflict in Lebanon [17] (link). Individuals were assigned to a conflict-related category if they experienced any one of the following events from 1968 onwards: combat experience, peacekeeper in a place of war, unarmed civilian in a place of war, civilian in a place of ongoing terror, refugee, kidnapped, man-made disaster, beaten by someone other than parents or partner, mugged or threatened with a weapon, witnessed someone being killed or seriously injured, purposely caused injury or death, or saw atrocities. The event types classified as non-conflict related included rape and sexual violence, death or illness of a loved one or diagnosis with a life threatening condition. It is also likely that a proportion of unexpected deaths and traumatic events involving loved ones could be associated with the NI conflict, however we did not categorise these event types as conflict-related. This is therefore likely to be a conservative estimation of conflict-related trauma. Mental disorders were assessed on the basis of DSM criteria [16] again using the WMH-CIDI.
Chi squared tests were used to assess whether the difference in proportions between categories were statistically significant. The association between traumatic event types and suicidal ideation, plan and attempt, controlling for the effects of any lifetime mental disorder, was examined using logistic regression. The reference category for the logistic regression was not having endorsed suicidal ideation (“seriously considered suicide”). The analysis incorporated weights to adjust for the differential selection for Section 2, sample selection, nonresponse, and poststratification factors, age, sex, and geographical region [14] . All analyses were implemented using STATA version 10.0 [18] .
O'Neill S., Ferry F., Murphy S., Corry C., Bolton D., Devine B., Ennis E, & Bunting B. (2014). Patterns of Suicidal Ideation and Behavior in Northern Ireland and Associations with Conflict Related Trauma. PLoS ONE, 9(3), e91532.
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Publication 2014
Atrocities Behavior Disorders Brassica rapa Diagnosis Disasters Households Injuries Mental Disorders Mental Health Parent Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder Refugees Sexual Violence Suicide Attempt Wounds and Injuries

Most recents protocols related to «Brassica rapa»

1
Sofa Surfing: A Dangerous Gateway to Exclusion
Typically, women had repeatedly experienced several different types of homelessness. But sofa surfing was by far the most long lasting and repeatedly found. Women had wide networks which enabled them to sofa surf for considerable periods of time without exhausting their options. This was often linked with substance misuse and needing access to drugs “I was just sofa surfing. From drug house to drug house to drug house. Me drug addiction got worse and I looked terrible. And I met me baby’s dad through drugs… Met him quite early didn’t fancy him but it was just the drugs, I was there for the drugs (Gillian).
Underlining the importance of understanding sofa surfing as a gateway to exclusion many women detailed the inherent danger and vulnerability in needing to rely on others to find a place to stay:

You get to know people the wrong way sometimes. It’s really sad when you need, you know you’re doing a very dangerous thing... it also exposes the anger. Men who hate women. I always forget the word, misogynist. You become a needy woman, you meet a misogynist (Tracy).

Survival sex is understood as “the exchange of sex for material support” [20 (link)], and has previously found to be common amongst young homeless women [66 ]. Moore’s study, in Australia noted that issues of consent and coercion were obscured within this context [66 ]. The expectation of sex was hinted at by several women and explicitly expressed by Tracy:

I was couch surfing but there was many a night where I’d have to get out of there because they assume that means sex in bed and rock and roll, you know ... Because you owe something. And once you owe something, they can take anything. It’s dirty. It’s a really ugly, you know the word rape is um, is so misunderstood even as a victim of it because if you’re doing it for a place to stay, am I being raped? Or am I f****** him so I can have somewhere to sleep. You know what I mean? Excuse my language. It’s a horrendous place to be.

The routine violence and victimisation associated with sofa surfing is less well evidenced in the literature but well known by the women in this study. In particular sexual exploitation was understood to be prevalent: “I was thinking, “Shall I mention it [sexual exploitation] and I thought well I’m not going to be the only one am I?”(Sienna). That the women in this study were still sofa surfing despite being aware of the inherent dangers highlights the paucity of other options available to them.
McGrath J., Crossley S., Lhussier M, & Forster N. (2023). Social capital and women’s narratives of homelessness and multiple exclusion in northern England. International Journal for Equity in Health, 22, 41.
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Publication 2023
Anger BAD protein, human Brassica rapa Drug Dependence Drugs, Non-Prescription Infant Persons, Homeless Pharmaceutical Preparations Sleep Victimization Woman
2
Supplementing Dairy Cows' Summer and Autumn Diet
The cows mainly grazed pasture of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) mixed with red clover (Trifolium pretense) and white clover (Trifolium repens). Besides pasture, cows grazed chicory (Cichorium intybus) in spring. To meet energy requirements and to cope with the seasonal changes in pasture quality and production (Machado et al., 2005 (link)), cows were also fed additional supplements including maize silage (Zea mays) and turnips (Brassica rapa) on various days during the summer and autumn seasons along with main feed (pasture). Supplementary feeds are used when quality pasture is less available, to fill the feed deficits and to support the cows to maintain energy intake and production (DairyNZ, 2022 ). The supplements were only used to provide energy when there was insufficient pasture available especially during summer and autumn. Moreover, the purpose of providing supplements to milking cows in autumn is also to achieve calving body condition score (BCS) targets, if the feeds are not supplemented, cows are more prone to lose as quality pasture is insufficient at that time of the year. Maize silage and turnip stems and leaves as such (in situ) were fed around midday in the paddock. The cows had ad libitum access to drinking water.
Iqbal M.W., Draganova I., Henry Morel P.C, & Todd Morris S. (2023). Variations in the 24 h temporal patterns and time budgets of grazing, rumination, and idling behaviors in grazing dairy cows in a New Zealand system. Journal of Animal Science, 101, skad038.
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Publication 2023
Brassica napus Brassica rapa Cattle Cichorium intybus Clover Human Body Lolium Silage Stem, Plant Training Programs Trifolium Trifolium pratense Trifolium repens Zea mays
3
Trauma and Wellbeing Among Syrian Refugees in Jordan
This study used a cross-sectional design. A convenience-based snowball sample of Syrian refugees residing in non-camp settings in Jordan was recruited for this study in 2019. Participants were included if they were aged 18 years and older, had Syrian nationality, were officially registered as refugees, could read and write in Arabic, and were willing to participate with written informed consent. Participants who were treated with psychotropic medicines, had severe hearing or visual impairments, or had been diagnosed with a mental disease or substantial psychiatric illness (such as dementia or depression) were all excluded from the study. Syrian refugees residing in selected areas in Jordanian cities that are highly populated with Syrian residents were approached using the snowball sampling method when it was most convenient for them.
The questionnaire and methodology for this study were approved by the Jordanian Ministry of Health, and all procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Board of the Applied Science Private University. Data were collected between June and December 2019. After full disclosure, the study participants were requested to sign an informed consent form and completed a self-administered written questionnaire. A trained psychotherapist with more than 5 years of experience in working with refugees attended the visits to the participants to clarify any ambiguous item. Most participants were accessed in their homes or work places, upon their request. To have a variety in participants experiences, only one participant, who achieved the inclusion criteria and willing to participate, was recruited from each family. Based on an initial analysis of the completed questionnaires, participants with severe symptoms, needing medical help were referred to psychotherapist or psychologist clinics based on appointments made by the psychotherapist who attended the visit, for further assessment. It was explained to the study participants that the information they provided would help them receive better care and would not have an impact on their lives or treatment plans, and that if any of the questions made them feel uncomfortable or embarrassed, they could choose not to answer, or, if they did, that their responses would be kept confidential. Self-administered surveys were filled out anonymously and de-identified by assigning each participant a code in order to maintain confidentiality. The study was carried out according to the Helsinki Declaration.
A self-administered structured questionnaire comprising 4 sections was used for data collection. Section one included questions related to sociodemographic and personal aspects (such as age, gender, employment, and marital status). Section 2 included 2 components of the Arabic version of the HTQ; part I: trauma event, and part IV: trauma symptoms,21 (link)
 which was developed from the Diagnostic and Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders Text Revision (DSM-IV TR) published by the American Psychology Association (APA, 1987, 1994).22
The part I (trauma event) consisted of 42 questions that describe various stressors encountered by refugees, such as torture, rape, killing, and shortage of food or water, to explore the type of painful or horrific trauma events that evoked significant distress symptoms. Participants were asked if they had ever experienced, witnessed, or encountered an occurrence that involved real or threatened death, significant harm, or a threat to one’s own or another person’s physical integrity. The participants responded with 2 reaction options (yes or no). The part IV (trauma symptom) included 45 questions exploring the symptoms associated with the trauma felt by refugees. Part IV comprises of 2 parts: participants’ PTSD symptoms (16 items) and their self-perception of functioning (SPFS) (29 items), which includes questions regarding how trauma affects people’s perceptions of their capacity to operate in daily life. Separate PTSD symptoms and SPFS scores may also be computed in addition to the Part IV overall score (45 items).22
The answers to this part were rated on a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (not at all) to 4 (extremely). Shoeb et al23 (link)
 validated the Arabic version of the questionnaire among Iraqi refugees in the United States in 2007. The prevalence and severity of trauma symptoms were assessed using the mean item scores for the first HTQ-16 and the entire symptom scale (HTQ-45). A standard cutoff score of 2.5, as reported by Mollica et al24
(2004) was adopted to indicate probable PTSD.
The third section of the study questionnaire consisted of 15 questions, each question assesses a physical symptom (such as stomachache, backache, dysmenorrhea [for the female participants]) without identifying specific traumatic experiences, across the previous 4 weeks, using a 3-point scale ranging from “not bothered at all” to “bothered a lot.” These symptoms were selected based on previous literature.25 (link)
 An additional question was added to this section to assess the degree to which psychological problems and physical symptoms interfered with social activities. Participants rated their responses using a 5-point Likert-type scale, ranging from 0 (never) to 5 (all the time). The fourth section included 13 questions that assessed refugees’ satisfaction with the lifestyle, medical care, and child healthcare that they received following their settlement in Jordan. Participants’ responses were rated on a 5-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 “bad” to 5 “excellent”. To calculate the sample size, a 2-tailed independent samples t-test with a medium effect size of 0.40, a significant level of 0.05, and a statistical power of 0.80 was utilized. A total sample of 200 participants were needed to achieve a statistical power of 0.80 with a medium effect size using G*power. Another 30 additional participants have been included to account for attrition.
Basheti I.A., Ayasrah S.M, & Al-Qudah R.A. (2023). Post-traumatic stress disorders among Syrian refugees residing in non-camp settings in Jordan. Saudi Medical Journal, 44(1), 91-105.
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Publication 2023
6-pyruvoyl-tetrahydropterin synthase deficiency Back Pain Brassica rapa Child Dementia Dysmenorrhea Ethics Committees, Research Feelings Food Gender Infantile Neuroaxonal Dystrophy Mental Disorders Mesocricetus auratus Pain Physical Examination Psychologist Psychotherapists Psychotropic Drugs Refugees Satisfaction Self-Perception Tooth Attrition Torture Woman Wounds and Injuries
4
Impacts of Sexual Trauma on South African University Students
Thembi, a 25-year-old student from Gauteng, started therapy four months after she was assaulted and stabbed with a knife whilst studying in a local park near the university campus. Thembi had a history of multiple sexual traumas; at age 5–11 years, she was sexually assaulted by an adult female friend of her family. At age 22, she was raped by a male friend inside her home. Consequently, Thembi reported having had experiences of depression, characterised by low self-esteem and interpersonal difficulty.
Fiona, a 20-year-old student from the Western Cape, was sexually assaulted and raped by a female cousin. At age 12, her uncle sexually assaulted her, but she narrowly escaped by calling for help. Her experience of sexual trauma was never spoken about in her family. As a young adult, Fiona tended to isolate herself and struggled to function socially or to engage in romantic relationships.
Olga, a 21-year-old student from Gauteng, was raped by a friend from university. Olga did not inform the police about the rape as she did not want her family to know about her trauma. Olga felt confused about the rape because the perpetrator was a friend and she still saw him on campus. As a result, she struggled academically and was avoidant of the perpetrator.
Thando, a 21-year-old student from Gauteng, was stalked by an unfamiliar man in town who had exposed his genitalia to her in public, which led her to seek safety. As a result, she felt afraid to go to town as she believed that the perpetrator would find her and possibly rape her. In addition, Thando reported that her male cousin sexually assaulted her from age 7 to 12. At age nine, she witnessed her father being shot and seriously injured, and at age 14 she was physically attacked with a knife. Thando had difficulty with depression and low self-esteem.
Buyiswa, a 20-year-old student from the Eastern Cape, reported that three unknown men sexually assaulted her. Three months post-trauma, Buyiswa started trauma therapy and reported that she could remember certain parts of the assault and was unsure of the extent of the assault. Buyiswa stated that she did not inform her mother and found difficult to receive support from her family, as she did not want to burden them.
Anna, a 27-year-old student, reported that as a child she witnessed prolonged interpersonal violence between her mother and father, and that her father was emotionally abusive. At age 16, she witnessed her mother being shot and killed during a home break-in. At age 22, she reported that a work colleague raped her, and she believed that he drugged her after having supper with him. Anna found it difficult to trust people and had conflicting feelings toward her estranged father.
Tessa, a 20-year-old student from KwaZulu-Natal, was raped at age 15 and again at age 18. Tessa reported that she struggled with depression and low self-esteem. She described her relationship with her parents as emotionally guarded. According to Tessa, her family did not know about her sexual traumas. Tessa found it difficult to talk about her past and current traumas and avoided emotionally overwhelming experiences.
Booysen D.D, & Kagee A. (2023). Trauma survivors’ perceptions and experiences of prolonged exposure for PTSD at a psychology clinic. The South African Journal of Psychiatry : SAJP : the Journal of the Society of Psychiatrists of South Africa, 29, 1869.
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Publication 2023
Adult Brassica rapa Child ErbB Receptors Fear Feelings Friend Genitalia Interpersonal Violence Males Mothers Multiple Trauma Parent Safety Self Esteem Sexual Trauma Speech Student Therapeutics Woman Wounds and Injuries Young Adult
5
Isolation and Purification of Resting Spores from Chinese Cabbage
Resting spores were extracted from the root galls of Chinese cabbage, Brassica rapa cv. Granaat, inoculated with the single spore isolate H1 (provided by Prof. Elke Diederichsen, Freie Universität Berlin). Briefly, the galls were homogenized with sdH2O using an autoclaved homogenizer (Ultra-Turrax T25, IKA-Werke GmbH & Co. KG, Germany) and filtered through eight layers of sterile 50 μm nylon mesh. The filtrate was centrifuged at 500 rpm for 10 min, and subsequently the supernatant was transferred into new tubes and centrifuged for 10 min at 3,500 rpm to obtain the pellet. The pellet was rinsed twice with sdH2O. One portion directly resuspended with sdH2O was considered non-sterile spore suspension containing bacterial contamination. The other part was surface-sterilized with freshly prepared 2% chloramine-T (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) (w/v) for 20 min. After rinsing twice, the spores were incubated with antibiotics consisting of 2 μg ml-1 colistin sulfate (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany), 2 μg ml-1 vancomycin hydrochloride (Sigma-Aldrich, Germany) and 12 μg ml-1 cefotaxime sodium (Fluka, Germany) in the dark overnight to obtain the sterile spore suspension. The concentration was adjusted to 1.5×108 spores ml-1 using a haemocytometer. The spore viability in both fractions was assessed and confirmed by the CFW-PI dual staining method [25 (link)].
Wang Y., Zheng X., Sarenqimuge S, & von Tiedemann A. (2023). The soil bacterial community regulates germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores rather than root exudates. PLOS Pathogens, 19(3), e1011175.
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Publication 2023
Antibiotics, Antitubercular Bacteria Brassica rapa Cabbage Chinese chloramine-T Hydrochloride, Vancomycin Nylons Plant Roots Sodium, Cefotaxime Spores Staining Sterility, Reproductive Sulfate, Colistin

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Mlr 352 pe by Panasonic
Sourced in Japan
The MLR-352-PE is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Panasonic. It is designed to provide consistent temperature control for various applications within a laboratory setting. The core function of this product is to maintain precise and stable temperature conditions as required for specific research or testing procedures.
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Rneasy plus mini kit by Qiagen
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Canada, Japan, France, Spain, China, Australia, Italy, Switzerland, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden, Norway, Singapore, Jamaica, Hong Kong
The RNeasy Plus Mini Kit is a product from Qiagen designed for the purification of total RNA from a variety of sample types. It utilizes a silica-membrane-based technology to effectively capture and purify RNA molecules.
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Fl10blb by Toshiba
Sourced in Japan
The FL10BLB is a laboratory equipment model from Toshiba. It is designed for general laboratory use. The core function of this product is to perform tasks commonly required in a laboratory setting.
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Icpe 9000 instrument by Shimadzu
Sourced in Japan
The ICPE-9000 is an inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer (ICP-OES) instrument manufactured by Shimadzu. It is designed for the simultaneous multi-element analysis of a wide range of samples. The ICPE-9000 utilizes an argon plasma to atomize and excite the sample, and a charge-coupled device (CCD) detector to measure the characteristic emission spectra of the elements present.
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Azoxystrobin by J&K Scientific
Sourced in China
Azoxystrobin is a fungicide used in the treatment of various fungal diseases in crops. It works by inhibiting the respiration of fungal cells, preventing their growth and spread. The product's core function is to provide effective fungal disease control in agricultural applications.
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Dulbecco s modified eagle medium dmem by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, France, Canada, Australia, Japan, Portugal, Switzerland, Italy, India, Poland, Spain, Ireland
Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) is a cell culture medium commonly used in laboratory research. It is a nutrient-rich solution that supports the growth and maintenance of various cell types, including adherent and suspension cells. DMEM provides essential amino acids, vitamins, and other components necessary for cell proliferation and survival.
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Rneasy mini kit by Qiagen
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Spain, Japan, Canada, France, China, Australia, Italy, Switzerland, Sweden, Belgium, Denmark, India, Jamaica, Singapore, Poland, Lithuania, Brazil, New Zealand, Austria, Hong Kong, Portugal, Romania, Cameroon, Norway
The RNeasy Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the purification of total RNA from a variety of sample types, including animal cells, tissues, and other biological materials. The kit utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to selectively bind and isolate RNA molecules, allowing for efficient extraction and recovery of high-quality RNA.

More about "Brassica rapa"

Brassica rapa, also known as Chinese cabbage, napa cabbage, or pak choi, is a highly versatile and nutritious member of the Brassica genus.
This fast-growing, leafy annual is widely cultivated around the world for its edible leaves and stems, which are rich in vitamins, minerals, and dietary fiber.
Brassica rapa plants exhibit a diverse range of morphological characteristics, including both head-forming and non-heading varieties.
This species is a staple in many traditional Asian cuisines and has gained global popularity due to its culinary versatility and health benefits.
Researchers studying Brassica rapa can leverage the power of PubCompare.ai, an AI-powered platform that helps locate the best experimental protocols from scientific literature, preprints, and patents.
This ensures reproducibility and accuracy in their work, empowering scientists to make informed decisions and advance their Brassica rapa research with confidence.
When conducting Brassica rapa research, scientists may also utilize techniques and tools such as TRIzol reagent for RNA extraction, the Multiwave 3000 microwave digestion system, the HiSeq 2000 sequencing platform, the MLR-352-PE leaf area meter, the RNeasy Plus Mini Kit for RNA purification, the FL10BLB growth chamber, the ICPE-9000 inductively coupled plasma emission spectrometer, the fungicide Azoxystrobin, and Dulbecco's Modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) for cell culture.
The RNeasy Mini Kit is another commonly used tool for high-quality RNA isolation and purification.
By leveraging these resources and technologies, researchers can delve deeper into the fascinating world of Brassica rapa, unlocking new insights and advancing our understanding of this important crop species.