Log In Sign up
The largest database of trusted experimental protocols
> Living Beings > Plant > Lolium

Lolium

Lolium is a genus of cool-season grasses commonly known as ryegrasses.
These plants are widely cultivated as forage crops and for turf.
Lolium species are valued for their rapid growth, high nutritional content, and adaptation to a variety of soil and climatic conditions.
Resarchers can use PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to optimize Lolium research protocols, easily locate relevant literature, and identidy the most reproducible and effective procedures.
This can streamlien the research process and help achieve more reliable results for studies on Lolium species and their applications.

Most cited protocols related to «Lolium»

1
Optimizing Rumen Microbiome DNA Extraction
Cited 11 times
Rumen contents were collected in September of 2009 from a ruminally-fistulated Friesian-Jersey cross cow (Bos taurus, AgResearch animal identifier 723) and a Romney wether (Ovis aries, animal identifier 5472). The previously pasture-fed cow was fed 6 kg of meadow/pasture hay per day for one week before sampling and had free access to water at all times. The wether was maintained on a pasture diet which was mainly comprised of ryegrass (Loliumperenne). Food was withheld from the animals for two hours before sampling. Rumen samples (about 50 g) were accurately weighed, frozen at −85°C within 30 min of sampling, and freeze-dried. Each entire freeze dried sample was homogenised with a 100 W household coffee grinder (Russell Hobbs, Mordialloc, Victoria, Australia) and stored in airtight bags at −85°C.
In total, 15 DNA extraction protocols were compared (Table 1). The methods chosen are used to extract DNA from rumen and faecal samples in our and other laboratories. Unless otherwise stated, all methods were carried out as outlined in the instructions provided by the authors and manufacturers. Each DNA extraction method was performed in triplicate, each with 25 to 30 mg (accurately weighed) of each freeze-dried rumen sample, unless noted otherwise. DNA extracts were dispensed into 10- to 20-µl single-use aliquots, and frozen at -20 C, to avoid repeat freeze-thawing of DNA prior to downstream analyses.
Henderson G., Cox F., Kittelmann S., Miri V.H., Zethof M., Noel S.J., Waghorn G.C, & Janssen P.H. (2013). Effect of DNA Extraction Methods and Sampling Techniques on the Apparent Structure of Cow and Sheep Rumen Microbial Communities. PLoS ONE, 8(9), e74787.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2013
Animals Coffee Diet Domestic Sheep Feces Food Freezing Households Lolium Rumen
2
Prospective Cohort Study of Childhood Atopy
Cited 10 times

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2007
Adenoviruses Allergens Alternaria Aspergillus Asthma Birth Cohort Child Chlamydophila pneumoniae Coronavirus 229E, Human Cough Dander Dermatophagoides pteronyssinus ECHO protocol Eczema Egg White Enterovirus Fever Fever, Hay Freezing Histamine Human Metapneumovirus Influenza Lolium Milk, Cow's Mycoplasma pneumoniae Nasopharynx Normal Saline Para-Influenza Virus Type 1 Para-Influenza Virus Type 3 Parent Physicians Picornaviridae Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction Rhinorrhea Rhinovirus Saline Solution Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory Specimen Collection Test, Skin Wheezing
3
Chromosome Counts Across Plant Species
Cited 9 times
Root meristematic cells were obtained from seedlings: Allium cepa (2n = 2 × =16; chromosome size), A. fistulosum (2n = 2 × =16), A. schoenoprasum (2n = 2 × =16), A. altaicum (2n = 2 × =16), Linum usitatissimum (2n = 2 × =16), Triticum aestivum (2n = 6 × =42), Cannabis sativa (2n = 2 × =20).
Root meristematic cells were obtained from intensively grown plants in greenhouse: Allium roylei (2n = 2 × =16), A. wakegi (2n = 2 × =16), Humulus japonicus (2n = 2 × =17 for male or 2n = 2 × =16 for female plants), H. lupulus (2n = 2 × =20), Rosa wichurana (2n = 2 × =14), Populus nigra (2n = 2 × =38), Brassica oleracea (2n = 4 × =36), Ricinus communis (2n = 2 × =20), Anthurium andreanum (2n = 2 × =30), Monstera deliciosa (2n = 4 × =60), Philodendron scandens (2n = 2 × =32), Spathiphyllum wallisii (2n = 2 × =30), Syngonium auritum (2n = 2 × =24), Zantedeschia elliotiana (2n = 2 × =32), Aloe vera (2n = 2 × =14), Hippophae rhamnoides (2n = 2 × =24), Festuca arundinacea (2n = 6 × =42) and Lolium perenne (2n = 2 × =14), Thinopyrum ponticum (2n = 10 × =70), Th. elongatum (2n = 2 × =14).
Shoot meristems collected from seedlings for Triticum aestivum and Triticale (2n = 6 × =42) or from plants in the greenhouse for R. wichurana were also used as a source of divided cells for chromosome preparation.
Kirov I., Divashuk M., Van Laere K., Soloviev A, & Khrustaleva L. (2014). An easy “SteamDrop” method for high quality plant chromosome preparation. Molecular Cytogenetics, 7, 21.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2014
Allium Allium cepa Aloe vera Brassica Cannabis sativa Cells Chromosomes Females Festuca Hippophae rhamnoides Humulus Linum usitatissimum Lolium Males Meristem Monstera Philodendron Plant Roots Plants Populus nigra Ricinus communis Rosa Seedlings Triticale Triticum aestivum Zantedeschia
4
Robust SNP Identification Across Species
Cited 6 times
In all instances, visualization of alignments was performed using Tablet (Milne et al., 2013). For lentil, perennial ryegrass and phalaris, reference transcriptomes have already been described (Baillie et al., 2017; Shinozuka et al., 2017; Sudheesh et al., 2016). To provide a common standard across all species, the CDS file from the canola reference genome sequence (Chalhoub et al., 2014) was used as a proxy for a reference transcriptome. A simple in silico SNP genotyping process was implemented, involving initial fastq sequence quality trimming using a custom perl script as well as cutadapt v1.4.1 (Martin, 2011). The trimmed sequence data were then aligned to the reference exome using BWA and the mem algorithm (Li, 2013) and then converted to a BAM file and ultimately a vcf file using SAMtools view, mpileup, bcftools, vcfutils (Li et al., 2009) and vcftools (Danecek et al., 2011). Following the initial discovery process, a defined SNP list was developed and provided in the mpileup SNP filtration in all instances. As a generic filtering pipeline using mpileup, bcftools, vcfutils and vcftools, variants were called while ignoring indels, filtering for a minimum read depth of 5, a minimum of four alternate bases before calling a SNP, accepting only bi‐allelic SNPs, and only accepting SNPs with a MAF of 2%, and maximum missing data of 50%.
As vcftools does not consider nor accept population information corresponding to samples to allow different filtering options across and within populations/varieties (e.g. to retain SNP loci if the MAF criterion is satisfied in at least one population, but not the whole data set), a custom in‐house script was developed for data filtering. In‐house bash scripts were developed to extract the bi‐allelic genotypes (as a matrix) from the generated vcf files with a corresponding matrix of read depths (for subsequent missing data analysis). In‐house R scripts were also developed and used for MAF estimation and missing genotype data filtering, taking into account SNP loci performance within or between populations. For genotypes of canola, BAM files were sorted into spring and winter types due to the presence of significant population structure, and variants were called separately. The previous bioinformatic pipeline was altered such that the MAF threshold was adjusted to 5% within each population to allow more stringent variant calling. The two resulting SNP lists were then consolidated and all BAM files rerun through SAMtools mpileup to produce a complete SNP profile, removing SNPs found to be tri‐allelic between spring and winter types.
Malmberg M.M., Pembleton L.W., Baillie R.C., Drayton M.C., Sudheesh S., Kaur S., Shinozuka H., Verma P., Spangenberg G.C., Daetwyler H.D., Forster J.W, & Cogan N.O. (2017). Genotyping‐by‐sequencing through transcriptomics: implementation in a range of crop species with varying reproductive habits and ploidy levels. Plant Biotechnology Journal, 16(4), 877-889.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2017
Alleles Exome Filtration Generic Drugs Genome Genotype INDEL Mutation Lens culinaris Lolium Phalaris Single Nucleotide Polymorphism Tablet Transcriptome
5
Constructing a Ryegrass Reference Genome for GBS Analysis
Cited 6 times
Raw reads from the 12 FASTQ data files were initially checked on the basis of read count statistics and then subjected to de-multiplexing, tag alignment and SNP calling based on the TASSEL 5.0 GBS pipeline (Glaubitz et al. 2014 (link)). SNP calling was conducted jointly for all six libraries, combining data for Pop I–V into a single analysis. A ryegrass reference genome was constructed by aligning a published ryegrass assembly (Byrne et al. 2015 (link)) onto the Hordeum vulgare genome (version 082214v1.27) to form ryegrass pseudochromosomes. Non-genic regions of the H. vulgare genome were masked prior to alignment to ensure alignment by gene synteny. Ryegrass contigs were aligned to the H. vulgare reference genome using Lastz version 7.0.1 (Harris 2007 ) from within Geneious 8 (http://www.geneious.com; Kearse et al. (2012 (link)) with parameters left at default. GBS tags were aligned to the constructed reference genome using Bowtie2 (Langmead and Salzberg 2012 (link)).
Duplicated samples, from the two lanes of data per library, were merged for genotyping calling, based on the binomial likelihood ratio method implemented in the TASSEL pipeline (Glaubitz et al. 2014 (link)) and 1,093,464 biallelic SNPs were retained after filtering using VCF tools (Danecek et al. 2011 (link)) with the criteria of 50% maximum missing data per site, minor allele frequency (MAF) > 0.05 and read depth > 1. Reference and alternative allele counts for the 1,093,464 SNPs were retrieved and exported for KGD analysis (Dodds et al. 2015 (link)). After filtering by Hardy–Weinberg disequilibrium (HWdiseq > − 0.05) 1,023,011 SNPs, with a mean read depth of 2.94, were obtained and used to compute a genomic relationship matrix (GRM) in that software, for GEBV estimation. HWdiseq filtering was used, as recommended by Dodds et al. (2015 (link)), as a tool to filter SNP potentially from duplicated or repetitive regions of the genome.
The retained 1,023,011 SNPs were also additionally filtered by allowable level of missing data per SNP locus, resulting in three datasets composed of different numbers of SNPs (Table 1). These SNP datasets were used for GEBV estimation using the RR, RF and GBLUP methods as described below. For all GEBV statistical methods except KGD, missing SNP genotypes were imputed using mean imputation (MNI) as explained below.

SNP datasets produced for assessment of genomic selection statistical models

SNP setMissing data per SNP site (%)Total number of SNPsModels tested
1501,023,011KGD, GBLUP, RF
210249,546GBLUP, RR, RF
3143,966GBLUP, RR, RF

RR ridge regression, RF random forest, KGD GBLUP using KGD-generated genomic relationship matrix

Faville M.J., Ganesh S., Cao M., Jahufer M.Z., Bilton T.P., Easton H.S., Ryan D.L., Trethewey J.A., Rolston M.P., Griffiths A.G., Moraga R., Flay C., Schmidt J., Tan R, & Barrett B.A. (2017). Predictive ability of genomic selection models in a multi-population perennial ryegrass training set using genotyping-by-sequencing. TAG. Theoretical and Applied Genetics. Theoretische Und Angewandte Genetik, 131(3), 703-720.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2017
Alleles DNA Library Genes Genome Genotype Hordeum vulgare Lolium Repetitive Region Synteny Tassel

Most recents protocols related to «Lolium»

1
Microbial Seed Treatments for Enhanced Crop Performance
Not available on PMC !

Example 2

A. Seed Treatment with Isolated Microbe

In this example, an isolated microbe from Tables 1-3 will be applied as a seed coating to seeds of corn (Zea mays). Upon applying the isolated microbe as a seed coating, the corn will be planted and cultivated in the standard manner.

A control plot of corn seeds, which did not have the isolated microbe applied as a seed coating, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the seed coating will exhibit a quantifiably higher biomass than the control corn plants.

The biomass from the treated plants may be about 1-10% higher, 10-20% higher, 20-30% higher, 30-40% higher, 40-50% higher, 50-60% higher, 60-70% higher, 70-80% higher, 80-90% higher, or more.

The biomass from the treated plants may equate to about a 1 bushel per acre increase over the controls, or a 2 bushel per acre increase, or a 3 bushel per acre increase, or a 4 bushel per acre increase, or a 5 bushel per acre increase, or more.

In some aspects, the biomass increase is statistically significant. In other aspects, the biomass increase is not statistically significant, but is still quantifiable.

B. Seed Treatment with Microbial Consortia

In this example, a microbial consortium, comprising at least two microbes from Tables 1-3 will be applied as a seed coating to seeds of corn (Zea mays). Upon applying the microbial consortium as a seed coating, the corn will be planted and cultivated in the standard manner.

A control plot of corn seeds, which did not have the microbial consortium applied as a seed coating, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the seed coating will exhibit a quantifiably higher biomass than the control corn plants.

The biomass from the treated plants may be about 1-10% higher, 10-20% higher, 20-30% higher, 30-40% higher, 40-50% higher, 50-60% higher, 60-70% higher, 70-80% higher, 80-90% higher, or more.

The biomass from the treated plants may equate to about a 1 bushel per acre increase over the controls, or a 2 bushel per acre increase, or a 3 bushel per acre increase, or a 4 bushel per acre increase, or a 5 bushel per acre increase, or more.

In some aspects, the biomass increase is statistically significant. In other aspects, the biomass increase is not statistically significant, but is still quantifiable.

C. Treatment with Agricultural Composition Comprising Isolated Microbe

In this example, an isolated microbe from Tables 1-3 will be applied as an agricultural composition, administered to the corn seed at the time of sowing.

For example, it is anticipated that a farmer will apply the agricultural composition to the corn seeds simultaneously upon planting the seeds into the field. This can be accomplished, for example, by applying the agricultural composition to a hopper/bulk tank on a standard 16 row planter, which contains the corn seeds and which is configured to plant the same into rows. Alternatively, the agricultural composition can be contained in a separate bulk tank on the planter and sprayed into the rows upon planting the corn seed.

A control plot of corn seeds, which are not administered the agricultural composition, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the agricultural composition will exhibit a quantifiably higher biomass than the control corn plants.

The biomass from the treated plants may be about 1-10% higher, 10-20% higher, 20-30% higher, 30-40% higher, 40-50% higher, 50-60% higher, 60-70% higher, 70-80% higher, 80-90% higher, or more.

The biomass from the treated plants may equate to about a 1 bushel per acre increase over the controls, or a 2 bushel per acre increase, or a 3 bushel per acre increase, or a 4 bushel per acre increase, or a 5 bushel per acre increase, or more.

In some aspects, the biomass increase is statistically significant. In other aspects, the biomass increase is not statistically significant, but is still quantifiable.

D. Treatment with Agricultural Composition Comprising Microbial Consortia

In this example, a microbial consortium, comprising at least two microbes from Tables 1-3 will be applied as an agricultural composition, administered to the corn seed at the time of sowing.

For example, it is anticipated that a farmer will apply the agricultural composition to the corn seeds simultaneously upon planting the seeds into the field. This can be accomplished, for example, by applying the agricultural composition to a hopper/bulk tank on a standard 16 row planter, which contains the corn seeds and which is configured to plant the same into rows. Alternatively, the agricultural composition can be contained in a separate bulk tank on the planter and sprayed into the rows upon planting the corn seed.

A control plot of corn seeds, which are not administered the agricultural composition, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the agricultural composition will exhibit a quantifiably higher biomass than the control corn plants.

The biomass from the treated plants may be about 1-10% higher, 10-20% higher, 20-30% higher, 30-40% higher, 40-50% higher, 50-60% higher, 60-70% higher, 70-80% higher, 80-90% higher, or more.

The biomass from the treated plants may equate to about a 1 bushel per acre increase over the controls, or a 2 bushel per acre increase, or a 3 bushel per acre increase, or a 4 bushel per acre increase, or a 5 bushel per acre increase, or more.

In some aspects, the biomass increase is statistically significant. In other aspects, the biomass increase is not statistically significant, but is still quantifiable.

A. Seed Treatment with Isolated Microbe

In this example, an isolated microbe from Tables 1-3 will be applied as a seed coating to seeds of corn (Zea mays). Upon applying the isolated microbe as a seed coating, the corn will be planted and cultivated in the standard manner.

A control plot of corn seeds, which did not have the isolated microbe applied as a seed coating, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the seed coating will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to tolerate drought conditions and/or exhibit superior water use efficiency, as compared to the control corn plants.

The drought tolerance and/or water use efficiency can be based on any number of standard tests from the art, e.g leaf water retention, turgor loss point, rate of photosynthesis, leaf color and other phenotypic indications of drought stress, yield performance, and various root morphological and growth patterns.

B. Seed Treatment with Microbial Consortia

In this example, a microbial consortium, comprising at least two microbes from Tables 1-3 will be applied as a seed coating to seeds of corn (Zea mays). Upon applying the microbial consortium as a seed coating, the corn will be planted and cultivated in the standard manner.

A control plot of corn seeds, which did not have the microbial consortium applied as a seed coating, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the seed coating will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to tolerate drought conditions and/or exhibit superior water use efficiency, as compared to the control corn plants.

The drought tolerance and/or water use efficiency can be based on any number of standard tests from the art, e.g leaf water retention, turgor loss point, rate of photosynthesis, leaf color and other phenotypic indications of drought stress, yield performance, and various root morphological and growth patterns.

C. Treatment with Agricultural Composition Comprising Isolated Microbe

In this example, an isolated microbe from Tables 1-3 will be applied as an agricultural composition, administered to the corn seed at the time of sowing.

For example, it is anticipated that a farmer will apply the agricultural composition to the corn seeds simultaneously upon planting the seeds into the field. This can be accomplished, for example, by applying the agricultural composition to a hopper/bulk tank on a standard 16 row planter, which contains the corn seeds and which is configured to plant the same into rows. Alternatively, the agricultural composition can be contained in a separate bulk tank on the planter and sprayed into the rows upon planting the corn seed.

A control plot of corn seeds, which are not administered the agricultural composition, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the with the agricultural composition will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to tolerate drought conditions and/or exhibit superior water use efficiency, as compared to the control corn plants.

The drought tolerance and/or water use efficiency can be based on any number of standard tests from the art, e.g leaf water retention, turgor loss point, rate of photosynthesis, leaf color and other phenotypic indications of drought stress, yield performance, and various root morphological and growth patterns.

D. Treatment with Agricultural Composition Comprising Microbial Consortia

In this example, a microbial consortium, comprising at least two microbes from Tables 1-3 will be applied as an agricultural composition, administered to the corn seed at the time of sowing.

For example, it is anticipated that a farmer will apply the agricultural composition to the corn seeds simultaneously upon planting the seeds into the field. This can be accomplished, for example, by applying the agricultural composition to a hopper/bulk tank on a standard 16 row planter, which contains the corn seeds and which is configured to plant the same into rows. Alternatively, the agricultural composition can be contained in a separate bulk tank on the planter and sprayed into the rows upon planting the corn seed.

A control plot of corn seeds, which are not administered the agricultural composition, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the with the agricultural composition will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to tolerate drought conditions and/or exhibit superior water use efficiency, as compared to the control corn plants.

The drought tolerance and/or water use efficiency can be based on any number of standard tests from the art, e.g leaf water retention, turgor loss point, rate of photosynthesis, leaf color and other phenotypic indications of drought stress, yield performance, and various root morphological and growth patterns.

A. Seed Treatment with Isolated Microbe

In this example, an isolated microbe from Tables 1-3 will be applied as a seed coating to seeds of corn (Zea mays). Upon applying the isolated microbe as a seed coating, the corn will be planted and cultivated in the standard manner.

A control plot of corn seeds, which did not have the isolated microbe applied as a seed coating, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the seed coating will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to utilize nitrogen, as compared to the control corn plants.

The nitrogen use efficiency can be quantified by recording a measurable change in any of the main nitrogen metabolic pool sizes in the assimilation pathways (e.g., a measurable change in one or more of the following: nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, asparagine, lysine, leucine, threonine, methionine, glycine, tryptophan, tyrosine, total protein content of a plant part, total nitrogen content of a plant part, and/or chlorophyll content), or where the treated plant is shown to provide the same or elevated biomass or harvestable yield at lower nitrogen fertilization levels compared to the control plant, or where the treated plant is shown to provide elevated biomass or harvestable yields at the same nitrogen fertilization levels compared to a control plant.

B. Seed Treatment with Microbial Consortia

In this example, a microbial consortium, comprising at least two microbes from Tables 1-3 will be applied as a seed coating to seeds of corn (Zea mays). Upon applying the microbial consortium as a seed coating, the corn will be planted and cultivated in the standard manner.

A control plot of corn seeds, which did not have the microbial consortium applied as a seed coating, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the seed coating will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to utilize nitrogen, as compared to the control corn plants.

The nitrogen use efficiency can be quantified by recording a measurable change in any of the main nitrogen metabolic pool sizes in the assimilation pathways (e.g., a measurable change in one or more of the following: nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, asparagine, lysine, leucine, threonine, methionine, glycine, tryptophan, tyrosine, total protein content of a plant part, total nitrogen content of a plant part, and/or chlorophyll content), or where the treated plant is shown to provide the same or elevated biomass or harvestable yield at lower nitrogen fertilization levels compared to the control plant, or where the treated plant is shown to provide elevated biomass or harvestable yields at the same nitrogen fertilization levels compared to a control plant.

C. Treatment with Agricultural Composition Comprising Isolated Microbe

In this example, an isolated microbe from Tables 1-3 will be applied as an agricultural composition, administered to the corn seed at the time of sowing.

For example, it is anticipated that a farmer will apply the agricultural composition to the corn seeds simultaneously upon planting the seeds into the field. This can be accomplished, for example, by applying the agricultural composition to a hopper/bulk tank on a standard 16 row planter, which contains the corn seeds and which is configured to plant the same into rows. Alternatively, the agricultural composition can be contained in a separate bulk tank on the planter and sprayed into the rows upon planting the corn seed.

A control plot of corn seeds, which are not administered the agricultural composition, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the agricultural composition will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to utilize nitrogen, as compared to the control corn plants.

The nitrogen use efficiency can be quantified by recording a measurable change in any of the main nitrogen metabolic pool sizes in the assimilation pathways (e.g., a measurable change in one or more of the following: nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, asparagine, lysine, leucine, threonine, methionine, glycine, tryptophan, tyrosine, total protein content of a plant part, total nitrogen content of a plant part, and/or chlorophyll content), or where the treated plant is shown to provide the same or elevated biomass or harvestable yield at lower nitrogen fertilization levels compared to the control plant, or where the treated plant is shown to provide elevated biomass or harvestable yields at the same nitrogen fertilization levels compared to a control plant.

D. Treatment with Agricultural Composition Comprising Microbial Consortia

In this example, a microbial consortium, comprising at least two microbes from Tables 1-3 will be applied as an agricultural composition, administered to the corn seed at the time of sowing.

For example, it is anticipated that a farmer will apply the agricultural composition to the corn seeds simultaneously upon planting the seeds into the field. This can be accomplished, for example, by applying the agricultural composition to a hopper/bulk tank on a standard 16 row planter, which contains the corn seeds and which is configured to plant the same into rows. Alternatively, the agricultural composition can be contained in a separate bulk tank on the planter and sprayed into the rows upon planting the corn seed.

A control plot of corn seeds, which are not administered the agricultural composition, will also be planted.

It is expected that the corn plants grown from the seeds treated with the agricultural composition will exhibit a quantifiable and superior ability to utilize nitrogen, as compared to the control corn plants.

The nitrogen use efficiency can be quantified by recording a measurable change in any of the main nitrogen metabolic pool sizes in the assimilation pathways (e.g., a measurable change in one or more of the following: nitrate, nitrite, ammonia, glutamic acid, aspartic acid, glutamine, asparagine, lysine, leucine, threonine, methionine, glycine, tryptophan, tyrosine, total protein content of a plant part, total nitrogen content of a plant part, and/or chlorophyll content), or where the treated plant is shown to provide the same or elevated biomass or harvestable yield at lower nitrogen fertilization levels compared to the control plant, or where the treated plant is shown to provide elevated biomass or harvestable yields at the same nitrogen fertilization levels compared to a control plant.

The inoculants were prepared from isolates grown as spread plates on R2A incubated at 25° C. for 48 to 72 hours. Colonies were harvested by blending with sterile distilled water (SDW) which was then transferred into sterile containers. Serial dilutions of the harvested cells were plated and incubated at 25° C. for 24 hours to estimate the number of colony forming units (CFU) in each suspension. Dilutions were prepared using individual isolates or blends of isolates (consortia) to deliver 1×105 cfu/microbe/seed and seeds inoculated by either imbibition in the liquid suspension or by overtreatment with 5% vegetable gum and oil.

Seeds corresponding to the plants of table 15 were planted within 24 to 48 hours of treatment in agricultural soil, potting media or inert growing media. Plants were grown in small pots (28 mL to 200 mL) in either a controlled environment or in a greenhouse. Chamber photoperiod was set to 16 hours for all experiments on all species. Air temperature was typically maintained between 22-24° C.

Unless otherwise stated, all plants were watered with tap water 2 to 3 times weekly. Growth conditions were varied according to the trait of interest and included manipulation of applied fertilizer, watering regime and salt stress as follows:

    • Low N—seeds planted in soil potting media or inert growing media with no applied N fertilizer
    • Moderate N—seeds planted in soil or growing media supplemented with commercial N fertilizer to equivalent of 135 kg/ha applied N
    • Insol P—seeds planted in potting media or inert growth substrate and watered with quarter strength Pikovskaya's liquid medium containing tri-calcium phosphate as the only form phosphate fertilizer.
    • Cold Stress—seeds planted in soil, potting media or inert growing media and incubated at 10° C. for one week before being transferred to the plant growth room.
    • Salt stress—seeds planted in soil, potting media or inert growing media and watered with a solution containing between 100 to 200 mg/L NaCl.

Untreated (no applied microbe) controls were prepared for each experiment. Plants were randomized on trays throughout the growth environment. Between 10 and 30 replicate plants were prepared for each treatment in each experiment. Phenotypes were measured during early vegetative growth, typically before the V3 developmental stage and between 3 and 6 weeks after sowing. Foliage was cut and weighed. Roots were washed, blotted dry and weighed. Results indicate performance of treatments against the untreated control.

TABLE 15
StrainShootRoot
Microbe sp.IDCropAssayIOC (%)IOC (%)
Bosea thiooxidans123EfficacyEfficacy
overall100%100%
Bosea thiooxidans54522WheatEarly vigor - insol P30-40 —
Bosea thiooxidans54522RyegrassEarly vigor50-60 50-60 
Bosea thiooxidans54522RyegrassEarly vigor - moderate P0-100-10
Duganella violaceinigra111EfficacyEfficacy
overall100%100%
Duganella violaceinigra66361TomatoEarly vigor0-100-10
Duganella violaceinigra66361TomatoEarly vigor30-40 40-50 
Duganella violaceinigra66361TomatoEarly vigor20-30 20-30 
Herbaspirillum huttiense222Efficacy—
overall100%
Herbaspirillum huttiense54487WheatEarly vigor - insol P30-40 —
Herbaspirillum huttiense60507MaizeEarly vigor - salt stress0-100-10
Janthinobacterium sp.222Efficacy—
Overall100%
Janthinobacterium sp.54456WheatEarly vigor - insol P30-40 —
Janthinobacterium sp.54456WheatEarly vigor - insol P0-10—
Janthinobacterium sp.63491RyegrassEarly vigor - drought0-100-10
stress
Massilia niastensis112EfficacyEfficacy
overall80%80%
Massilia niastensis55184WheatEarly vigor - salt stress0-1020-30 
Massilia niastensis55184WinterEarly vigor - cold stress0-1010-20 
wheat
Massilia niastensis55184WinterEarly vigor - cold stress20-30 20-30 
wheat
Massilia niastensis55184WinterEarly vigor - cold stress10-20 10-20 
wheat
Massilia niastensis55184WinterEarly vigor - cold stress<0<0
wheat
Novosphingobium rosa211EfficacyEfficacy
overall100%100%
Novosphingobium rosa65589MaizeEarly vigor - cold stress0-100-10
Novosphingobium rosa65619MaizeEarly vigor - cold stress0-100-10
Paenibacillus amylolyticus111EfficacyEfficacy
overall100%100%
Paenibacillus amylolyticus66316TomatoEarly vigor0-100-10
Paenibacillus amylolyticus66316TomatoEarly vigor10-20 10-20 
Paenibacillus amylolyticus66316TomatoEarly vigor0-100-10
Pantoea agglomerans323EfficacyEfficacy
33%50%
Pantoea agglomerans54499WheatEarly vigor - insol P40-50 —
Pantoea agglomerans57547MaizeEarly vigor - low N<00-10
Pantoea vagans55529MaizeEarly vigor<0<0
(formerly P. agglomerans)
Polaromonas ginsengisoli111EfficacyEfficacy
66%100%
Polaromonas ginsengisoli66373TomatoEarly vigor0-100-10
Polaromonas ginsengisoli66373TomatoEarly vigor20-30 30-40 
Polaromonas ginsengisoli66373TomatoEarly vigor<010-20 
Pseudomonas fluorescens122Efficacy—
100%
Pseudomonas fluorescens54480WheatEarly vigor - insol P>100 —
Pseudomonas fluorescens56530MaizeEarly vigor - moderate N0-10—
Rahnella aquatilis334EfficacyEfficacy
80%63%
Rahnella aquatilis56532MaizeEarly vigor - moderate N10-20 —
Rahnella aquatilis56532MaizeEarly vigor - moderate N0-100-10
Rahnella aquatilis56532WheatEarly vigor - cold stress0-1010-20 
Rahnella aquatilis56532WheatEarly vigor - cold stress<00-10
Rahnella aquatilis56532WheatEarly vigor - cold stress10-20 <0
Rahnella aquatilis57157RyegrassEarly vigor<0—
Rahnella aquatilis57157MaizeEarly vigor - low N0-100-10
Rahnella aquatilis57157MaizeEarly vigor - low N0-10<0
Rahnella aquatilis58013MaizeEarly vigor0-1010-20 
Rahnella aquatilis58013MaizeEarly vigor - low N0-10<0
Rhodococcus erythropolis313Efficacy—
66%
Rhodococcus erythropolis54093MaizeEarly vigor - low N40-50 —
Rhodococcus erythropolis54299MaizeEarly vigor - insol P>100 —
Rhodococcus erythropolis54299MaizeEarly vigor<0<0
Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga611EfficacyEfficacy
60%60%
Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga54952MaizeEarly vigor0-100-10
Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga47207MaizeEarly vigor<0 0
Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga64212MaizeEarly vigor0-1010-20 
Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga64208MaizeEarly vigor0-100-10
Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga58264MaizeEarly vigor<0<0
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia612EfficacyEfficacy
43%66%
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia54073MaizeEarly vigor - low N50-60 —
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia54073MaizeEarly vigor<00-10
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia56181MaizeEarly vigor0-10<0
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia54999MaizeEarly vigor0-100-10
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia54850MaizeEarly vigor 00-10
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia54841MaizeEarly vigor<00-10
Stenotrophomonas maltophilia46856MaizeEarly vigor<0<0
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila811EfficacyEfficacy
12.5%37.5%
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila50839MaizeEarly vigor<0<0
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila48183MaizeEarly vigor<0<0
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila45125MaizeEarly vigor<0<0
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila46120MaizeEarly vigor<00-10
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila46012MaizeEarly vigor<0<0
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila51718MaizeEarly vigor0-100-10
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila66478MaizeEarly vigor<0<0
Stenotrophomonas rhizophila65303MaizeEarly vigor<00-10
Stenotrophomonas terrae221EfficacyEfficacy
50%50%
Stenotrophomonas terrae68741MaizeEarly vigor<0<0
Stenotrophomonas terrae68599MaizeEarly vigor<00-10
Stenotrophomonas terrae68599Capsicum *Early vigor20-30 20-30 
Stenotrophomonas terrae68741Capsicum *Early vigor10-20 20-30 

The data presented in table 15 describes the efficacy with which a microbial species or strain can change a phenotype of interest relative to a control run in the same experiment. Phenotypes measured were shoot fresh weight and root fresh weight for plants growing either in the absence of presence of a stress (assay). For each microbe species, an overall efficacy score indicates the percentage of times a strain of that species increased a both shoot and root fresh weight in independent evaluations. For each species, the specifics of each independent assay is given, providing a strain ID (strain) and the crop species the assay was performed on (crop). For each independent assay the percentage increase in shoot and root fresh weight over the controls is given.

US11871752B2. Agriculturally beneficial microbes, microbial compositions, and consortia (2024-01-16). BIOCONSORTIA, INC. [US]. Inventors: Peter Wigley [NZ], Susan Turner [US], Caroline George [NZ], Thomas Williams [US], Kelly Roberts [US], Graham Hymus [US], Kelvin Lau [NZ].
Full text: Click here
Patent 2024
Ammonia Asparagine Aspartic Acid Biological Assay Bosea thiooxidans Calcium Phosphates Capsicum Cells Chlorophyll Cold Shock Stress Cold Temperature Crop, Avian Dietary Fiber DNA Replication Droughts Drought Tolerance Embryophyta Environment, Controlled Farmers Fertilization Glutamic Acid Glutamine Glycine Growth Disorders Herbaspirillum Herbaspirillum huttiense Leucine Lolium Lycopersicon esculentum Lysine Maize Massilia niastensis Methionine Microbial Consortia Nitrates Nitrites Nitrogen Novosphingobium rosa Paenibacillus Paenibacillus amylolyticus Pantoea agglomerans Pantoea vagans Phenotype Phosphates Photosynthesis Plant Development Plant Embryos Plant Leaves Plant Proteins Plant Roots Plants Polaromonas ginsengisoli Pseudoduganella violaceinigra Pseudomonas Pseudomonas fluorescens Rahnella Rahnella aquatilis Retention (Psychology) Rhodococcus erythropolis Rosa Salt Stress Sodium Chloride Sodium Chloride, Dietary Stenotrophomonas chelatiphaga Stenotrophomonas maltophilia Stenotrophomonas rhizophila Stenotrophomonas terrae Sterility, Reproductive Strains Technique, Dilution Threonine Triticum aestivum Tryptophan Tyrosine Vegetables Zea mays
2
Supplementing Dairy Cows' Summer and Autumn Diet
The cows mainly grazed pasture of perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) mixed with red clover (Trifolium pretense) and white clover (Trifolium repens). Besides pasture, cows grazed chicory (Cichorium intybus) in spring. To meet energy requirements and to cope with the seasonal changes in pasture quality and production (Machado et al., 2005 (link)), cows were also fed additional supplements including maize silage (Zea mays) and turnips (Brassica rapa) on various days during the summer and autumn seasons along with main feed (pasture). Supplementary feeds are used when quality pasture is less available, to fill the feed deficits and to support the cows to maintain energy intake and production (DairyNZ, 2022 ). The supplements were only used to provide energy when there was insufficient pasture available especially during summer and autumn. Moreover, the purpose of providing supplements to milking cows in autumn is also to achieve calving body condition score (BCS) targets, if the feeds are not supplemented, cows are more prone to lose as quality pasture is insufficient at that time of the year. Maize silage and turnip stems and leaves as such (in situ) were fed around midday in the paddock. The cows had ad libitum access to drinking water.
Iqbal M.W., Draganova I., Henry Morel P.C, & Todd Morris S. (2023). Variations in the 24 h temporal patterns and time budgets of grazing, rumination, and idling behaviors in grazing dairy cows in a New Zealand system. Journal of Animal Science, 101, skad038.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Brassica napus Brassica rapa Cattle Cichorium intybus Clover Human Body Lolium Silage Stem, Plant Training Programs Trifolium Trifolium pratense Trifolium repens Zea mays
3
Enrichment Material Consumption in Pigs
The European Council requires that pigs must have permanent access to manipulable material [Art. 3 (5 (link)), Annex 1 (4 (link))]. To comply with the legislation, two types of enrichment material were provided; either a rubber floor toy (weaner stage) or plank of wood (finisher stage) and a rack of fresh grass (Perennial Ryegrass and White Clover swards, both stages). Prior to the start of the experiment and at the end of each stage, the rubber floor toy and plank of wood were weighed to determine consumption by the pigs.
Metal racks (0.59 × 0.26 × 0.25 m) were fitted on the front wall of each pen adjacent to the corridor (0.6 m above ground and 0.8 m from the feeder). Racks were 27 cm in length in both the weaner and finisher stages (Figure 2). The grass was added two times a day to ensure that pigs had ad libitum access. The weight of the grass was recorded whenever it was renewed, and the total sum for each pen during each stage (weaner and finisher) was calculated.
D'Alessio R.M., Hanlon A, & O'Driscoll K. (2023). Comparison of single- and double-spaced feeders with regard to damaging behavior in pigs. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 1073401.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Clover Europeans Lolium Metals Pigs Poaceae Rubber
4
Molecular Characterization of Acetyl-CoA Carboxylase
Young leaves from individual plants at the four-leaf stage were subjected to total DNA extraction using a plant genomic DNA extraction kit (Tiangen, China), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The conserved CT domain of ACCase gene was then amplified using two pairs of the previously designed universal primers ACcp1/ACcp1R and ACcp4/ACcp2R (Delye et al., 2011b (link)). PCR reaction volumes were 50 µL and included 2 µL of DNA, 2 µL of forward and reverse primers (10 µM), 25 µL of 2×PCR long Taq Mix (Vazyme, China), and ddH2O up to 50 µL. Reactions included a pre-denaturation step of 5 min at 95°C, followed by 30 cycles at 94°C for 30 s, 58°C for 30 s, and 72°C for 30 s. The PCR products were subject to electrophoresis in a 0.75% agarose gel in 1×TAE buffer, and PCR fragments were cloned into the PMD-18T vector (Takara, China) for sequencing. Amplicons from individual plants in each population were sequenced and at least 10 clones from each plant were subjected to sequencing to construct ACCase consensus sequences. Each segment was sequenced in the forward and reverse directions at Invitgen Biotechnology, Ltd. (Shanghai, China) to reduce sequencing errors. The BioEdit sequence alignment editor software was used to align and compare sequence data.
Total RNA was extracted using the RNApre Pure Plant Kit, followed by first strand cDNA generation with the FastQuant RT Kit (Tiangen, China). ACCase cDNA gene sequences of gramineae plants with high homology to D. ciliaris var. chrysoblephara were downloaded from NCBI, including those from Beckmannia syzigachne (GenBank accession number: KF501575), Alopecurus myosuroides (GenBank accession number: AJ310767) and Lolium rigidum (GenBank accession number: AY995232). The sequences were compared with the DNAMAN software. Eight pairs of primers were designed based on homologous sequence comparison of conserved regions (Table 2). In addition, 5’ cDNA terminal rapid amplification (RACE) gene specific primers (Table 2) were designed, and the ACCase cDNA ends were amplified using the HiScript-TS 5’/3’ RACE Kit (Vazyme, China). PCR fragments amplified from resistant populations were cloned into the PMD-18T vector (Takara, China) and amplicons from ten plants of each population were sequenced. For each biological replicate, at least ten clones were sequenced and used to construct ACCase consensus sequences. The BioEdit sequence alignment editor and DNAMAN software were then used to analyze and compare the sequence data.
Cao J., Tao Y., Zhang Z., Gu T., Li G., Lou Y, & Wang H. (2023). Mechanism of metamifop resistance in Digitaria ciliaris var. chrysoblephara from Jiangsu, China. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1133798.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Alopecurus Biopharmaceuticals Clone Cells Cloning Vectors Consensus Sequence Conserved Sequence DNA, Complementary DNA, Plant DNA Replication Electrophoresis Genes Genes, Plant Genome Lolium Oligonucleotide Primers Plant Leaves Plants Poaceae Sepharose Sequence Alignment tris-acetate-EDTA buffer
5
Root Exudates Extraction from Diverse Plants
Root exudates of rapid cycling rape (B. napus), perennial ryegrass (Lolium perenne) and tomato (Solanum lycopersicum) were collected by Petri dish cultivation (PDC) and with a hydrophobic trapping system (HTS). Seeds were surface disinfected with 70% ethanol for 10 min, followed by 1% NaOCl for 10 min, and rinsed three times with sdH2O. Surface-disinfected seeds were placed on Murashige and Skoog (MS) basal medium covered with a layer of autoclaved cellophane and pre-germinated in a growth chamber at 25°C with 14 h photoperiod. Contaminated seeds were discarded.
Wang Y., Zheng X., Sarenqimuge S, & von Tiedemann A. (2023). The soil bacterial community regulates germination of Plasmodiophora brassicae resting spores rather than root exudates. PLOS Pathogens, 19(3), e1011175.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Brassica napus Cellophane Ethanol Exudate Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Lolium Lycopersicon esculentum Plant Embryos Plant Roots

Top products related to «Lolium»

1
Immunocap by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in Sweden, United States, Germany, Denmark, France
The ImmunoCAP is a laboratory instrument used for in vitro allergen-specific IgE testing. It provides quantitative measurement of IgE antibodies to a wide range of allergens. The ImmunoCAP system utilizes fluorescent enzyme immunoassay technology to detect and measure IgE levels in patient samples.
2
Whatman no 1 by Cytiva
Sourced in United Kingdom, United States, Switzerland, Germany, Japan
Whatman No. 1 is a grade of filter paper commonly used in laboratory applications. It is a general-purpose filter paper designed for a wide range of filtration tasks, including gravity filtration, vacuum filtration, and other laboratory procedures requiring the separation of solids from liquids.
3
Dneasy plant mini kit by Qiagen
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Canada, China, Spain, Netherlands, Japan, France, Italy, Switzerland, Australia, Sweden, Portugal, India
The DNeasy Plant Mini Kit is a lab equipment product designed for the isolation and purification of DNA from plant samples. It utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to extract and concentrate DNA effectively from a variety of plant materials.
4
Thimerosal by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom
Thimerosal is a preservative used in certain pharmaceutical and lab products. It is a mercury-containing organic compound that helps prevent the growth of microorganisms in these products.
5
Potassium chloride (kcl) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, India, France, Spain, China, Belgium, Sao Tome and Principe, Canada, Denmark, Poland, Australia, Ireland, Israel, Singapore, Macao, Switzerland, Brazil, Mexico, Hungary, Netherlands, Egypt, Japan, Sweden, Indonesia, Czechia, Chile
Potassium chloride (KCl) is an inorganic compound that is commonly used as a laboratory reagent. It is a colorless, crystalline solid with a high melting point. KCl is a popular electrolyte and is used in various laboratory applications.
6
Corylis avellana pollen by Merck Group
Corylis avellana pollen is a natural product derived from the hazelnut tree (Corylus avellana). It is a fine, powdery substance collected from the male catkins of the hazelnut plant. The core function of Corylis avellana pollen is to serve as a source material for scientific research and analysis.
7
Dneasy blood tissue kit by Qiagen
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Netherlands, Spain, Japan, China, Canada, France, Australia, Switzerland, Italy, Belgium, Denmark, Sweden
The DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit is a DNA extraction and purification kit designed for the efficient isolation of high-quality genomic DNA from a variety of sample types, including whole blood, tissue, and cultured cells. The kit utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to capture and purify DNA, providing a reliable and consistent method for DNA extraction.
8
Sodium chloride (nacl) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, India, Italy, France, Spain, China, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Poland, Belgium, Australia, Switzerland, Macao, Denmark, Ireland, Brazil, Japan, Hungary, Sweden, Netherlands, Czechia, Portugal, Israel, Singapore, Norway, Cameroon, Malaysia, Greece, Austria, Chile, Indonesia
NaCl is a chemical compound commonly known as sodium chloride. It is a white, crystalline solid that is widely used in various industries, including pharmaceutical and laboratory settings. NaCl's core function is to serve as a basic, inorganic salt that can be used for a variety of applications in the lab environment.
9
Technigro 20 18 20 all purpose fertilizer by Sun Gro Horticulture
Sourced in Canada
Technigro 20-18-20 is an all-purpose fertilizer manufactured by Sun Gro Horticulture. It contains a balanced ratio of 20% nitrogen, 18% phosphorus, and 20% potassium, which are essential nutrients for plant growth and development.
10
Tween 40 by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, Spain, Australia
Tween 40 is a non-ionic surfactant commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a polyoxyethylene sorbitan monopalmitate, which functions as a wetting agent, emulsifier, and detergent.

More about "Lolium"

Lolium, a genus of cool-season grasses commonly known as ryegrasses, are widely cultivated as forage crops and for turf due to their rapid growth, high nutritional content, and adaptability to various soil and climatic conditions.
These grasses are valuable research subjects, and scientists can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to optimize their Lolium research protocols for improved reproducibility.
The platform can help researchers easily locate relevant literature, pre-prints, and patents, and use AI-driven comparisons to identify the most effective and reproducible procedures.
This can streamline the research process and lead to more reliable results for studies on Lolium species and their applications.
In Lolium research, scientists may utilize tools and methods such as ImmunoCAP for allergen testing, Whatman No. 1 filter paper for sample preparation, the DNeasy Plant Mini Kit for DNA extraction, and compounds like Thimerosal, KCl, and NaCl for various experimental purposes.
Additionally, Corylis avellana pollen, the DNeasy Blood & Tissue Kit, and Technigro 20-18-20 all-purpose fertilizer may be relevant to Lolium-related studies.
By leveraging PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform and incorporating these relevant tools and methods, researchers can optimize their Lolium research workflows, achieve more reliable and reproducible results, and advance our understanding of these important cool-season grasses and their diverse applications.