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Tribes

Tribes are social divisions in human society based on kinship, language, or common culture.
They often have a shared territory, customs, and leadership structure.
Tribs provide a sense of identity and community for their members.
Studying tribes can offer insights into human social organization, cultural diversity, and the evolution of societal structures.
Researchers may use PubCompare.ai's AI platform to quickly identify and compare research protocols related to tribal societies and their dynamnics.

Most cited protocols related to «Tribes»

A total of 1002 DNA samples were used in this study comprising: i) reference samples from the HGDP-CEPH diversity panel standardized subset H952 [30] (link), [31] (link) with origin in Africa (AFR), Europe (EUR), East Asia (EAS), America (NAM) and also Oceania (OCE), representing a total 584 individuals from 40 populations. Individuals 1219, 1339, 1344 and 1041 were not included in the study since no DNA was available for analysis; in substitution of 1041 we used 1042 who had been excluded from subset H952 due to a parent/offspring relationship with 1041 [31] (link); ii) samples from Angola (48), Portugal (48), Taiwan (48) and Brazilian Amazonas tribes (48) used in a preliminary evaluation of the AIM-INDEL assay and as example testing samples; iii) samples from the city of Belém (226), an admixed population in northeastern Amazonas, Brazil.
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Publication 2012
Biological Assay DNA, A-Form INDEL Mutation Tribes
Predicted proteomes of M. larici-populina and P. graminis f. sp. tritici were obtained from [55] and [56] respectively. The secretomes were defined using PexFinder [57] (link). Transmembrane domain containing proteins and proteins with mitochondrial signal peptides were removed using TMHMM and TargetP, respectively. Automated BlastP-based annotation was performed on proteins included in the secretome tribes of rust fungi using Blast2GO [58] with default parameters. In addition, a database including P. striiformis f. sp. tritici haustoria ESTs [59] (link), P. triticina haustoria ESTs [47] (link), M. lini HESPs [34] (link), fungal AVRs [22] (link), and M. larici-populina haustoria ESTs [33] (link) was constructed. A BlastP analysis of proteins included in the secretome of rust fungi was conducted using this haustorial EST database, with an e-value cutoff of 10−5. We searched each protein for the effector motifs [L/I]xAR [60] (link), [61] (link), [R/K]CxxCx12H [60] (link), RxLR [9] (link), [Y/F/W]xC [30] (link), YxSL[R/K] [62] (link) and G[I/F/Y][A/L/S/T]R [34] (link) between amino acids 10 to 110 using Perl scripts. Nuclear localisation signals were predicted with PredictNLS [63] (link). Protein internal repeats were predicted using T-Reks [52] (link). Disulfide bridges were predicted using Disulfind [64] (link).
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Publication 2012
Amino Acids Disulfides Expressed Sequence Tags Fungi Integral Membrane Proteins Mitochondrial Proteins Nuclear Localization Signals Proteins Proteome Secretome Signal Peptides Staphylococcal Protein A Tribes
Five chloroplast DNA markers—matK, ndhF, rbcL, rps16, and trnL-F—were employed in this study because (1) they have been widely used in phylogenetic reconstructions of Lamiaceae at generic, tribal or subfamilial level, and (2) many species of Lamiaceae have already been sequenced for these markers in previous molecular studies9 10 21 22 23 24 25 26 (link)27 (link)28 (link)29 30 31 (link)32 (link)33 34 (link)35 (link)36 (link)37 (link)38 39 40 (link)41 42 43 44 45 46 47 48 49 50 51 52 53 101 . No comparable source of data exists for any nuclear DNA region for a broad sample of Lamiaceae.
The ingroup sample included representatives of all seven subfamilies and all ten genera incertae sedis recognized by Harley et al.16 and all 14 tribes recognized by Olmstead18 . Nomenclature of Lamiaceae and Viticoideae s. str. followed Olmstead18 and Bramley et al.47 , respectively. Initially, we downloaded data for all taxa of Lamiaceae with sequence information for any of the five gene regions deposited in Genbank as of August 2015. In the five subfamilies whose monophyly is well supported (viz., Ajugoideae, Lamioideae, Nepetoideae, Prostantheroideae and Scutellarioideae), sampling was designed to cover their genus-level diversity. Generally, genera with at least two sequenced regions were selected, and each selected genus was represented by one or two species. Particular emphasis was placed on sampling Symphorematoideae, Viticoideae s. str., all genera incertae sedis, and three genera formerly assigned to Viticoideae—Cornutia, Gmelina, and Premna. In three large genera—Callicarpa, Premna, and Vitex, sampling was designed to cover their morphological and geographic breadth. In total, 288 species representing 191 genera were included, representing approximately 78% of the genera of Lamiaceae. Five outgroup species were selected representing the closest relatives to Lamiaceae in Lamiales12 13 (link)14 15 (link). They are Lindenbergia philippensis (Cham. & Schltdl.) Benth. and Pedicularis groenlandica Retz. from Orobanchaceae, Paulownia tomentosa (Thunb.) Steud. from Paulowniaceae, Mazus reptans N. E. Br. from Mazaceae and Phryma leptostachya L. from Phrymaceae. Information on sampled taxa and Genbank accession numbers is assembled in Supplementary Table S1.
The five separate molecular data sets matK, ndhF, rbcL, rps16 and trnL-F contained 202, 160, 170, 181, and 259 sequences with 54, 83, 59, 57, and 88 newly reported sequences, respectively. The dataset combining the five markers included 270 taxa (D270), with 39.65 % missing data. According to investigations by Wiens113 (link) and Wiens and Moen114 , the proportion of missing data should not affect the accuracy of the phylogenetic analysis; however, just to make sure, a reduced dataset was assembled including 155 taxa (D155) with at least three of the five regions or 50 % of the total aligned sequence length available for each terminal taxon. The total amount of missing data in D155 was 23.51 %. For most species in the combined datasets, data were available for all five regions, but there were some genera of Ajugoideae, Lamioideae, Nepetoideae, Prostantheroideae, and Scutellarioideae in which different species were used for different gene regions. When data were pooled in this way, generic names, rather than species names, were used to represent the combined sequences in the phylogenetic trees.
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Publication 2016
Beautyberry Chloroplasts Generic Drugs Genes Lamiaceae Markers, DNA MATK protein, human Orobanchaceae Pedicularis Tribes Vitex agnus-castus
St. Mary’s Hospital, Lacor (http://www.lhospital.org), is a Catholic mission hospital established in 1959 in Gulu in northern Uganda about 350 km from Kampala, Uganda’s capital. With ~500 beds (108 for children) and treating ~280,000 patients annually, it is the 3rd largest hospital in the country, offering general and specialized services to people living within ~100 mile radius. BL treatment is given at no cost to patients. A BL registry was established in 1992 to keep track of patients. Cases are diagnosed clinically and confirmed using cytology or histology by a senior pathologist at Makerere University Medical School in Kampala. Data were available on age, sex, tribe, address (district, sub-county, parish or village), date of admission, duration of symptoms, diagnosis and tumor location. Analysis was restricted to cases from 10 neighboring districts (locator map in Figure 1) treated from 1997 through 2006, years for which registry data were considered reasonably complete. Northern Uganda lies in savannah woodland between 2000-4000 feet above sea level and receives ~1000-1500 mm of rainfall in two seasons from March through June (heavy rains) and from September through November (light rains). Average temperature is 60-80° F and humidity is ~30%, and malaria transmission is holoendemic year-around. Historically, BL incidence was higher in northern than in southern Uganda (~3-4-fold). The average population density is low compared to the country average (65 vs. 124/ km2) and people live in grass-thatched houses on small subsistence farms. The population is mostly Nilotic, with 80% belonging to the Luo tribes of Acholi or Langi. About 60% of the population live within 5 km of a health center or hospital and have relatively easy access to transport. We assumed that BL cases from this region would be referred to Lacor Hospital because it is the only hospital in the region with facilities to both diagnose and treat BL.
We calculated BL incidence in children (ages 0-14 years) using annual (mid-year) age- and sex-specific-population projections obtained from the Uganda Bureau of Statistics. The population data included district-level population counts from the 1991 and 2002 censuses and the mid-year population estimates for the inter-censual years from 1992-2001 and extrapolations from 2003-2006, and age-, sex-, parish-level (Parish is the smallest administrative unit in a district for which population counts are obtained during census) population census data from the 2002 census. To impute county-level populations by year, we used the Parish census data for 2002 in combination with the district data for each year, assuming that the age-specific distributions in a given county remained the same across the study period. Overall, district-, county-, age-, sex-, calendar-period-specific BL incidence and standardized incidence ratios with 95% confidence intervals (CI) by county were calculated. The expected numbers of cases were calculated by applying age-, race-, sex-, calendar year-, and registry-specific incidence rates from the combined population to the person-time distribution in the district or county. We assumed that incidence was determined by Poisson distribution. District and county incidence were also age-standardized to the world standard population of Segi (1960) by the direct method. Odds ratios of association and 95% confidence intervals (95% CI) between categorical variables were determined using chi-square tables, while differences in the means of continuous variables were determined using the unpaired t-test. Two-sided p-value <0.05 was considered statistically significant.
Publication 2008
Child Cytological Techniques Diagnosis Foot Forests Humidity Light Malaria Neoplasms by Site Pathologists Patients Poaceae Radius Rain Roman Catholics Transmission, Communicable Disease Tribes
This study gained verbal consent from participants (upon recommendation of cultural liaisons and tribal personnel) after IRB approval was obtained from the first author’s university, along with tribal council approvals from each tribe for study activities. To enable an understanding of distinct aspects as well as universal themes across AI/AN populations, two tribes were included in this research process: one tribe is federally recognized and the other is not. Tribal recognition may substantially affect opportunities, needs, resources, outcomes, and community infrastructure. For the protection of community identities, the names of these tribes are kept confidential. Both tribes are located in the Southeastern United States and have enrolled tribal populations of over 10,000 members.
Tribe A is a federally recognized tribe inland from the Gulf of Mexico. It is characterized by economic development, with tribal schools, health care services, as well as law enforcement, emergency and land management, and social services facilities. Tribe B is a state recognized tribe located in proximity to water and the Gulf Coast. Tribe B has more constrained economic resources and tribal infrastructure for its members. Tribe B offers employment, educational, and other individual programs for youth and tribal members. As indicated by the ethnographic methodology (Carspecken, 1996 ), this research included multiple forms of data (i.e., existing data, qualitative data, and quantitative survey). Each form of data is described in its respective section of the data collection and analysis phases with summary information depicted in.
Publication 2019
Emergencies Population Group Tribes Youth

Most recents protocols related to «Tribes»

This was a retrospective cohort study using deidentified medical record data obtained during routine clinical operations of the IHS teleophthalmology program at 75 primary care clinics distributed among 20 states. The IHS serves enrolled members of federally recognized tribes. The study was reviewed and approved by the IHS institutional review board at Phoenix Indian Medical Center under the exempt process. Written informed consent from participants was not required or obtained.
Details regarding the teleophthalmology program’s origins, protocols, distribution, and outcomes have been previously described.13 (link) Briefly, the program evaluates patients from participating primary care clinics. It is a validated American Telemedicine Association Category 3 program and its graders identify the Early Treatment Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS)–defined clinical levels of DR and diabetic macular edema (DME) severity.13 (link),14 (link),15 (link) Graders are certified and licensed optometrists who render a diagnosis using standardized protocols. The program currently recommends that patients receive annual DR examinations.
Before selecting the analytic cohort for this study, we defined a baseline period of January 1, 2015, to December 31, 2015, and a follow-up period of January 1, 2016, to December 31, 2019. Eligible patients had at least 1 IHS teleophthalmology examination with the program in both periods. Additionally, eligible patients were 20 years or older and had no evidence of DR or had mild nonproliferative DR (NPDR; ETDRS levels 10, 14, 15, 20) in the baseline period. Patients with severe/very severe NPDR (ETDRS levels 53 a-e), proliferative DR (PDR; ETDRS levels 61, 65, 71, 75, 81, 85), and/or any level of DME are referred out of the teleophthalmology program to specialty eye care; therefore, these patients were excluded. Referral recommendations of patients with moderate NPDR (ETDRS levels 35, 43, 47) are dependent on risk factors; therefore, these patients were also excluded. This study followed the Strengthening the Reporting of Observational Studies in Epidemiology (STROBE) reporting guidelines.
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Publication 2023
Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis Edema, Macular Ethics Committees, Research Optometrist Patients Physical Examination Primary Health Care Telemedicine Tribes
Coding regions of 79 protein-coding genes, four ribosomal RNA genes, six transfer RNA genes with sequence lengths above 200 bp (viz. trnA-UGC, trnG-UCU, trnI-GAU, trnK-UUU, trnL-UAA, and trnV-UAC), and intron regions of all 12 intron-containing coding genes (viz. atpF, clpP, ndhA, ndhB, petB, petD, rpl12, rpl16, rpoC1, rps12, rps16, ycf3) were extracted from the plastomes as conducted in Geneious 11.1.5 [91 ]. Additionally, to coordinate with the 49 accessions for which at least five plastid regions were available, sequences of four intergenic spacer regions (viz. rps15-ycf1, trnD-trnT, trnL-F, and trnQ-rps16) were also extracted. Sequence matrices corresponding to each region were aligned independently using the plugin of MAFFT [92 (link)] in Geneious with the default settings. The removal of ambiguously aligned sites in 17 matrices (including that of the trnK-UUU region, all the 12 intron-containing and four intergenic regions) was conducted in Gblocks 0.91b [93 (link)], with the option “Allowed Gap Positions” set as “All.”
Three different data sets were constructed: (1) a complete-coding matrix, including all 83 coding regions (viz. 79 protein-coding genes and four ribosomal RNA genes) of 300 accessions (including 129 palm genera and 28 palm tribes) that possessed complete or nearly complete plastome data; (2) a complete-105 regions matrix (including 105 plastid regions of 300 accessions), constructed by adding the complete-coding matrix to the other 22 plastid regions (i.e., six rRNA regions, 12 intron-containing regions, and four intergenic spacer regions); and (3) an incomplete-105 regions matrix (including 105 plastid regions of 349 accessions, among which 49 accessions had limited plastome data), constructed based on the complete-105 regions matrix, with the additional inclusion of the 49 accessions (representing 49 genera) with at least five plastid regions available in NCBI. Information about the proportion of missing data for each of the 49 genera included in the incomplete-105 regions matrix is presented in Additional file 3 (Table S3).
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Publication 2023
Arecaceae ClpP protein, human Gene Products, Protein Genes Intergenic Region Introns Plastids Ribosomal RNA Ribosomal RNA Genes RNA Sequence Transfer RNA Tribes
Plastomes of 210 accessions representing 182 species and 111 genera of Arecaceae were newly sequenced for this project, and detailed information about these accessions and voucher specimens is provided in Additional file 1 (Table S1). We further added complete or nearly complete plastid genome sequences from NCBI (https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/), corresponding to 76 accessions representing 71 species and 63 genera of the palm family (45 of these genera were duplicate with those newly sequenced here) (Additional file 1: Table S1). Most of these were derived from the phylogenomic studies conducted by Barrett et al. [47 (link)] and Comer et al. [48 (link)]. In addition, another 49 palm accessions representing 49 genera that have at least five plastid DNA regions in NCBI (www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov) were also included (Additional file 2: Table S2), most of which were from Baker et al. [24 (link)]. In total, the final taxon sampling included 335 palm accessions representing 276 species and 178 genera, accounting for 98.3% of all currently circumscribed palm genera, and representing all the subtribes, tribes, and subfamilies [40 (link)]. Three palm genera, viz. Jailoloa Heatubun & W.J. Baker, Sabinaria R. Bernal & Galeano, and Wallaceodoxa Heatubun & W.J. Baker, which are recently described genera [40 (link)], were not sampled here because of the lack of DNA material or published plastid sequence data, but their phylogenetic positions within the family were resolved previously in analyses based mainly on nuclear data [60 , 79 (link), 85 (link), 86 (link)]. Additionally, complete plastome sequences of four genera of the family Dasypogonaceae and ten genera representing the other ten monocot orders (Additional file 1: Table S1) were selected as outgroups based on the phylogenetic framework provided by Givnish et al. [87 (link)] and Li et al. [52 (link)].
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Publication 2023
Arecaceae Genome, Plastid Plastids Tribes
To calculate CRC incidence in the US, we used U.S. Cancer Statistics [6 ] data, which includes cancer registry data from the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention’s (CDC) National Program of Cancer Registries (NPCR) [7 ] and the National Cancer Institute’s (NCI) Surveillance, Epidemiology, and End Results (SEER) [8 ] Program. Cancer data for AI/AN persons in Alaska came from the Alaska Cancer Registry as well as the Alaska Native Tumor Registry, which is a member of the SEER program. This population-based central cancer registry records information on AI/AN persons who meet eligibility requirements for Indian Health Service benefits [9 ], who have been diagnosed with cancer in Alaska since 1969, and who resided in Alaska at the time of diagnosis.
CRC rates among AI/AN populations were calculated for six Indian Health Service regions in the US (Figure 1), and expressed per 100,000 population, using SEER*Stat software [10 ]. To examine rates by race in Alaska (Table 2), 5 years of data were aggregated because of the low number of cases in any single year for some racial groups. Rates were age-adjusted using the World Health Organization World Standard Population (2000–2025) [11 ], so that rates for AI/AN persons in the US could be compared with rates that have been estimated for countries around the world. Joinpoint [12 ] regression analysis was used to identify trends and quantify annual percent change in the CRC incidence rates among AI/AN and White persons in Alaska.

Map of United StatesIndian health service regions.

Estimates of worldwide CRC incidence were from the International Agency for Research on Cancer Global Cancer Observatory GLOBOCAN 2018 database. GLOBOCAN provides estimates of incidence rates, mortality rates, and cancer prevalence in 185 countries or territories for 36 cancer types by sex and age group [13 (link)].
Institutional review board approval and informed consent were not required for the current study because all NPCR, SEER and GLOBOCAN data are publicly available and collected for surveillance purposes, and all data were de-identified. Tribal review and approval were obtained for publication of this report from the Alaska Native Tribal Health Consortium, which is the statewide Tribal health organization serving all 229 federally recognised Tribes and all Alaska Native and American Indian individuals in Alaska.
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Publication 2023
Age Groups Alaskan Natives American Indians Diagnosis Eligibility Determination Ethics Committees, Research Malignant Neoplasms National Program of Cancer Registries Neoplasms Racial Groups Tribes White Person
An individual survey schedule was employed among 72,250 participants aged ≥45 years. Participants who referred to their caste as "Scheduled tribes" (STs) were included in this study. Following this, the conclusive sample size of 11,365 tribal individuals aged ≥45 years was achieved as per the objective of this study (Fig 1).
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Publication 2023
Tribes

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More about "Tribes"

Tribes are fascinating social structures that offer valuable insights into human societies.
These kinship-based, language-driven, or culturally unified groups often inhabit shared territories and maintain distinct customs, leadership, and a strong sense of community.
Studying tribal dynamics can shed light on the evolution of social organization, cultural diversity, and the intricate webs of human interaction.
Researchers can leverage cutting-edge tools like PubCompare.ai's AI platform to quickly identify and compare research protocols related to tribal societies.
This powerful tool enables researchers to streamline their work by rapidly locating protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, while utilizing advanced AI comparisons to identify the most suitable protocols and products for their needs.
Beyond tribes, researchers may also find value in exploring other powerful analytical tools and techniques, such as the HiSeq X Ten for high-throughput sequencing, the 7500 Fast Real-Time PCR System for precise genetic analysis, and the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit for efficient DNA extraction.
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Statistical software like Stata 12.0 and MedCalc version 16.4.3 can be invaluable for data analysis, while the Digital Camera DXM 1200F can capture high-quality visual data.
Stata 13 is another robust statistical tool that researchers may find useful in their endeavors.
By combining the insights gained from the study of tribes, the power of PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform, and the versatility of cutting-edge research tools and software, researchers can unlock new frontiers in the understanding of human social dynamics and cultural evolution.
This comprehensive approach can lead to groundbreaking discoveries and help shape our knowledge of the diverse tapestry of human societies.