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Pinus abies

Pinus abies, also known as the Norway spruce, is a species of coniferous tree native to Europe.
It is a large, evergreen tree that can grow up to 60 meters tall with a trunk diameter of up to 1.5 meters.
Pinus abies is an important timber species, used for construction, pulpwood, and other wood products.
The tree has a pyramidal shape and small, scale-like needles that are green to blue-green in color.
Pinus abies is adapted to cool, moist climates and can be found at elevations up to 2,000 meters.
It is a popular ornamental tree and is also used in forestry and landscaping applications.
Reasearchers can optimize their Pinus abies studies by utilizing PubCompare.ai, an AI platform that enhances reproducibility and accuary by discoverin protocols from literature, preprints, and patents and identifying the best protocols and products for their research needs.

Most cited protocols related to «Pinus abies»

1
Fungal Mock Community Protocol
Cited 16 times
Low-diversity but phylogenetically broad mock communities were created as follows. Amanita muscaria 3-1-B2-1-2s (Basidiomycota, isolated from Alaskan fruitbody), Amphinema byssoides R-NC03 (Basidiomycota, isolated from Picea abies ectomycorrhiza in Finland), Coprinopsis cinereus (Basidiomycota, obtained from the Fungal Genetics Stock Center, strain FGSC 9003), Mortierella alpina (Mucoromycotina, obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, strain 42430), Spizellomyces punctatus (Chytridiomycota, obtained from the American Type Culture Collection, strain 48900), Tricholoma vaccinum 18-1-B1-A1-2s (Basidiomycota, isolated from Alaskan fruitbody), and Tylospora asterophora R-MF02 (Basidiomycota, isolated from Picea abies ectomycorrhiza in Finland) were grown in modified Melin-Norkrans (MMN) broth for up to 6 months on a rotary shaker at room temperature. Mycelium was harvested by filtration through cheesecloth, freeze-dried, and then ground in liquid nitrogen with a mortar and pestle. Genomic DNAs were isolated using the Qiagen Genomic-tip kit. Genomic DNA from Schizosaccharomyces pombe strain 972 h- was provided by the Broad Institute. Genomic DNA concentrations were estimated by fluorescence on a NanoDrop 3300 using PicoGreen (Quant-iT kit; Invitrogen) with lambda DNA standards. The averages of three NanoDrop 3300 readings were used for calculations. The 5.8S-Fun/ITS4-Fun amplicons (including core primers but not adaptors) for these eight taxa range from 396 to 514 bp (mean, 440 bp). Two “tiered” mock communities were created wherein taxa were randomly assigned to high, medium-high, medium-low, and low relative abundances (see Table S1 in the supplemental material). These abundances spanned three orders of magnitude (0.043% to 43%). Different taxa were assigned to the 4 abundance levels in the two communities, designated mock A and mock B. Both mock communities had final concentrations of 11.2 ng/μl.
In order to evaluate the performance of our primers on a more complex real-world fungal community, we also analyzed five soil DNA extracts that have been extensively analyzed using large-scale Sanger sequencing of ITS-LSU clone libraries (4 (link), 53 (link)). These boreal forest soil DNAs were extracted using the Mo Bio PowerMax kit (Mo Bio Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA, USA) and normalized to 2.5 ng/μl. The TKN sample is from a lowland black spruce (Picea mariana) forest, UP1 samples are from early stage upland mixed forest, and UP3 samples are from a late-stage upland white spruce (Picea glauca) forest. Samples with an “O” are from the organic horizon, while samples labeled “M” are from the mineral horizon. The final number indicates the collection year, e.g., 2004. Detailed descriptions of these sites and samples are in references 4 (link), 53 (link), and 54 (link).
Taylor D.L., Walters W.A., Lennon N.J., Bochicchio J., Krohn A., Caporaso J.G, & Pennanen T. (2016). Accurate Estimation of Fungal Diversity and Abundance through Improved Lineage-Specific Primers Optimized for Illumina Amplicon Sequencing. Applied and Environmental Microbiology, 82(24), 7217-7226.
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Publication 2016
Amanita muscaria Amphinema byssoides Basidiomycota Chytridiomycota Clone Cells DNA Filtration Fluorescence Forests Freezing Fungal Microbiota Genes, Fungal Genome H-DNA Minerals Mortierella alpina Mycelium Nitrogen Oligonucleotide Primers Picea PicoGreen Pinus abies Schizosaccharomyces pombe Spizellomyces punctatus Strains Tricholoma vaccinum Tylospora asterophora
2
Comparative Evolutionary Genomics of Land Plants
Cited 15 times
The OrthoFinder97 (link) clustering method was used to classify complete proteomes of 23 sequenced green plant genomes, including A. filiculoides and S. cucullata (Supplementary Table 5), into orthologous gene lineages (that is, orthogroups). We selected taxa that represented all of the major land plant and green algal lineages, including six core eudicots (A. thaliana, Lotus japonicus, Populus trichocarpa, Solanum lycopersicum, Erythranthe guttata and Vitis vinifera), five monocots (O. sativa, Sorghum bicolor, Musa acuminata, Zostera marina and Spirodella polyrhiza), one basal angiosperm (A. trichopoda), two gymnosperms (Pinus taeda and Picea abies), two ferns (A. filiculoides and S. cucullata), one lycophyte (S. moellendorffii), four bryophytes (Sphagnum fallax, P. patens, Marchantia polymorpha and Jungermannia infusca) and two green algae (Klebsormidium flaccidum and C. reinhardtii). In total, 16,817 orthogroups containing at least two genes were circumscribed, 8,680 of which contain at least one gene from either A. filiculoides or S. cucullata. Of the 20,203 annotated A. filiculoides genes and the 19,780 annotated S. cucullata genes, 17,941 (89%) and 16,807 (84%) were classified into orthogroups, respectively. The details for each orthogroup, including gene counts, secondary clustering of orthogroups (that is, super-orthogroups)110 (link) and functional annotations, are reported in Supplementary Table 5.
We used Wagner parsimony implemented in the program Count111 (link) with a weighted gene gain penalty of 1.2 to reconstruct the ancestral gene content at key nodes in the phylogeny of the 23 land plants and green algae species (Supplementary Table 5). The ancestral gene content dynamics—gains, losses, expansions and contractions—are depicted in Supplementary Fig. 5. Complete details of orthogroup dynamics for the key ancestral nodes that include seed plants, such as Salviniaceae, euphyllophytes and vascular plants, are reported in Supplementary Table 5.
Li F.W., Brouwer P., Carretero-Paulet L., Cheng S., de Vries J., Delaux P.M., Eily A., Koppers N., Kuo L.Y., Li Z., Simenc M., Small I., Wafula E., Angarita S., Barker M.S., Bräutigam A., dePamphilis C., Gould S., Hosmani P.S., Huang Y.M., Huettel B., Kato Y., Liu X., Maere S., McDowell R., Mueller L.A., Nierop K.G., Rensing S.A., Robison T., Rothfels C.J., Sigel E.M., Song Y., Timilsena P.R., Van de Peer Y., Wang H., Wilhelmsson P.K., Wolf P.G., Xu X., Der J.P., Schluepmann H., Wong G.K, & Pryer K.M. (2018). Fern genomes elucidate land plant evolution and cyanobacterial symbioses. Nature Plants, 4(7), 460-472.
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Publication 2018
Arabidopsis thalianas Chlorophyta Cycadopsida Embryophyta Ferns Genes Genome Green Plants Jungermanniae Lotus japonicus Lycopersicon esculentum Magnoliopsida Marchantia Mosses Musa Pinus abies Pinus taeda Plant Embryos Populus Proteome Sorghum bicolor Sphagnum Tracheophyta Vitis Zostera
3
Developing CoNekT-Plants: A Comprehensive Plant Transcriptome Database
Cited 6 times
To demonstrate the web-server, we introduce CoNekT-Plants, which contains data from seven species (Table 1), including green alga Chlamydomonas reinhardtii, gymnosperm Picea abies, two monocots (Oryza sativa, Zea mays) and three dicotyledonous plants (Vitis vinifera, Arabidopsis thaliana, and Solanum lycopersicum). For each species, publically available RNA-Seq data was obtained through the Sequence Read Archive's ‘Run Selector’ (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/sra/) (19 (link)). These samples were downloaded, converted to fastq files (using SRA Tools, https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK158900/) and processed using LSTrAP (6 (link)), which maps reads to the genome using TopHat (20 (link)) and determines transcript abundance for each gene using HTSeq-count (21 (link)). LSTrAP used the output from HTSeq-count to calculate Transcripts Per Kilobase Million (TPM) values, which normalize for read count and gene length (12 (link)). The expression values are represented as an expression matrix, where the genes are present in rows and the samples in columns. The mapping statistics included in LSTrAP were used to detect and discard samples that showed either (i) low mapping to the genome (<65%), (ii) low mapping to coding sequences (<40%) or (iii) too few useful reads (<8M reads mapping to the genome). Additionally, using LSTrAP’s heatmap tool, the output was screened for outliers, which were removed from the final dataset. The remaining samples were used to construct expression matrices and co-expression networks. For Arabidopsis thaliana, experimentally determined functional annotation (Gene Ontology terms) was obtained from www.arabidopsis.org. Additionally, for all species, InterProScan v5.18 (22 (link)) was used to detect protein domains and obtain predicted functional annotation. To obtain orthologs, OrthoFinder v1.1.8 (23 (link)) was used to group genes into orthogroups and construct phylogenetic trees, using Diamond to determine sequence similarities with settings at default values (24 (link)). Sequence similarities reported by Diamond were clustered using MCL to group homologous genes into gene families (25 ). Note that all above mentioned steps can be performed in LSTrAP, and the output can be directly used in CoNekT.
Co-expression networks in CoNekT are based on Highest Reciprocal Rank (HRR) metric score of 100 or better (8 (link)), which is related to a robust rank-based metric used to identify co-expressed genes (26 (link)). Groups of densely connected genes, called co-expression clusters, were detected using the Heuristic Cluster Chiseling Algorithm (27 (link)). Using CoNekT’s graphical admin interface, the expression and genomic data were added to the platform (see instructions on https://github.molgen.mpg.de/proost/CoNekT/). Through the same interface, multiple analyses were started, such as (i) the Heuristic Cluster Chiseling Algorithm (HCCA), to find clusters of co-expressed genes in the networks (27 (link)); (ii) Gene Ontology term over-representation to elucidate the functional annotation of co-expression clusters and co-expression network neighborhoods (reported as enrichment fold-changes and P-values); (iii) identification of similar co-expression network clusters and neighborhoods within and across species, by employing Expression Context Conservation (ECC) value. The value is a Jaccard Index of gene families found in the two compared neighborhoods or clusters (9 (link)).
Proost S, & Mutwil M. (2018). CoNekT: an open-source framework for comparative genomic and transcriptomic network analyses. Nucleic Acids Research, 46(Web Server issue), W133-W140.
Publication 2018
Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thalianas Chlamydomonas reinhardtii Cycadopsida Diamond Exons Gene Regulatory Networks Genes Genes, vif Genome Lycopersicon esculentum Magnoliopsida Microtubule-Associated Proteins Oryza sativa Pinus abies Plants Protein Domain RNA-Seq Vitis Zea mays
4
Aligning Loblolly Pine Transcripts to the Genome
Cited 6 times
Aligning DNA, messenger RNA (mRNA), or protein sequence to the loblolly pine genome presents challenges, as the genome is too large for many common bioinformatic programs. In our approach, we sorted the genomic data by descending scaffold length and partitioned the scaffolds into 100 bins such that the genomic sequence for each bin contained roughly the same number of bases. This allowed us to parallelize the computations and examine how fragmentation of the genomic data affected our ability to align sequence data to the genome. We generated initial mappings to the genome using blat (Kent 2002 (link)) with each bin as a target and then used blat utility programs to merge data from the 100 bins into a single file and filter that data according to quality metrics. In-house scripts were used to parse the blat results and create input files for exonerate (Slater and Birney 2005 (link)), which generated the final, more refined alignments to the genome.
A set of 83,285 de novo-assembled loblolly pine transcripts (BioProject PRJNA174450) served as the primary transcriptome reference. These were derived from multiple assemblies of 1.3 billion RNA-Seq reads, selected for uniqueness and putative protein-coding quality, and represented samplings from mixed sources of vegetative and reproductive organs, seedlings, embryos, haploid megagametophytes, and needles under environmental stress (Supporting Information, File S1). The transcriptome reference in addition to 45,085 sequences generated from >300,000 reclustered loblolly pine ESTs (Eckert et al. 2013 (link)) were aligned to the genome. Sanger-sequenced transcripts from four other pines available from the TreeGenes database (Wegrzyn et al. 2012 ) provided additional alignments: Pinus banksiana (13,040 transcripts), Pinus contorta (13,570 transcripts), and Pinus pinaster (15,648 transcripts). Transcriptome assemblies generated via 454 pyrosequencing and assembled with Newbler (Roche GS De novo Assembler) for Pinus palustris (16,832 transcripts) and Pinus lambertiana (40,619 transcripts) (Lorenz et al. 2012 ) were also aligned. Sequence alignments were examined at four different cutoffs for the loblolly sequence sets and two cutoffs for the other conifer resources. Stringent thresholds of 98% identity/98% coverage served as the starting point for loblolly pine while other conifer species were given more permissive (95% identity/95% coverage) cutoffs. The thresholds were lowered for all sequence sets to 95% identity/50% coverage to further examine the effects of genome fragmentation.
To discover orthologous proteins and align them to the genome, we began with 653,613 proteins spanning 24 species from version 2.5 of the PLAZA data set (Van Bel et al. 2012 (link)). PLAZA provides a curated and comprehensive comparative genomics resource for the Viridiplantae, including annotated proteins. This set was further curated to exclude proteins that were not full length, those shorter than 21 amino acids, and those that had genomic coordinates that did not agree with the reported coding sequence (CDS) or did not translate into the reported protein. To this set, 25,347 angiosperm proteins reported by the Amborella Genome Project (http://www.amborella.org/) were added. From annotated full-length mRNAs available in GenBank, a set of 10,793 proteins from Picea sitchensis were included. From the Picea abies v1.0 genome project (Nystedt et al. 2013 (link)), 22,070 full-length proteins were included where the reported CDS agreed with the translated protein (File S2 and Table S1). From the loblolly pine transcriptome, all 83,285 transcripts were translated for alignment. For the PLAZA protein alignments, the target version 1.01 genome was hard-masked for repeats; for all other alignments, the v1.01 genome was not repeat-masked. We accepted an alignment when at least 70% of the query sequence was included in the alignment and the exonerate similarity score (ESS) ≥70.
Wegrzyn J.L., Liechty J.D., Stevens K.A., Wu L.S., Loopstra C.A., Vasquez-Gross H.A., Dougherty W.M., Lin B.Y., Zieve J.J., Martínez-García P.J., Holt C., Yandell M., Zimin A.V., Yorke J.A., Crepeau M.W., Puiu D., Salzberg S.L., de Jong P.J., Mockaitis K., Main D., Langley C.H, & Neale D.B. (2014). Unique Features of the Loblolly Pine (Pinus taeda L.) Megagenome Revealed Through Sequence Annotation. Genetics, 196(3), 891-909.
Publication 2014
Amino Acids Amino Acid Sequence Embryo Expressed Sequence Tags Female Gametophytes Genitalia Genome Magnoliopsida Needles Open Reading Frames Picea Pinus Pinus abies Pinus pinaster Pinus taeda Plants Proteins RNA, Messenger RNA-Seq Seedlings Sequence Alignment SET protein, human Tracheophyta Transcriptome
5
Comparative Genomic Analysis of Plant Species
Cited 5 times
The amino acid and nucleotide sequences of 12 representative plant species were downloaded from various sources: A. coerulea, A. thaliana, Daucus carota, Mimulus guttatus, M. acuminata, Oryza sativa japonica, Populus trichocarpa, Vitis vinifera and Zea mays from Phytozome (version 12.1; https://phytozome.jgi.doe.gov/), Picea abies from the Plant Genome Integrative Explorer Resource86 (link) (http://plantgenie.org/), Ginkgo biloba from GigaDB87 (link) and A. trichopoda from Ensembl plants88 (release 39). Gene families or orthologous groups of these species and SCT were determined by OrthoFinder21 (link) (version 2.2.0). Pfams of each species were calculated from the Pfam website (version 31.0; https://pfam.xfam.org/). Pfam numbers of every species were transformed into z-scores. Significant expansions or reductions of Pfams in SCT were based on a z-score greater than 1.96 or less than −1.96, respectively. The significant Pfams were sorted by Pfam numbers (Supplementary Fig. 19). Gene family expansion and loss were inferred using CAFE89 (link) (version 4.1, with an input tree as the species tree inferred from the single-copy orthologues).
Chaw S.M., Liu Y.C., Wu Y.W., Wang H.Y., Lin C.Y., Wu C.S., Ke H.M., Chang L.Y., Hsu C.Y., Yang H.T., Sudianto E., Hsu M.H., Wu K.P., Wang L.N., Leebens-Mack J.H, & Tsai I.J. (2019). Stout camphor tree genome fills gaps in understanding of flowering plant genome evolution. Nature Plants, 5(1), 63-73.
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Publication 2019
Amino Acids Base Sequence Daucus carota Genes Genome, Plant Ginkgo biloba Mimulus Oryza sativa Pinus abies Plants Populus Trees Vitis Zea mays

Most recents protocols related to «Pinus abies»

1
Protein Sequence Data Collection
Protein sequences were gathered from the Joint Genome Institute (JGI) Phytozome 12 database (https://phytozome-next.jgi.doe.gov) unless specified otherwise (Goodstein et al., 2012 (link)). Sequences from Antheros agrestis, Antheros angustus, and Antheros punctatus were gathered from the hornwort sequence database (https://www.hornworts.uzh.ch/en/download.html) of the Szovenyi group. Sequences from Salvinia cucullate were gathered from the Fernbase (https://www.fernbase.org/). Sequences from Picea abies were gathered from the gymnosperm PLAZA plant comparative genomics database (https://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/plaza) (Proost et al., 2009 (link)).
Yayen J., Chan C., Sun C.M., Chiang S.F, & Chiou T.J. (2023). Conservation of land plant-specific receptor-like cytoplasmic kinase subfamily XI possessing a unique kinase insert domain. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1117059.
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Publication 2023
Amino Acid Sequence Anthocerotophyta Cycadopsida Genome Joints Pinus abies Plants
2
Pinaceae Transcriptome Data Collection
From open-access databases, raw transcriptome data for 15 species were downloaded. Among the species, 12 species belong to 10 genera of Pinaceae, including Abies firma, Cathaya argyrophylla, Cedrus deodara, Keteleeria evelyniana, Larix gmelinii, Picea abies, Picea smithiana, Pinus armandii, Pinus elliottii, Pinus massoniana, Pinus taeda, Pseudolarix amabilis, Pseudotsuga menziesii, Tsuga dumosa and Tsuga longibracteata, and the three species Cycas panzhihuaensis, Araucaria cunninghamii, and Platycladus orientalis were used as outgroups (Supplementary Table S1).
Jiang K., Du C., Huang L., Luo J., Liu T, & Huang S. (2023). Phylotranscriptomics and evolution of key genes for terpene biosynthesis in Pinaceae. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1114579.
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Publication 2023
Abies Araucaria Cedrus Cycas Fir, Douglas Larix Picea Pinaceae Pinus Pinus abies Pinus taeda Thuja orientalis Transcriptome Tsuga
3
Identification of Key Regulatory Genes in Pinus sylvestris
The search for the CLE41/44, PXY, and WOX4 genes was carried out using the P. sylvestris gene set deposited in the GymnoPLAZA database (https://bioinformatics.psb.ugent.be/plaza/versions/gymno-plaza/, accessed on 20 July 2022) [82 (link)]. To this end, the CDS of Arabidopsis thaliana, Picea abies, and several Pinus species CLE41/44, PXY, and WOX4 genes and the amino acid sequences of corresponding proteins were obtained from The Arabidopsis Information Resource (TAIR) database (https://www.arabidopsis.org, accessed on 20 July 2022), ConGenIE (https://congenie.org/, accessed on 20 July 2022), and the NCBI database (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/, accessed on 20 July 2022). We then used the resulting sequences as a BLAST search query across the gene set of P. sylvestris to identify homologous sequences.
We predicted the structures of candidate proteins using the National Centre for Biotechnology Information (NCBI) resource (http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/Structure/cdd/cdd.shtml, accessed on 20 July 2022) [83 (link)]. Prediction of protein subcellular localization was performed using DeepLoc 2.0 [84 (link)]. Prediction of transmembrane helices was done using DeepTMHMM [85 (link)]. We carried out phylogenetic analysis and construction of phylogenetic trees using MEGA X software, as described previously [54 (link)]. The percent identity of proteins was determined using the EMBOSS Needle online tool (https://www.ebi.ac.uk/Tools/psa/emboss_needle/, accessed on 20 July 2022).
Galibina N.A., Moshchenskaya Y.L., Tarelkina T.V., Nikerova K.M., Korzhenevskii M.A., Serkova A.A., Afoshin N.V., Semenova L.I., Ivanova D.S., Guljaeva E.N, & Chirva O.V. (2023). Identification and Expression Profile of CLE41/44-PXY-WOX Genes in Adult Trees Pinus sylvestris L. Trunk Tissues during Cambial Activity. Plants, 12(4), 835.
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Publication 2023
Amino Acid Sequence Arabidopsis Arabidopsis thalianas Genes Helix (Snails) Homologous Sequences Needles Pinus Pinus abies Proteins
4
Spruce Wood Fibre Characterization
Wood fibres (WF) of laboratory grade quality were obtained from the Institut für Holztechnologie Dresden gemeinnützige GmbH (IHD Dresden), Dresden, Germany, and produced with their laboratory refiner. The fibres consist of coniferous trees, mainly spruce (Picea abies (L.) Karst.), and were stored in dry conditions before using them. The fibres had an approximate moisture content of 6%.
Tschannen C., Shalbafan A, & Thoemen H. (2023). Development of an Electrically Conductive MDF Panel—Evaluation of Carbon Content and Resin Type. Polymers, 15(4), 912.
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Publication 2023
Fibrosis Picea Pinus abies Tracheophyta Trees
5
Molecular Characterization of Larix sibirica
DNA was extracted from fresh needles, homogenized in a Fastprep®-24 instrument (MP Biomedicals, Irvine, CA, USA), using the CTAB method [24 (link)].
ISSR analysis was performed using the primers (GTG)5, (CA)6GT and (AGC)6G according to the protocol described by Sboeva et al. [16 (link),17 (link)] and visualized in 1.7% agarose gel. SSR analysis was done with primers Lar_eSSR11, Lar_eSSR54, Lar_eSSR69, Lar_eSSR78F, Lar_eSSR96, Lar_eSSR111, Lar_eSSR115, Lar_eSSR115, Lar_eSSR228, bcLK056, bcLK224, bcLK232, bcLK260 and bcLK235 (Table 2), recommended by Dong et al. and Kulakov et al. and visualized in 10% polyacrylamide gel [10 (link),11 (link)].
Amplification and sequencing of the internal transcribed spacer (ITS) was performed according to Araki et al. using primers 5′-TGCGGTAGGATCATTGATAGCA-3′ and 5′-AGCCCAAACCTATCCATCCGA-3′ [9 (link)]. Amplification and sequencing of the trnT-trnF region and total trnK intron was done as described by Wei et al. and Bashalkhanov et al. with primers trnTF (5′-CATTACAAATGCGATGCTCT-3′), trnLR (5′-TCTACCGATTTCGCCATATC-3′), trnLF (5′-CGAAATCGGTAGACGCTACG-3′), trnFR (5′-TTTGAACTGGTGACACGAG-3′), trnKF (5′-AACCCGGAACTAGTCGGATG-3′) and trnRF (5′-GGTTGCGAGCTCAATGGTAGAGT-3′) [8 (link),21 (link)]. Amplification of atpF-atpH, psbK-psbI, rbcL and rpoC1 markers was carried out according to Matveeva et al. [25 (link)]. Primers for amplification of atpF-atpH marker were 5′-ACTCGCACACACTCCCTTTCC-3′ and 5′-GCTTTTATGGAAGCTTTAACAAT-3′; for psbK-psbI marker—5′-TTAGCCTTTGTTTGGCAAG-3′ and 5′-AGAGTTTGAGAGTAAGCAT-3′; for rbcL marker—5′-GTAAAATCAAGTCCACCRCG-3′ and 5′-ATGTCACCACAAACAGAGACTAAAGC-3′ and for rpoC1 marker—5′-CCATAAGCATATCTTGAGTTGG-3′ and 5′-GGCAAAGAGGGAAGATTTCG-3′.
Picea abies genes mTERF (MA_39589g0010) and GIGANTEA (MA_19575g0010) [12 (link)] were extracted from the Gymno PLAZA database. The search for homologous genes was carried out in whole-genome shotgun contigs of L. sibirica via NCBI BLAST tool. Alignment was performed in SnapGene software. Primers for the amplification of target genes were selected via the NCBI Primer designing tool. Primers 5′-TTGTTTTCAGAGGACCCAGC-3′ and 5′-ACCCATAGAGAATGATGGACCC-3′ were used for amplification and sequencing of the mTERF gene. Primers 5′-TCCCGCATGGCTGTTATCTA-3′ and 5′-CTTCTGCAACACGAGGGGTA-3′ were used for partial amplification and sequencing of the GIGANTEA gene.
All amplifications were performed in the MiniAmp Plus Thermal Cycler (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA), i.e., to initial denaturation at 95 °C for 5 min; followed by 35 cycles of 40 s denaturation at 94 °C, 40 s annealing at 56 °C, and 40 s elongation at 72 °C; with final elongation at 72 °C for 2 min. Products were purified with ExoSAP-IT PCR Product Cleanup Reagent (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, WA, USA), prepared using BigDye Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit and subjected to Sanger sequencing in Applied Biosystems 3500 genetic analyzer (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, WA, USA).
Artyukhin A., Sharifyanova Y., Krivosheev M.M, & Mikhaylova E.V. (2023). Larches of Kuzhanovo Have a Unique Mutation in the atpF–atpH Intergenic Spacer. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3939.
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Publication 2023
Cetrimonium Bromide Gene Amplification Genes Genome Introns Needles Oligonucleotide Primers Pinus abies polyacrylamide gels Reproduction Sepharose

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Methanol by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Italy, India, United Kingdom, China, France, Poland, Spain, Switzerland, Australia, Canada, Sao Tome and Principe, Brazil, Ireland, Japan, Belgium, Portugal, Singapore, Macao, Malaysia, Czechia, Mexico, Indonesia, Chile, Denmark, Sweden, Bulgaria, Netherlands, Finland, Hungary, Austria, Israel, Norway, Egypt, Argentina, Greece, Kenya, Thailand, Pakistan
Methanol is a clear, colorless, and flammable liquid that is widely used in various industrial and laboratory applications. It serves as a solvent, fuel, and chemical intermediate. Methanol has a simple chemical formula of CH3OH and a boiling point of 64.7°C. It is a versatile compound that is widely used in the production of other chemicals, as well as in the fuel industry.
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Rm2255 by Leica camera
Sourced in Germany, China, United States, Switzerland, Japan
The RM2255 is a rotary microtome manufactured by Leica Biosystems. It is designed for the precise sectioning of paraffin-embedded tissue samples for use in histological analysis and microscopy. The RM2255 features a motorized sectioning mechanism and a user-friendly interface, allowing for accurate and reproducible section thicknesses.
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1 4 dioxane by Avantor
Sourced in Poland, France
1,4-dioxane is a chemical compound commonly used as an industrial solvent and in the manufacture of other chemicals. It is a colorless, flammable liquid with a faint, ethereal odor. 1,4-dioxane has a variety of applications in laboratory settings, including as a solvent for various organic compounds.
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Ethanol by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Italy, India, France, China, Australia, Spain, Canada, Switzerland, Japan, Brazil, Poland, Sao Tome and Principe, Singapore, Chile, Malaysia, Belgium, Macao, Mexico, Ireland, Sweden, Indonesia, Pakistan, Romania, Czechia, Denmark, Hungary, Egypt, Israel, Portugal, Taiwan, Province of China, Austria, Thailand
Ethanol is a clear, colorless liquid chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a key component in various scientific applications, serving as a solvent, disinfectant, and fuel source. Ethanol has a molecular formula of C2H6O and a range of industrial and research uses.

More about "Pinus abies"

Norway spruce (Pinus abies) is a towering, evergreen coniferous tree native to the cool, moist climates of Europe.
Reaching heights of up to 60 meters and trunk diameters of 1.5 meters, this majestic species is prized for its versatile timber, used in construction, pulpwood, and a variety of other wood products.
With its pyramidal shape and small, scale-like needles ranging from green to blue-green, Pinus abies is a popular ornamental tree and a valuable asset in forestry and landscaping applications.
Researchers studying the Norway spruce can optimize their work by utilizing the power of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform that enhances reproducibility and accuracy in research.
By accessing protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, scientists can discover the best methodologies and products to suit their specific needs.
This includes the use of key chemicals and compounds like sodium hydroxide, sulfuric acid, pyridine, xylose, ethyl acetate, glycerol, methanol, RM2255, 1,4-dioxane, and ethanol, which are often employed in Pinus abies-related studies.
With the insights provided by PubCompare.ai, researchers can streamline their Pinus abies investigations, ensuring reliable, reproducible, and accurate results that advance our understanding of this remarkable tree species.
Whether you're studying the biology, ecology, or commercial applications of the Norway spruce, PubCompare.ai is a powerful tool to optimize your research and drive innovation.