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Forsythia

Forsythia is a genus of deciduous shrubs in the olive family, Oleaceae.
These plants are known for their bright yellow flowers that bloom in early spring, often before the leaves appear.
Forsythia species are native to eastern Asia and have been widely cultivated as ornamental plants in gardens and landscapes around the world.
The genus includes around 10 species, which vary in size, shape, and flowering characteristics.
Forsythia are hardy, easy-to-grow shrubs that thrive in full sun to partial shade and a variety of soil types.
They are commonly used in hedges, borders, and mass plantings, and their vibrant flowers make them a popular choice for spring landscaping.
Reserach on the medicinal and phytochemical properties of Forsythia is an active area of study.

Most cited protocols related to «Forsythia»

1
Polymicrobial Oral Infection Protocol
Cited 13 times

P. gingivalis FDC 381, T. denticola ATCC 35404, and T. forsythia ATCC 43037 were used in this study and were routinely cultured anaerobically at 37°C as described previously [33] (link), [35] (link). Bacterial concentration was determined and cells were resuspended in reduced transport fluid (RTF) at 1010 cells per mL [35] (link). For topical oral polymicrobial infection, P. gingivalis was mixed with an equal quantity of T. denticola for 5 min; subsequently, T. forsythia was added to the culture tubes containing P. gingivalis and T. denticola, and cells were mixed thoroughly and allowed to interact for an additional 5 min. P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia were then mixed with an equal volume of 4% (w/v) sterile carboxymethylcellulose (CMC; Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) in phosphate buffered saline (PBS), and this mixture was used for oral infection (5×109 bacteria per mL) in ApoEnull mice as described previously [35] (link).
Rivera M.F., Lee J.Y., Aneja M., Goswami V., Liu L., Velsko I.M., Chukkapalli S.S., Bhattacharyya I., Chen H., Lucas A.R, & Kesavalu L.N. (2013). Polymicrobial Infection with Major Periodontal Pathogens Induced Periodontal Disease and Aortic Atherosclerosis in Hyperlipidemic ApoEnull Mice. PLoS ONE, 8(2), e57178.
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Publication 2013
Bacteria Carboxymethylcellulose Cells Coinfection Forsythia Infection Mus Phosphates Saline Solution Sterility, Reproductive
2
Cultivation of Tannerella forsythia
Cited 10 times
Tannerella forsythia ATCC 43037 (American Type Culture Collection, USA) and defined T9SS mutants (see below) were grown in 37 g L−1 of Brain-Heart-Infusion (BHI) liquid media (Oxoid, UK), containing 5 g L−1 yeast extract (Oxoid), 0.5 g L−1 L-cysteine (Sigma, Austria), 2.5 μg mL−1 hemin (Sigma), 2.0 μg mL−1 menadione (Sigma), 10 μg mL−1N-acetylmuramic acid (Carbosynth, UK) and 5% (v/v) horse serum (Life Technologies, Austria), under anaerobic conditions at 37°C for 4-7 days. For cultivation of T. forsythia wild-type and mutants on BHI agar plates (0.8% w/v), the amounts of L-cysteine, hemin, and N-acetylmuramic acid were doubled and plates were incubated under anaerobic conditions in an anaerobic jar (AnaeroJar; Oxoid) at 37°C. Media were supplemented with gentamycin and erythromycin at a concentration of 200 μg mL−1 and 5 μg mL−1, respectively, when appropriate.
Escherichia coli strains were grown under standard conditions in Luria-Bertani (LB) medium supplemented with 100 μg mL−1 ampicillin, when appropriate. P. gingivalis W83 is used as a reference strain for comparison with predicted components of the T9SS in T. forsythia ATCC 43037.
Tomek M.B., Neumann L., Nimeth I., Koerdt A., Andesner P., Messner P., Mach L., Potempa J.S, & Schäffer C. (2014). The S-layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia are secreted via a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation. Molecular oral microbiology, 29(6), 307-320.
Publication 2014
Agar Ampicillin Brain Cysteine Equus caballus Erythromycin Escherichia coli Forsythia Gentamicin Heart Hemin N-acetylmuramic acid Serum Strains Tannerella forsythia Training Programs Vitamin K3 Yeast, Dried
3
Gene Knockout in Tannerella forsythia
Cited 9 times
Gene knock-outs were based on the homologous recombination of a gene knock-out cassette deleting or disrupting the selected gene of the T. forsythia T9SS. Positive clones were selected based on transferred erythromycin resistance.
The gene knock-out cassette for constructing the TFΔ0955 mutant consisted of a 2,188-bp erythromycin resistance gene ermF-ermAM (primer pair 415/416) flanked by homologous up- and down-stream regions (Fig. 1A). Genomic DNA from T. forsythia ΔwecC (obtained from A. Sharma, State University of New York at Buffalo, USA) was used as a template. The 1,035-bp up-stream and 1,027-bp down-stream homology regions were amplified from genomic DNA of T. forsythia wild-type cells using the primer pairs 413/414 and 417/418, respectively. The three fragments were joined by overlap extension (OE-) PCR and sub-cloned into the blunt-end cloning vector pJET1.2 (Thermo Scientific) resulting in pJET1.2/TF0955ko. Approximately 5 μg of the circular gene knock-out construct were transferred by electroporation into 100 μL of T. forsythia culture grown to the early stationary phase. Cells were regenerated in BHI medium for 24 h before plating on BHI agar plates containing erythromycin as selection marker. Single colonies were picked and used for inoculation of liquid BHI medium. Once bacterial growth was visible, genomic DNA was isolated to confirm the integration of the knock-out cassette via PCR amplification using the primer pair 426/429.
The construction of the TFΔ2327 mutant was done essentially the same way as described for TFΔ0955 (Fig. 1B). Genomic integration of the gene knock-out cassette was verified using the primer pair 448/449.
Growth of the T9SS mutants was measured over a period of 5 days and the obtained growth curves were compared to that of T. forsythia wild-type.
Tomek M.B., Neumann L., Nimeth I., Koerdt A., Andesner P., Messner P., Mach L., Potempa J.S, & Schäffer C. (2014). The S-layer proteins of Tannerella forsythia are secreted via a type IX secretion system that is decoupled from protein O-glycosylation. Molecular oral microbiology, 29(6), 307-320.
Publication 2014
Agar Bacteria Buffaloes Cells Cloning Vectors DNA Fingerprinting Electroporation Erythromycin Forsythia Gene Knockout Techniques Genes Genome Oligonucleotide Primers Recombination, Genetic Vaccination
4
Detecting Oral Pathogenic Bacteria via PCR
Cited 8 times
DNA was isolated from mouse oral plaque samples using the Wizard Genomic DNA Purification Kit (Promega, Madison, WI) following manufacturer’s protocol. PCR was performed with a Bio-Rad thermal cycler using 16S rRNA gene species-specific oligonucleotide primers (P. gingivalis): 5′-TGTAGATGACTGATGGTGAAAACC-3′ (forward), 5′-ACGTCATCCCCACCTTCCTC-3′ (reverse); (T. denticola) TAATACCGAATGTGCTCATTTACAT-3′(forward), 5′-CTGCCATATCTCTATGTCATTGCTCTT-3′ (reverse); and (T. forsythia) 5′-AAAACAGGGGTTCCGCATGG-3′ (forward), 5′-TTCACCGCGGACTTAACAGC-3′ (reverse) [33] (link), [37] (link). Genomic DNA extracted from these three strains served as positive controls and PCR performed with no template DNA served as negative control. PCR was performed in a 50 µl reaction mixture containing Phusion® High-Fidelity PCR Master Mix (New England Biolabs, Ipswich, MA), template DNA and 0.2 µM of oligonucleotide primers, using the following parameters: 1 cycle of initial denaturation was performed at 98°C for 30 seconds, 35 cycles of a denaturing step at 98°C for 10 seconds, a primer-annealing step at 52°C for 30 seconds and an extension step at 72°C for 30 seconds, a final extension cycle was performed at 72°C for 5 min. PCR products were separated by 1.5% agarose gel electrophoresis and the bands were visualized using a BioRad Gel Doc XR/Chemidoc Gel Documentation System (BioRad, CA, USA). Each PCR assay could detect at least 0.05 pg of DNA standard.
Rivera M.F., Lee J.Y., Aneja M., Goswami V., Liu L., Velsko I.M., Chukkapalli S.S., Bhattacharyya I., Chen H., Lucas A.R, & Kesavalu L.N. (2013). Polymicrobial Infection with Major Periodontal Pathogens Induced Periodontal Disease and Aortic Atherosclerosis in Hyperlipidemic ApoEnull Mice. PLoS ONE, 8(2), e57178.
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Publication 2013
Biological Assay Dental Plaque Electrophoresis, Agar Gel Forsythia Genes Genome Mice, House Neoplasm Metastasis Oligonucleotide Primers Promega RNA, Ribosomal, 16S Strains
5
Polymicrobial Oral Inoculation Protocol
Cited 6 times
P. gingivalis FDC 381, T. denticola ATCC 35405, T. forsythia ATCC 43037, and F. nucleatum ATCC 10953 were obtained from ATCC (Manassus, VA) and cultured anaerobically at 37 °C51 (link). P. gingivalis and F. nucleatum were cultured in Tryptic Soy Broth (Becton Dickinson, Franklin Lakes, NJ) containing 5 mg/ml yeast extract, 0.5 mg/ml l-cysteine hydrochloride, 5 μg/ml hemin, 1 μg/ml menadione and 5% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA) for 3 days. T. denticola was cultured in oral treponeme enrichment broth media (Anaerobe systems, Morgan Hill, CA) for 5 days. T. forsythia was grown in tryptic soy broth containing 5 mg/ml yeast extract, 0.5 mg/ml l-cysteine hydrochloride, 5 μg/ml hemin, 1 μg/ml menadione, 10 μg/ml N-acetylmuramic acid (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO), and 5% FBS (Gibco) for 7 days. The concentration of each bacterium was determined quantitatively, and the organism was resuspended in phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) at 1 × 1010 bacteria per ml for experiments.
For the oral polymicrobial inoculation, P. gingivalis was gently mixed with an equal quantity of T. denticola and allowed to interact for 5 min. Subsequently, T. forsythia was added to the tubes containing P. gingivalis and T. denticola, and the bacteria were mixed gently for 1 min and allowed to interact for an additional 5 min. Lastly, F. nucleatum was added and mixed well with P. gingivalis, T. denticola, and T. forsythia. After 5 min, an equal volume of sterile 4% (w/v) carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC; Sigma-Aldrich) in PBS was added to the bacterial consortium and mixed thoroughly, then this mixture was used for the oral inoculation51 (link).
Gao L., Kang M., Zhang M.J., Reza Sailani M., Kuraji R., Martinez A., Ye C., Kamarajan P., Le C., Zhan L., Rangé H., Ho S.P, & Kapila Y.L. (2020). Polymicrobial periodontal disease triggers a wide radius of effect and unique virome. NPJ Biofilms and Microbiomes, 6, 10.
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Publication 2020
Bacteria Bacteria, Anaerobic Carboxymethylcellulose Culture Media Cysteine Hydrochloride Fetal Bovine Serum Forsythia Hemin N-acetylmuramic acid Phosphates Saline Solution Sterility, Reproductive Treponema tryptic soy broth Vaccination Vitamin K3 Yeast, Dried

Most recents protocols related to «Forsythia»

1
Transcriptional Profiling of Weeping Forsythia WRKY Genes
The RNA-seq data of 79 weeping forsythia WRKY genes were downloaded from NCBI, including data from fruit, stem, leaf (accession no. SRR17386487-SRR17386495), and flower tissues (accession no., SRX11342985, SRX11342993 and SRX11342994). RNA-seq data from fruit, stem, leaf was obtained at harvest time (July) of the weeping forsythia fruit (Li et al., 2022). RNA-seq data of flower were obtained at the flower bud period (March). The gene expression data of weeping forsythia under drought stress were from Wuzhishan populations under 80% and 20% soil water content (accession no. SRX7503009, SRX7503010, SRX7503012-SRX7503015; Li et al. 2021b (link)). The gene expression data of weeping forsythia under cold stress were from Wuzhishan populations at 25 ℃ and 4 ℃ (accession no. SRX7440183-SRX7440188; Li et al. 2021c (link)).
Low-quality reads with more than 10% anonymous nucleotides (N) and more than 50% of bases possessing a value Q ≤ 10 were removed from raw sequencing data. The gene expression level of all genes in these samples was estimated by fragments per kilobase of transcript per million fragments mapped (FPKM) using StringTie (Pertea et al. 2015 (link)). The expression patterns in different tissues and in response to drought and cold stresses were analyzed using the R package Heatmap. Log2FPKM ≥ 1 was used as the threshold to screen the WRKY genes that were effectively expressed in different tissues of weeping forsythia. Under drought and cold stresses, FC ≥ 2 and FDR ≤ 0.05 were used as the thresholds to screen WRKY genes involved in stress response.
Yang Y.L., Cushman S.A., Wang S.C., Wang F., Li Q., Liu H.L, & Li Y. (2023). Genome-wide investigation of the WRKY transcription factor gene family in weeping forsythia: expression profile and cold and drought stress responses. Genetica, 151(2), 153-165.
Publication 2023
Cold Shock Stress Droughts Forsythia Fruit Gene Expression Genes Nucleotides Plant Leaves Population Group RNA-Seq Stem, Plant Tissues
2
Phylogenetic and Structural Analysis of WRKY Genes in Weeping Forsythia
A phylogenetic tree using the neighbor-joining (NJ) method (Jones et al. 1992 (link)) was constructed using the obtained amino acid sequences. The NJ tree was constructed using MEGA 7.0 (Kumar et al., 2016 (link)) with the Poisson model, the pairwise deletion option, and 1,000 bootstrap resampling times. Finally, the phylogenetic tree was visualized using FigTree v1.4.4 (Rambaut 2009 ). TBtools (Chen et al. 2020a (link)) was used to visualize the introns and exons of all WRKY genes of weeping forsythia. The online database of MEME (https://meme-suite.org/meme/tools/meme, Bailey et al., 2009 (link)) was used to analyze the protein domains and conserved motifs of all WRKY genes in weeping forsythia. The analysis value of conserved motifs was set to 10, and the protein domains of WRKY family in weeping forsythia were visualized by TBtools (Chen et al. 2020a (link)). TBtools (Chen et al. 2020a (link)) was further used to extract the upstream 2 Kb sequence information of WRKY genes in weeping forsythia, and the online software PlantCARE (http://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/webtools/plantcare/html/; Thijs et al., 2002 (link)) was predicted the possible cis-acting elements of WRKY genes, and the predicted results were visualized by TBtools (Chen et al. 2020a (link)).
Yang Y.L., Cushman S.A., Wang S.C., Wang F., Li Q., Liu H.L, & Li Y. (2023). Genome-wide investigation of the WRKY transcription factor gene family in weeping forsythia: expression profile and cold and drought stress responses. Genetica, 151(2), 153-165.
Publication 2023
Amino Acid Sequence Deletion Mutation Exons Forsythia Gene Components Genes Introns Protein Domain Trees
3
Identification and Characterization of Weeping Forsythia WRKY Genes
The weeping forsythia genome was obtained from National Center for Biotechnology Information (accession no. JAHHPY000000000; Li et al., 2022). The keyword “WRKY” was used to search WRKY genes in the annotation file, and blasted the candidate genes in NCBI (https://blast.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/; Altschul et al. 1990 (link)) to identify the WRKY domain. The genes with conserved WRKY domain were considered the true WRKY genes. ExPASy online tool (https://web.expasy.org/cgi-bin/protparam/protparam; Artimo et al., 2012 (link)) was used to predict and analyze the physicochemical properties of WRKY protein in weeping forsythia, including molecular weight, isoelectric point, amino acid number, fat index, instability index, and hydrophobicity. The subcellular localization of weeping forsythia WRKY genes was predicted by Plant-mPLoc online software (http://www.csbio.sjtu.edu.cn/bioinf/plant-multi/, Chou and Shen, 2010 (link)), and the online software SOPMA (https://npsa-prabi.ibcp.fr/cgi-bin/secpred_sopma.pl; Geourjon and Deleage, 1995 (link)) was used to predict the secondary structure of WRKY protein.
According to the identified WRKY gene ID of weeping forsythia and the genome sequence of weeping forsythia, the chromosome position information of WRKY gene family members was obtained. The position of WRKY gene of weeping forsythia on chromosome was visualized by TBtools software (Chen et al. 2020a (link)). The genome and protein sequence data of Arabidopsis thaliana is from the Arabidopsis information resource (https://www.arabidopsis.org/; Eulgem et al., 2000 (link)).
Yang Y.L., Cushman S.A., Wang S.C., Wang F., Li Q., Liu H.L, & Li Y. (2023). Genome-wide investigation of the WRKY transcription factor gene family in weeping forsythia: expression profile and cold and drought stress responses. Genetica, 151(2), 153-165.
Publication 2023
Amino Acids Amino Acid Sequence Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thalianas Chromosome Mapping Chromosomes Family Member Forsythia Gene Annotation Gene Order Genes Genome Plants Proteins
4
Periodontal Microbiome Changes after Intervention
The main outcome variable was the reduction in PPD at 3 and 6 months after intervention, while BOP, CAL, REC, FMPS, FMBS, pocket closure, and detection scores of the five selected bacterial species’ changes (A. actinomycetemcomitans, P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, P. intermedia and T. denticola) were regarded as secondary outcomes. For each of the quantitative variables PPD, REC, CAL, a patient mean value was computed per time point, which was further used in the statistical analyses. Differences between groups for variables measured on a continuous or ordinal scale were analyzed using Kruskal–Wallis tests, with post hoc Mann–Whitney pairwise tests as necessary. Proportions were compared by chi-square tests. Assessment of intragroup differences between successive time points for quantitative variables was performed using Friedman tests, with subsequent Wilcoxon signed-rank tests for pairwise comparisons. The Bonferroni correction was used to account for multiple comparisons. p values < 0.05 were accepted for statistical significance. The statistical analyses were performed using the software R version 4.1.2 [43 ]. Changes in the detection frequency scores of the main keystone bacteria were evaluated in terms of the microbiological status. Results were noted and categorized into one of four groups: 0 = nondetectable, 1 = detectable < 104 (103 for A.a.), 2 = 104–105 (103–104 for A.a.), 3 = 105–106 (104–105 for A.a.), and 4 ≥ 107 (106 for A.a.) [42 (link)]. Using the Wilcoxon signed-rank test, intragroup comparisons of detection scores of pathogen species between the baseline and 6-month reevaluation time points were made. For intergroup comparisons of the detection scores at each time point, the Kruskal–Wallis test was applied.
Ilyes I., Rusu D., Rădulescu V., Vela O., Boariu M.I., Roman A., Surlin P., Kardaras G., Boia S., Chinnici S., Jentsch H.F, & Stratul S.I. (2023). A Placebo-Controlled Trial to Evaluate Two Locally Delivered Antibiotic Gels (Piperacillin Plus Tazobactam vs. Doxycycline) in Stage III–IV Periodontitis Patients. Medicina, 59(2), 303.
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Publication 2023
2-(4-fluorophenyl)-N-methylsuccinimide Bacteria Forsythia Pathogenicity Patients
5
Periodontal Bacterial Dynamics Analysis
All statistical analyses were conducted in R (v4.1.0). After testing for data normality, clinical data and questionnaire results were compared between baseline and follow-up. The Mann–Whitney test was used in continuous variables. Then, we the explored correlation of baseline (B), follow-up (FW) and the difference between B and FW (ΔB-FW) with the relative abundance levels of known periodontopathogenic bacteria (P. gingivalis, T. forsythia, T. denticola, F. nucleatum, C. showae, C. gingivalis, C. sputigena, P. intermedia, P. nigrescens, F. periodonticum, P. micra, C.ochracea, A. actinomycetemcomitans, A. israelii, Actinomyces gerencseriae). For this purpose, Spearman correlation test was used. A p-value < 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Izidoro C., Botelho J., Machado V., Reis A.M., Proença L., Barroso H., Alves R, & Mendes J.J. (2023). Non-Surgical Periodontal Treatment Impact on Subgingival Microbiome and Intra-Oral Halitosis. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(3), 2518.
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Publication 2023
Actinomyces gerencseriae Bacteria Forsythia

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ATCC 43037 is a type strain of the bacterial species Rhizobium leguminosarum. It is a Gram-negative, aerobic, and motile bacterium that can fix atmospheric nitrogen in symbiosis with leguminous plants. The strain is available for purchase from the American Type Culture Collection.
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More about "Forsythia"

Forsythia, a genus of deciduous shrubs in the Oleaceae family, is renowned for its vibrant yellow flowers that bloom in early spring, often before the leaves emerge.
Native to eastern Asia, these hardy and easy-to-grow plants have been widely cultivated as ornamental landscaping features around the world.
The genus includes approximately 10 species, varying in size, shape, and flowering characteristics.
Forsythia's medicinal and phytochemical properties have been the subject of active research.
Studies have explored the potential therapeutic applications of Forsythia extracts, which may contain beneficial compounds such as flavonoids, phenolic acids, and other bioactive molecules.
Researchers have investigated the use of Forsythia in traditional Chinese medicine and its potential for treating various health conditions.
In the laboratory, Forsythia research often involves the use of specialized tools and techniques.
Researchers may employ the Hemin compound, the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, and the N-acetylmuramic acid marker to study the plant's genetic and biochemical characteristics.
The ATCC 43037 strain and the Mini Protean electrophoresis apparatus may be utilized to analyze Forsythia's microbiological and protein profiles.
Additionally, the Menadione compound and the Inspect S50 scanning electron microscope can provide insights into Forsythia's morphological features and chemical composition.
Schaedler agar plates may be used to culture and isolate the T. forsythia bacterium, which has been associated with Forsythia and other plant species.
The inclusion of Horse serum in growth media can also be relevant for studying the interactions between Forsythia and its associated microorganisms.
By leveraging the insights gained from the MeSH term description and the Metadescription, researchers can optimize their Forsythia research protocols and uncover new discoveries about this fascinating genus of plants.
The PubCompare.ai platform offers a powerful AI-driven comparison tool to streamline the research process and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of Forsythia studies.