A purposive sample of midwives (n = 17) was recruited from 11 ANC clinics; one to two midwives from each clinic, in the middle and north of Sweden. Before recruitment, the first author (UB) informed superintendents or midwives at the actual clinics about the study by telephone and by e-mail. Inclusion criteria for the study were being a registered midwife, more than two years of work experiences at the actual clinic, and working with a multi-cultural mix of patients, including Somali born women. In order to achieve a variety of settings, ANC clinics in both large metropolitan areas and smaller cities were included and the working experiences of the midwives varied between 5 and 20 years. One participant was included in the study despite only being in the position for 1 ½ years, as her function as a midwife for asylum seeking- and refugee women only provided additional perspectives to the study. Three approached clinics refrained from participation due to heavy workload. Before inclusion in the study, each informant was given oral and written information about content, confidentiality, and the voluntary nature of participation and oral and written consent for participation was obtained. Ethical approval was obtained from the Regional Ethical Review Board of Uppsala, Sweden (2008/226).
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Living Beings
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Population Group
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Refugees
Refugees
Refugees are individuals who have been forced to flee their home countries due to persecution, war, or other forms of violence.
These displaced persons often face significant challenges, including lack of access to healthcare, education, and basic necessities.
PubCompare.ai empowers refugee research by using AI-driven protocol optimization to locate relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and then intelligently comparing them to identify the best solutions.
This cutting-edg technology streamlines refugee research, providing researchers and humanitarian organizations with the tools they need to support displaced populations more effectively.
These displaced persons often face significant challenges, including lack of access to healthcare, education, and basic necessities.
PubCompare.ai empowers refugee research by using AI-driven protocol optimization to locate relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and then intelligently comparing them to identify the best solutions.
This cutting-edg technology streamlines refugee research, providing researchers and humanitarian organizations with the tools they need to support displaced populations more effectively.
Most cited protocols related to «Refugees»
Childbirth
Ethical Review
Midwife
Patients
Refugees
Woman
The study settings were the malaria-endemic districts in Iran. Iran has participated in the process of eliminating malaria since 2010. In the last few years, almost all malaria incidences have occurred in southeastern Iran and provinces adjacent to the Pakistan border. Imported malaria cases were caused by the movement of immigrants and refugees crossing the Afghanistan and Pakistan borders [30 ]. For this purpose, 12 districts in Sistan and Baluchestan, Hormozgan, and Kerman provinces were selected (four districts within each province). The selection criterion was readiness declaration from their governors. Figure 1 illustrates the location of these districts.![]()
Network analysis measures and imported malaria cases among different Malaria endemic districts of Iran in 2016–2017
Immigrants
Malaria
Movement
Refugees
The target population of the BHIS consists of all persons with residence in Belgium, including the institutionalised elderly, with no restrictions on age or nationality. The National Population Registry (NPR) is used as the sampling frame. This registry contains information on gender, age, address, citizenship, marital status, etc. of each individual. It is continuously updated based on the information provided by the municipality officials. Indeed, each birth, death and change of address in Belgium has to be declared to the municipality officials. Although the NPR is the most complete and updated population registry in Belgium, using it as a sampling frame implies that those not officially registered (homeless people, unofficial refugees and all those living with them) are excluded from participation in the BHIS. No absolute figures exist on the not officially registered persons in Belgium.
Recent estimations suggest that around 100,000 people are not registered, especially in big cities like Brussels, Antwerp and Gent. A special case concerns the institutionalized people; in the NPR it is mentioned whether someone is institutionalised or not, without defining the kind of institution. Such institution could be a home for the elderly, a convent, a psychiatric institution, a prison… For operational reasons, prisoners and persons living in large convents or in a psychiatric institution are excluded from the survey since this would require a very specific contact procedure (including a permission of organisations’ hierarchy) and adapted interview skills. e People institutionalised in a home for the elderly are included in the survey, given the specific attention of the Commissioners for the health of the elderly population. Therefore all institutionalised people are included in the sampling frame, but their eligibility to participate in the survey is assessed post hoc during the data-collection phase, that is; when the interviewer tries to contact them. In case it turns out that the sampled person lives in a prison, large convent of psychiatric institution, he/she is considered as non-eligible
[5 ].
Recent estimations suggest that around 100,000 people are not registered, especially in big cities like Brussels, Antwerp and Gent. A special case concerns the institutionalized people; in the NPR it is mentioned whether someone is institutionalised or not, without defining the kind of institution. Such institution could be a home for the elderly, a convent, a psychiatric institution, a prison… For operational reasons, prisoners and persons living in large convents or in a psychiatric institution are excluded from the survey since this would require a very specific contact procedure (including a permission of organisations’ hierarchy) and adapted interview skills. e People institutionalised in a home for the elderly are included in the survey, given the specific attention of the Commissioners for the health of the elderly population. Therefore all institutionalised people are included in the sampling frame, but their eligibility to participate in the survey is assessed post hoc during the data-collection phase, that is; when the interviewer tries to contact them. In case it turns out that the sampled person lives in a prison, large convent of psychiatric institution, he/she is considered as non-eligible
[5 ].
Aged
Attention
Childbirth
Eligibility Determination
Institutionalized Persons
Interviewers
Persons, Homeless
Population Health
Prisoners
Reading Frames
Refugees
Target Population
The study was conducted at the SMRU, located along the Thailand-Myanmar border in the north-western province of Tak, Thailand. The population attending SMRU clinics is composed of migrants and refugees. The staff of SMRU clinics consists of locally trained medics, midwives, nurses, health workers and laboratory technicians. The field clinics including the laboratories have stable electricity and are equipped with basic equipment and refrigerators.
Newborns enrolled in a cohort study between January 2015 and May 2016
24 (link) who were born after 28 weeks of gestational age and had a G6PD FST performed on umbilical cord blood were included in the analysis. The FST was performed using five microliters of blood that were mixed with 100 μl of reagents (R&D Diagnostic, Greece), incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature, spotted on filter paper and air dried. The spot tests were then visualised under UV light by a locally trained laboratory technician. Spot tests showing intermediate to normal fluorescence were classified as G6PD normal, while those showing no fluorescence were classified as G6PD deficient. Spot tests were transported within 12 hours to the central haematology laboratory in Mae Sot where they were re-examined by qualified laboratory technicians for quality control (QC). Data were analysed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 23, IBM Corporation). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated to evaluate the concordance between the FST performed in the clinics and the QC. The QC results were used to calculate the prevalence of G6PD phenotype at birth.
Neonates were followed up and after one month of age a capillary blood sample was tested with the FST by a locally trained laboratory technician. Samples with discrepant QC results at birth, and with different results at birth versus after one month of age were genotyped using established PCR-RFLP protocols for Mahidol, Chinese-4, Canton, Viangchan, Mediterranean and Kaiping mutations
25 (link).
Newborns enrolled in a cohort study between January 2015 and May 2016
24 (link) who were born after 28 weeks of gestational age and had a G6PD FST performed on umbilical cord blood were included in the analysis. The FST was performed using five microliters of blood that were mixed with 100 μl of reagents (R&D Diagnostic, Greece), incubated for 10 minutes at room temperature, spotted on filter paper and air dried. The spot tests were then visualised under UV light by a locally trained laboratory technician. Spot tests showing intermediate to normal fluorescence were classified as G6PD normal, while those showing no fluorescence were classified as G6PD deficient. Spot tests were transported within 12 hours to the central haematology laboratory in Mae Sot where they were re-examined by qualified laboratory technicians for quality control (QC). Data were analysed using SPSS (IBM SPSS Statistics 23, IBM Corporation). Sensitivity, specificity, negative predictive value (NPV), and positive predictive value (PPV) were calculated to evaluate the concordance between the FST performed in the clinics and the QC. The QC results were used to calculate the prevalence of G6PD phenotype at birth.
Neonates were followed up and after one month of age a capillary blood sample was tested with the FST by a locally trained laboratory technician. Samples with discrepant QC results at birth, and with different results at birth versus after one month of age were genotyped using established PCR-RFLP protocols for Mahidol, Chinese-4, Canton, Viangchan, Mediterranean and Kaiping mutations
25 (link).
BLOOD
Capillaries
Childbirth
Chinese
Diagnosis
Electricity
Fluorescence
Gestational Age
Glucosephosphate Dehydrogenase
Health Personnel
Hypersensitivity
Infant, Newborn
Laboratory Technicians
Midwife
Migrants
Nurses
Phenotype
Refugees
Restriction Fragment Length Polymorphism
Ultraviolet Rays
Umbilical Cord Blood
During the spring of 2011, IRCC and ICES partnered to develop a data sharing agreement for the disclosure of data elements of federal immigration records from IRCC to ICES. This was designed to support health services research and statistical analysis of immigrants and refugees to Ontario. The entire Ontario IRCC-PR database consisted of over 3 million records of individuals who landed in Ontario between January 1985 and December 2012. The personal identifiers included record identification number, surname, given names, date of birth, sex and landing date, as well as socio-demographic data fields, such as country of origin, last permanent residence, marital status and immigrant class. The three main immigrant classes include: economic (e.g. skilled workers, business class immigrants (investors or entrepreneurs)), family class (family reunification and sponsorship), and refugee or asylum seekers.
In a similar way, a data sharing agreement was reached between ICES and the Office of the Registrar General of Ontario to facilitate the disclosure of registered vital statistics death information to ICES. Since then, annual data updates have raised the total number of records to almost 2 million as of March 31, 2013. The personal identification fields included surname and given names, sex, postal code, dates of birth and death, in addition to details of immediate and primary cause of death using the International Classification of Diseases – Ninth (ICD-9) and Tenth (ICD-10) Revision, and place of injury and death.
The raw databases were disclosed to ICES’ eight designated data covenantors, who are authorized by the Ontario Information and Privacy Commissioner to collect data from the data partners and have access to direct personal identifiers for the purposes of conducting data record linkages at ICES.
In a similar way, a data sharing agreement was reached between ICES and the Office of the Registrar General of Ontario to facilitate the disclosure of registered vital statistics death information to ICES. Since then, annual data updates have raised the total number of records to almost 2 million as of March 31, 2013. The personal identification fields included surname and given names, sex, postal code, dates of birth and death, in addition to details of immediate and primary cause of death using the International Classification of Diseases – Ninth (ICD-9) and Tenth (ICD-10) Revision, and place of injury and death.
The raw databases were disclosed to ICES’ eight designated data covenantors, who are authorized by the Ontario Information and Privacy Commissioner to collect data from the data partners and have access to direct personal identifiers for the purposes of conducting data record linkages at ICES.
Childbirth
Ice
Immigrants
Injuries
Refugees
Workers
Most recents protocols related to «Refugees»
We conducted key informant interviews with 28 respondents in the three refugee hosting districts. A semi-structured interview guide with open-ended questions and focused probes was used to guide the interviews. The guide consisted of several themes including: (a) elements of health services, (b) organisational factors on sustainability of health services (c) community and ecological factors and (d) funding. The questions emerged from literature review and the framework for sustainability of health services adopted to humanitarian health assistance. Interviews were conducted by trained research assistants. Interviews were conducted in English. Each interview lasted approximately between one to one and half hours. All interviews were audio-recorded with notes taken by interviewers.
Complement Factor B
Interviewers
Refugees
We used a qualitative comparative case study design. The design was deemed appropriate for an in-depth inquiry into health services and the sustainability in refugee settings. The design is suitable to assess the ‘how’ or ‘why’ questions about phenomena’s and to reflect changes of events over time [6 (link)]. It supports the exploration of individuals, organisations and communities ranging from simple to complex interventions [34 ]. The design is suitable for exploring phenomena’s that have not been studied before [29 ]. Further, the design facilitates exploration of the localized nature of the context of health service delivery for refugees and host communities. Each of the districts was treated as a distinct case. Qualitative approaches are appropriate to use in exploratory studies such as this one especially when little is known about the topic being examined and testable hypothesis cannot be specified [7 ].
Delivery of Health Care
Refugees
We conducted the study in three west Nile refugee hosting districts of Adjumani, Moyo and Arua. Data were collected between December – February 2017. The three districts are largely rural with a combined population of 2,390,899 people. The districts have experienced two major refugee influxes from South Sudan. The first influx occurring during 1983-1995 and most recently from 2014 to date. Health services for refugee and host communities in the three districts are provided by a mixture of public and Private-Not-For Profit providers. First, the public health system is managed and coordinated by the District Health Team through a network of tiered health facilities. Through the second, health services for refugees have been funded by the UNHCR and provided by a network of health facilities managed by implementing partners.
Refugees
Rural Population
We used a purposive sampling strategy to recruit a rich sample [21 ] of respondents from the three study districts. This strategy aimed at enhancing credibility [2 (link)]. We recruited 28 key-informants from a broad cross-section of backgrounds, knowledge, and skills regarding provision of health services for refugees and host population in each of the three districts. Interviews were conducted with two broad categories of respondents. These included administrators and managers (n = 11) Chief Administrative Officers, District Planners, District Health Officers, and Finance Officers/Managers. Technical staff (n = 17) included district engineers, community development officers, refugee health focal persons, health workers, facility managers and project staff of NGOs.
Administrators
Health Personnel
Refugees
The current analysis is based on secondary data collected for the baseline study of knowledge, attitudes and practices (KAP) of potential beneficiaries of United Nations Population Fund (UNFPA)'s supported program on Advancing Sexual Reproductive Health and Rights (ANSWER) in Northern Uganda. The survey was conducted in September 2021 among a random sample of 6,056 young people (15–24 years) of which 575 were refugees. The survey was household based using a stratified two-stage cluster design with stratification on districts and urban-rural residence. In the first stage, a probability proportional to the size sample of villages was taken from each stratum. In the second stage, a systematic sample of households with young people (15–24 years) was taken. A response rate of 98% was achieved in the survey.
Households
Population Programs
Refugees
Reproduction
Sexual Health
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ChromID Carbapenemase agar is a chromogenic culture medium used for the detection and differentiation of carbapenemase-producing Enterobacteriaceae and other Gram-negative bacteria in clinical samples. The agar allows for the identification of carbapenem-resistant organisms based on their specific color reactions.
More about "Refugees"
Refugees are individuals who have been forced to flee their home countries due to persecution, war, or other forms of violence.
These displaced persons often face significant challenges, including lack of access to healthcare, education, and basic necessities.
PubCompare.ai empowers refugee research by using AI-driven protocol optimization to locate relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and then intelligently comparing them to identify the best solutions.
This cutting-edg technology streamlines refugee research, providing researchers and humanitarian organizations with the tools they need to support displaced populations more effectively.
Forced migrants, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and exiles are all terms used to describe individuals who have been displaced from their homes due to conflicts, natural disasters, or other crises.
These vulnerable populations often struggle to access essential services, such as medical care, education, and sanitation, which can be exacerbated by language barriers, cultural differences, and legal status.
PubCompare.ai, a cutting-edge AI platform, helps streamline refugee research by optimizing protocols and identifying the best solutions from literature, preprints, and patents.
This technology empowers researchers and humanitarian organizations to more effectively support displaced populations, using data-driven insights to guide decision-making and resource allocation.
In addition to PubCompare.ai, various statistical software packages, such as SAS 9.4, SPSS Statistics version 25, Stata 14, and Stata 15, can be utilized to analyze data and inform refugee-related research and programming.
These tools can be particularly helpful in areas like demographic analysis, needs assessments, and program evaluation.
Furthermore, ChromID Carbapenemase agar, a specialized microbiological medium, can be used to detect the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can be a significant concern in refugee camps and other displaced settings.
By monitoring and addressing such public health issues, researchers and humanitarian organizations can better protect the health and well-being of refugee populations.
By incorporating these diverse resources and technologies, the refugee research community can continue to develop innovative solutions to support the unique needs and challenges faced by displaced individuals and communities around the world.
These displaced persons often face significant challenges, including lack of access to healthcare, education, and basic necessities.
PubCompare.ai empowers refugee research by using AI-driven protocol optimization to locate relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and then intelligently comparing them to identify the best solutions.
This cutting-edg technology streamlines refugee research, providing researchers and humanitarian organizations with the tools they need to support displaced populations more effectively.
Forced migrants, asylum seekers, internally displaced persons (IDPs), and exiles are all terms used to describe individuals who have been displaced from their homes due to conflicts, natural disasters, or other crises.
These vulnerable populations often struggle to access essential services, such as medical care, education, and sanitation, which can be exacerbated by language barriers, cultural differences, and legal status.
PubCompare.ai, a cutting-edge AI platform, helps streamline refugee research by optimizing protocols and identifying the best solutions from literature, preprints, and patents.
This technology empowers researchers and humanitarian organizations to more effectively support displaced populations, using data-driven insights to guide decision-making and resource allocation.
In addition to PubCompare.ai, various statistical software packages, such as SAS 9.4, SPSS Statistics version 25, Stata 14, and Stata 15, can be utilized to analyze data and inform refugee-related research and programming.
These tools can be particularly helpful in areas like demographic analysis, needs assessments, and program evaluation.
Furthermore, ChromID Carbapenemase agar, a specialized microbiological medium, can be used to detect the presence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria, which can be a significant concern in refugee camps and other displaced settings.
By monitoring and addressing such public health issues, researchers and humanitarian organizations can better protect the health and well-being of refugee populations.
By incorporating these diverse resources and technologies, the refugee research community can continue to develop innovative solutions to support the unique needs and challenges faced by displaced individuals and communities around the world.