Pinus is a genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the pine family Pinaceae.
It is one of the two most widely distributed genera of conifers and includes approximately 120 species.
Pinus trees are characterized by needle-like leaves, scaly bark, and woody cones.
They are widely distributed across the Northern Hemisphere, with major centers of diversity in North America, Central America, the Mediterranean region, and Asia.
Pinus species play important ecological roles and have numerous commercial and industrial applications, including timber production, resin extraction, and landscape ornamentaly.
Researchers can use PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to enhance reproducibilty and accuracy in their Pinus research by locating relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and utilizing intelligen comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
The research team at NIMH then reviewed the pictures and selected the best picture for each child for each emotion and each condition. Only front facing pictures are used in the picture set. The original picture set includes 534 pictures (341 girls, 193 boys). Total number of pictures per emotion and gaze condition can be found in Table 2. There are 39 girls and 20 boys in the picture set (total N=59). The child actors ranged in age from 10 to 17 years old with a mean age of 13.6 years old (no difference in mean age for boys and girls). Table 1 shows the age of the each child actor by stimulus number. Information on the child actors’ ethnicity was not obtained. Based on appearance, most of the actors are Caucasians with four girls and one boy appearing non-Caucasian. For the majority of children, the set includes 10 pictures for each child (5 emotions × 2 conditions). Six female subjects (F24–29) and one male subject (M13) have incomplete sets of photos. As described in the results section, we set a validity cutpoint for inclusion in the recommended set of 15/20 or more raters correctly identifying the intended emotion. This cutpoint excludes 52 pictures for a final set of 482 pictures. The NIMH-ChEFS can be downloaded for use in research at the following website (http://devepi.duhs.duke.edu/instruments.html) or by contacting Dr. Pine’s research group at NIMH. There is no cost for obtaining or using these images.
Egger H.L., Pine D.S., Nelson E., Leibenluft E., Ernst M., Towbin K.E, & Angold A. (2011). The NIMH Child Emotional Faces Picture Set (NIMH‐ChEFS): a new set of children's facial emotion stimuli. International Journal of Methods in Psychiatric Research, 20(3), 145-156.
15. If no convergence, probabilities are the average probability of last three iterations. “No convergence” indicates the presence of “nearby” local minima. 16. For every amino acid, generate an energetic model network and apply the Belief Propagation [42] to derive final probabilistic side chain assignments as described in supplementary material Protocol S1. 17. Report the final probabilistic assignments: backbone, side chain, secondary structure prediction, and possible outliers. The output can be specified to conform to variety of formats, including Xeasy, SPARKY, and NMR-STAR (BMRB). The input to PINE-NMR consists of the amino acid sequence and multiple datasets known as peak lists (chemical shifts) obtained separately from selected, defined NMR experiments. The peak lists consist of sets of real-valued two-dimensional, three-dimensional, or four-dimensional vectors, denoted by lXij∈Rl l = 2,3,4. The dimension of the data is denoted by l, the index j indicates that the observation is from the jth dataset, and the index i denotes the ith observation within the dataset. To compare data from different experimental sets (different j) that have shared subspaces (signals from nuclei in common), we consider only the common subspace. This allows us to omit the index l in subsequent formulas. The similarity (or nearness) is used to build an initial system of neighborhoods. The approximate starting value for similarity is given a probabilistic interpretation by using Eq 3 (Basic Algorithm: 3.a) to compare each datum (peak) Xij with the reference datum (peak) Xmn. The peaks in the most sensitive experiments in the dataset (normally 15N-HSQC or HNCO) are used as the initial reference set. We define a common putative object, called the spin system (Figure 6), by aligning the peaks along the common dimensions and by registering them with respect to reference peaks according to Eq 3. The total number of states of the spin system is equal to the combinatorial set of all label choices including the null state. The preservation of all neighborhood information at this step is particularly important for the analysis of data from larger proteins in which noise peaks and real peaks are closely interspersed.
Bahrami A., Assadi A.H., Markley J.L, & Eghbalnia H.R. (2009). Probabilistic Interaction Network of Evidence Algorithm and its Application to Complete Labeling of Peak Lists from Protein NMR Spectroscopy. PLoS Computational Biology, 5(3), e1000307.
The Population Study of Chinese Elderly in Chicago (PINE) is a population-based study of community-dwelling Chinese older adults aged 60 and over in Chicago (age ranges from 60 to 105 years). Briefly, the PINE study aims to collect community-level data of Chinese older adults by examining a wide array of health and aging issues in the Chinese aging population. Participants were invited to the study through extensive community-based recruitment strategies toward achieving cohort participation. To prepare for a population-based study aimed to assess health and well-being of the Chinese aging population, we implemented the community-based participatory research (CBPR) approach to collaborate with the Chinese community in Greater Chicago area. CBPR has been proven as an effective approach in increasing public health research relevancy (Horowitz, Robinson, & Seifer, 2009 (link); Leung, Yen, & Minkler, 2004 (link); N. B. Wallerstein, 2006 (link)). The formation and conduct of the community-academic partnership allows us to develop appropriate research methodology in accordance with Chinese cultural context, in which the Community Advisory Board (CAB) played a pivotal role in providing useful perspectives and strategies for aging research conduct and partnership sustainability (Dong, Chang, Wong, & Simon, 2011a ; Dong, Chang, Wong, & Simon, 2011b ; Dong, Li, Chen, Chang, & Simon, 2013 ). With respect to data collection, trained bilingual research assistants gathered health data through face-to-face interviews in the homes of older adults. Participants were surveyed in their preferred language and dialects including Mandarin, Cantonese, Toishanese, Teochew dialect, or English. The majority of respondents were interviewed in Chinese, including Cantonese, Toishanese, Mandarin, Teochew dialects. The study had less than 1% of the respondents who were interviewed in English. A total of 3,159 older adults were enrolled from 2011 to 2013, with a response rate of 91.9%.
Simon M.A., Chang E.S., Rajan K.B., Welch M.J, & Dong X. (2014). Demographic Characteristics of U.S. Chinese Older Adults in the Greater Chicago Area: Assessing the Representativeness of the PINE Study. Journal of aging and health, 26(7), 1100-1115.
The PINE study wished to invite older adults above 60 years who self-identified as Chinese in the Greater Chicago area. The age of 60 is a culturally constructed meaning of old age in traditional Chinese culture. In addition, the age of 60 is socially and functionally marked as equivalent to retirement age in China. Therefore, for the PINE study, we used 60 years or older as the definition of an older person. However, based on the U.S. census estimates, only approximately 1.6% of households in the city of Chicago contain a Chinese individual. Identifying such households and the eligible participant 60 years and older within them would have involved a relatively expensive cost and less targeted operation. In addition, evidence suggests that Chinese older adults in metropolitan areas experience high levels of concentration in ethnic enclaves such as the two main Chinatowns in the city, and smaller clusters throughout the Greater Chicago area (Ling, 2012 ). This highly segregated residential pattern may be a result of the harsh racial sentiment and diverse immigration trajectories in the past, coupled with the lower levels of acculturation in which approximately one in three Chinese older adults immigrated after turning 60 (Mui & Shibusawa, 2008 ). In light of these factors, the research team implemented a targeted community-based recruitment strategy by first engaging community centers as our main recruitment sites throughout the Greater Chicago area. These sites included (in alphabetical order) Appleville Apartments, Asian Health Coalition, Benton House, Chinese American Service League (CASL), CASL Senior Housing, Chicago Chinese Benevolent Association, Chinatown Elderly Apartments, Chinese Mutual Aid Association, Hilliard Apartments, Midwest Asian Health Coalition, Pine Tree Council, Pui Tak Center, Shields Apartments, South-East Asia Center, St. Therese Chinese Catholic Church, and Xilin Asian Community Center, to name a few. With over 20 community-based social services agencies, community centers, faith-based organizations, senior apartments, and social clubs on board, we effectively integrated study recruitment with routine services provided to Chinese families throughout the city and suburban areas. One of our major recruitment sites, CASL, is the oldest and largest social services agency serving the needs of Chinese Americans in the Midwest. Situated in the hub of Chinatown in the near south side of Chicago, more than 17,000 clients are served on a yearly basis with a large proportion being Chinese older adults. Another main site, the Xilin Asian Community Center, plays a key role in providing social services to a rapidly growing population of suburban Chinese families. Through sharing outreach channels and field experiences with organizations as such, the research team was able to identify, outreach, and extend study invitation to eligible older adults in a vast geographical region of the Greater Chicago area (Simon, Chang, Rajan, Welch, & Dong, 2014 (link)). Several additional strategies were used to encourage participation in the study and increase cultural and linguistic appropriateness of the study. The project was first announced and later promoted frequently in the local Chinese quarterly newspapers in collaboration with community-based organizations. Flyers and posters advertising the study were placed in the public spaces including restaurants, teahouses, and parks frequented by Chinese families. Eligible older adults who came to the recruitment sites were approached after their attendance in community center-sponsored health promotion activities or cultural activities, such as calligraphy, Chinese painting classes, and social activities. In occasions where we gave community-health educational workshops, Chinese participants were not only empowered by proven ways of health promotion, but they also learned about potential contributions to moving aging science forward by participating in the PINE study. Due to the closely knitted ethnic social network connecting the families of Chinese immigrants, over a third of PINE study participants learned about the project through family members, neighbors, acquaintance, or friends. Owing to the fact that collective decision-making remains a core value of Chinese culture, we asked older adults to consult with their family members regarding study participation. Older adults who agreed to participate were then scheduled for a face-to-face in-home interview. Participants were surveyed in their preferred language and dialects including Mandarin, Cantonese, Toishanese, Teochew dialect, or English. Older adults who were reluctant to participate were invited to stay in touch with the research team for further information in the future. All recruitment materials were prepared in English and Chinese scripts. Out of 3,542 eligible Chinese older adults who were approached, 3,159 agreed to the study, yielding a response rate of 91.9%. All study procedures were approved by the Institutional Review Boards of the Rush University Medical Center.
Dong X., Wong E, & Simon M.A. (2014). Study Design and Implementation of the PINE Study. Journal of aging and health, 26(7), 1085-1099.
Acquaintances Aged Asian Americans Chinese Chinese Americans Community Health Education Ethics Committees, Research Face Family Member Friend Health Promotion Households Immigrants Pinus Suburban Population Touch Workshops
After the run, image analysis, base calling and error estimation were performed using Illumina/Solexa Pipeline (version 0.2.2.6). Perl scripts were used to sort and bin all sequences using the three (5′) nucleotide tags; these tags were removed prior to evaluation with Reference Guided Assembler (RGA; R. Shen and T. Mockler, in preparation) or de novo assembly. Examination of Illumina Q-values revealed a decrease after cycle 33 (data not shown), thus the three 3′ bases were trimmed, and 30-mers were used in all subsequent analyses (31 (link)). Binned 30-mers were evaluated relative to the appropriate Pinus reference (P. thunbergii, NC_001631; P. koraiensis, NC_004677) using the program RGA in order to estimate the genome coverage. To assemble chloroplast genomes using Illumina/Solexa microreads, we used a three-step process. First, de novo assemblies were attempted using Velvet Assembler 0.4 (32 (link)) using a hash length of 19, minimum average coverage of 5×, and minimum contig length of 100 bp. Second, contigs were aligned to a reference genome sequence using CodonCode version 2.0.4 (CodonCode Corporation, Dedham, MA, USA; http://www.codoncode.com/) and standard settings for global alignments. Picea sitchensis was aligned to the previously published chloroplast genome of P. thunbergii (NC001631) and the species of Pinus subgenus Strobus were aligned to P. koraiensis (NC004677). The assembly of P. contorta used a draft plastome of P. ponderosa as its reference (A. Liston and R. Cronn, unpublished results). Prior to alignment, an ‘N’ was added to the ends of each contig, in order to differentiate assembly gaps (dashes flanked by the added ‘N's) from deletions (dashes) relative to the reference. Contigs that failed to align to the reference genome were scanned for chloroplast sequence homology using BLASTN (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/). Successful matches typically contained >100 bp insertions relative to the reference genome; these contigs were manually inserted into the alignment. Between 67% and 98% of the contigs aligned to the reference genome. Unaligned contigs apparently represent nontarget PCR amplicons (data not shown). The final de novo assemblies covered 78.1–94.6% of the reference genome (excluding deletions and including insertions relative to the reference). Third, gaps between the de novo contigs were replaced with the reference sequence, and this chimeric assembly was used as a ‘pseudo-reference’ for reference-guided assembly with the program RGA. RGA aligns microreads to their best match in a reference sequence, and then creates a guided consensus sequence from the aligned overlapping reads. RGA outputs the resulting contigs, singletons, the real coverage of each base in the assembly, and identifies SNPs based on microread density in the assembled sequence compared to the reference and Q-values at specific position on each microread. RGA settings used were ≤2 mismatches per microread, Q-values ≥20, read depth ≥3 and SNP acceptance requiring ≥70% of reads in agreement. The pseudo-reference created from de novo assemblies and the reference sequences were corrected using RGA. Final sequences were annotated using standard settings in the program DOGMA [(33 (link)), http://dogma.ccbb.utexas.edu/]. Multiple alignments were made using MAFFT v. 5 (34 (link)), and full alignments with annotations were visualized using the VISTA viewer (34 (link),35 (link)). See Supplementary Figure 1 for full annotation summaries. In addition, nucleotide positions corresponding to primer locations were changed to ‘N’, as the use of complementary forward and reverse primers at a single site precluded us from obtaining genomic sequence for these positions.
Relative frequencies of barcode error by barcode tag (CCT, GGT), experiment (S1, S6) and nucleotide position (1 (link),2 (link), 3 ). Observed frequencies of erroneous, nontag nucleotides are indicated by position 1 (salmon), 2 (blue) and 3 (green); first and second position errors were far more common than third position errors. Slices within a position are scaled proportionately to the number of base calls for that nucleotide; if errors were present at equal frequencies within a base position, each slice would be of equal size and would not extend beyond the perimeter of the circle. In all experiments, errors involving substitutions to ‘A’ were more frequent than expected for position 1 and 3, where errors involving substitutions to ‘T’ were more frequent than expected for position 2.
Cronn R., Liston A., Parks M., Gernandt D.S., Shen R, & Mockler T. (2008). Multiplex sequencing of plant chloroplast genomes using Solexa sequencing-by-synthesis technology. Nucleic Acids Research, 36(19), e122.
3.5 grams of pine needle essential oil, 20 grams of hydroxypropyl beta cyclodextrin, 3692 grams of Harrell's 8-2-4 liquid fertilizer concentrate liquid fertilizer concentrate, 2.0 grams of humic acid 4.75 grams hemp sap, 80 grams sodium carboxymethylcellulose, 2 drops of color concentrate, and 0.25 grams of nonionic surfactant were combined using a high-speed mixer to produce one gallon of plant treatment concentrate composition. 4 milliliters of the resulting plant treatment concentrate were transferred to a 118 ml. bottle and deionized water was added until filled. A trigger spray top dispenser was added to provide a fragrant foliar nutritional composition for applying to the leaves and stem of an indoor plant.
US11864560B2. Fragrant plant treatment compositions (2024-01-09). None [US]. Inventors: Richard Thomas Johnston [US].
Wood in the form of assorted pine wood shavings was purchased and used as received. The wood was placed in a plastic container and a binder solution prepared in accordance with Example 6, at 80 w % solids (determined as bake out solids after drying at 140° C. for 2 hours), was sprayed onto the wood sample, during which the wood was gently tumbled in order to become uniformly coated. Samples of resinated wood were placed in a collapsible frame and compressed between heatable plates at approx. 2000 kPa, during 25 to 30 minutes, and maintained at about 80° C. The obtained board sample was well-bonded internally, smooth surfaced, mechanically strong and relatively water-resistant in the absence of any hydrophobic or other additive other than the main binder components. Estimated binder content: approx. 13 w %.
US11879063B2. Binder compositions and uses thereof (2024-01-23). KNAUF INSULATION SPRL [BE], KNAUF INSULATION, INC. [US]. Inventors: Carl Hampson [GB], Ferdous Khan [GB].
Electrochemical CO2R was studied at room temperature (20–25°C) under ambient pressure using a three-electrode setup in a flow-cell reactor with an Autolab PGSTAT302N potentiostat. The prepared catalyst was used as work electrode, the work electrode reaction area was 1–4.5 cm2. Ag/AgCl (3.0 M KCl, Pine Instruments) was used as the reference electrode, Pt plate (Tianjin Aida Hengsheng Technology Development Co., Ltd.) and Ni foam (Shenzhen Teensky Technology Co., Ltd.) were used as the counter electrodes in pH 1, 4, 7 and 13.5 solution, respectively. The long-term stability test was carried out in a two-electrode flow cell without using an Ag/AgCl reference electrode and without iR correction. We used a cation exchange membrane (CEM, NafionTM 117, Fuel Cell Store) for electrochemical CO2 reduction in electrolytes at pH 1, 4, 7, and an anion exchange membrane (AEM, Fumasep FAB-PK-130, Fuel Cell Store) at pH 13.5. The catholyte of pH 1 were 0.05 M sulfuric acid (H2SO4) and 3 M potassium chloride (KCl) solution, and pH was adjusted to around 1 by a few drops of 5 M potassium hydroxide (KOH). The catholyte of pH 4 were 3 M KCl solution, and pH was adjusted to around 4 by a few drops of H2SO4. The catholyte of pH 7 were 3 M KCl solution, and pH was adjusted to around 7 by a few drops of 1 M KOH. The catholyte of pH 13.5 were 0.75 M KOH solution. The anolyte of pH 1 and 4 were 0.5 M H2SO4, the anolyte of pH 7 were 1 M KHCO3, and the anolyte of pH 13.5 were 0.75 M KOH. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was measured to estimate the electrolyte resistance for iR compensation. The electrolyte resistance was measured at open circuit potential in a frequency range from 10 MHz to 0.1 Hz with an amplitude of 10 mV. All potentials versus the reference electrodes were converted to potentials versus the reversible hydrogen electrode (VRHE) using the following equations: CO2 was passed through the cathodic compartment at a constant flow rate of 20 mL min−1. The gaseous CO2 reduction products were quantified using gas chromatography (Perkin Elmer Clarus 680). The liquid products were quantified using NMR spectroscopy (Bruker AVIII 600 MHz) and dimethyl sulfoxide (≥99.9%, Alfa Aesar) was added as an internal standard. The 1H NMR spectrum was measured by water suppression using the pre-saturation method. All experimental results were repeated at least three times while keeping all conditions consistent.
Zhang J., Guo C., Fang S., Zhao X., Li L., Jiang H., Liu Z., Fan Z., Xu W., Xiao J, & Zhong M. (2023). Accelerating electrochemical CO2 reduction to multi-carbon products via asymmetric intermediate binding at confined nanointerfaces. Nature Communications, 14, 1298.
Sampling was performed in sixteen honeybee hives (H1-H16) initially located in the same apiary in Andalusia, Spain (L1) (December 2017). In March 2018, these hives were moved to seven different locations (2 hives in each location), leaving two hives in the original location L1 (Fig. 1). Land use at locations L1-L8 is described in Table 1. In June 2018, a second sampling was conducted in the hives sited at their new locations. Samples of wax, honey, brood, and honeybees were collected from each colony by the beekeepers in December 2017 and June 2018. Approximately, 20 broods, 100 honeybees and 5 g of honey, were collected from each hive. The brood samples for this study were at the larval stage, with a development time of six days. All the samples were stored at -20 °C until analysis.
Scheme of the sampling of hives in December and June according to their location
Land use of the locations where apiaries were placed in March 2018
Dryland crops: olive and Mediterranean vegetation, near a highroad
Farming
L4
H7-H8
Grassland, scrub with a stream and a highroad in the proximity
Forest-pastureland
L5
H9-H10
Irrigations crops: citrus
Farming
L6
H11-H12
Riparian vegetation and dryland crops: olive
Farming
L7
H13-H14
Dryland crops: olive. Mountainous landscape: pines and holm oaks
Agroforestry
L8
H15-H16
Rural grassland within the city and near a large river
Urban–rural
aSource: SIGA (Geographic Information System for Agricultural Data), https://sig.mapama.gob.es/siga/
Albero B., Miguel E, & García-Valcárcel A.I. (2023). Acaricide residues in beeswax. Implications in honey, brood and honeybee. Environmental Monitoring and Assessment, 195(4), 454.
This research was approved by the biosafety committee of USDA-ARS-SRRC. Field research was performed according to the policy and practices of USDA-ARS. The cottonseeds with Plant Introduction (PI) or Plant Variety Protection (PVP) numbers including diploid G. arboreum A2-100 (PI 529728), and G. raimondii D5-6 (PI530903) and D5-31 (PI 530928) as well as polyploid G. hirsutum Texas Marker 1 (TM-1, PI 607172), Sure-Grow 747 (SG-747, PVP 9800118) and Delta Pine 5690 (DP-5690, PVP 9100116) were obtained from the U.S. National Cotton Germplasm Collection (NCGC). The cottonseeds of short fiber mutants, Ligon-lintless 1 (Li1) mutant, Ligon-lintless 2 (Li2), and diploid G. arboreum Shixiya1 (SXY1) were provided by Dr. Rickie Turley of USDA-ARS-SEA and Dr. Xianliang Song of Shandong Agricultural University, China. Each variety of G. arboreum (A2-100 and SXY1) and G. hirsutum (TM-1, SG-747, DP-5690, Li1, and Li2) were planted on two-row plots located at the Southern Regional Research Center (New Orleans, LA; 2017) with naturally neutral-day conditions. The soil type of the cotton plot was aquents dredged over alluvium in an elevated location to provide adequate drainage. Single row plots were 12 m long with approximately 40 plants per plot. The distance between two rows was 0.5 m, and the distance between two plants within a row was 0.3 m. To minimize environmental effects, boll samples were not collected from plants on the perimeter of the field and the end of each row. At harvest, approximately 60 naturally opened bolls were randomly collected from two plots for each cotton variety, and separated into two biological replicates with 30 bolls per biological replicate for further analyzing physical and chemical properties of each cotton variety. To collect developing fibers at various developmental stages, wild diploid G. raimondii D5-6 and D5-31 along with G. arboreum and G. hirsutum were grown in a growth chamber (Percival Intellus Environmental Controller, Perry, IA) in 8 L pots at 28°C (day) / 24°C (night) with a short photoperiod condition (9h day light, 300 μmolm-2 s-1) during the vegetative stage, and reduced to 26°C (day)/ 18°C (night) during flowering and boll development stages. The pots were filled with Metro-Mix 350 soil. For fiber length measurement, two plants of wild diploid G. raimondii D5-6 were grown in 167 L containers at an NCGC greenhouse located at College Station, Texas during a winter season for a short photoperiod condition. The two G. raimondii D5-6 plants produced four bolls, and separated into two biological replicates with two bolls per biological replicate. To obtain sufficient G. raimondii fibers for fiber length and chemical analyses, G. raimondii D5-31 was grown perennially at the cotton winter nursery at Tecoman, Colima, Mexico in association with the location of the Instituto Nacional de Investigaciones Forestales, Agrícolas y Pecuarias [26 ]. Three G. raimondii D5-31 plants (240 days after planting) were transplanted on the ground of the cotton winter nursery. In the second year, they produced 400 bolls that were separated into two biological replicates with 200 bolls per biological replicate for further analyzing fiber length and chemical analyses. All G. raimondii grown in the growth chamber, greenhouse, and cotton winter nursery produced a common phenotype demonstrating short and green colored fibers.
Kim H.J., Liu Y., Thyssen G.N., Naoumkina M, & Frelichowski J. (2023). Phenomics and transcriptomics analyses reveal deposition of suberin and lignin in the short fiber cell walls produced from a wild cotton species and two mutants. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282799.
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β-sitosterol is a phytosterol compound commonly found in plants. It is a naturally occurring sterol that is structurally similar to cholesterol. β-sitosterol is often used as a reference standard in analytical applications.
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Sodium hydroxide is a chemical compound with the formula NaOH. It is a white, odorless, crystalline solid that is highly soluble in water and is a strong base. It is commonly used in various laboratory applications as a reagent.
The Mastersizer is a laser diffraction particle size analyzer that measures the size distribution of particles suspended in a liquid or gas. It uses the principle of light scattering to determine the particle size distribution, providing accurate and reliable results for a wide range of materials.
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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Vectashield is a non-hardening, aqueous-based mounting medium designed for use with fluorescent-labeled specimens. It is formulated to retard photobleaching of fluorescent dyes and provides excellent preservation of fluorescent signals.
OUDRASperse™ WB 3001 is a water-based dispersant product manufactured by Dow. It is designed to disperse and stabilize solid particles in aqueous systems.
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C57BL/6J male mice are a widely used inbred mouse strain. They are a valuable research model for a variety of studies, including immunology, genetics, and disease research.
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The Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer is a lab instrument that provides automated analysis of DNA, RNA, and protein samples. It uses microfluidic technology to separate and detect these biomolecules with high sensitivity and resolution.
Pinus trees have numerous commercial and industrial applications. They are a major source of timber for construction, furniture, and other wood products. Pinus species are also used for resin extraction, which is important for the production of various chemicals and materials. Additionally, many Pinus trees are valued for their ornamental qualities and are widely used in landscaping and horticulture.
Pinus is a widely distributed genus, with major centers of diversity in North America, Central America, the Mediterranean region, and Asia. While some Pinus species are found across a broad range, others have more localized distributions. This diversity in geographical distribution contributes to the genus's ecological importance and the variety of Pinus-based products and applications.
Pinus trees are characterized by their needle-like leaves, scaly bark, and woody cones. These features, along with their evergreen and coniferous nature, are the primary distinguishing characteristics of the Pinus genus. The needle-like foliage and cone structures are particularly important for the identification and classification of different Pinus species.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can greatly enhance reproducibilty and accurracy in Pinus research. The platform allows researchers to more efficiently screen protocol literature, leveraging AI to pinpoint critical insights. By helping identify the most effective protocols related to Pinus for specific research goals, PubCompare.ai's analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling researchers to choose the best option for their work and improve the overall quality and reliability of their Pinus studies.
One key challenge with Pinus research can be the large number of species within the genus, each with their own unique characteristics and applications. Researchers may need to carefully select the most appropriate Pinus species for their specific objectives, whether it's timber production, resin extraction, or ornamental use. Additionally, environmental factors like climate and soil conditions can significantly impact the growth and characteristics of different Pinus species, which researchers must take into account when designing their studies.
More about "Pinus"
Pinus, the genus of evergreen coniferous trees in the pine family Pinaceae, is one of the most widely distributed genera of conifers, encompassing approximately 120 species.
These majestic trees are characterized by their needle-like leaves, scaly bark, and woody cones, and are found across the Northern Hemisphere, with major centers of diversity in North America, Central America, the Mediterranean region, and Asia.
Pinus species play crucial ecological roles and have numerous commercial and industrial applications, including timber production, resin extraction, and landscape ornamentation.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform to enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their Pinus research by locating relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and utilizing intelligent comparisons to identify the best protocols and products.
In addition to Pinus, researchers may also be interested in exploring other related topics, such as C57BL/6J mice, a widely used mouse strain in biomedical research, β-sitosterol, a plant-derived compound with potential health benefits, and Sodium hydroxide, a commonly used chemical reagent.
The Mastersizer, a particle size analyzer, DMSO (Dimethyl sulfoxide), a versatile solvent, FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum), a widely used cell culture supplement, and Vectashield, a popular mounting medium for microscopy, are also relevant tools and materials that may be of interest to researchers working with Pinus and related topics.
Furthermore, the OUDRASperse™ WB 3001, a specialized dispersant, and the Agilent 2100 Bioanalyzer, a powerful analytical instrument, may provide valuable insights and support for researchers in their Pinus-related investigations.
By incorporating these related terms and concepts, researchers can enhance the depth and breadth of their understanding, leading to more comprehensive and impactful Pinus research.
Typo: The majestic trees are characterized by thier needle-like leaves, scaly bark, and woody cones.
