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Monks

Monks are members of a religious community who have taken vows of poverty, chastity, and obedience.
They typically live in a monastery or convent, following a common rule of life and engaging in activities such as prayer, study, and manual labor.
Monks have played a significant role in the history of Western civilization, contributing to the preservation and dissemination of knowledge, as well as the development of art, architecture, and various industries.
They have also been influential in the spiritual and cultural life of many societies.
Desptie their cloistered lifestyle, monks have often had a profound impact on the world around them.

Most cited protocols related to «Monks»

Staphylococcal DNA Isolation and Manipulation

The bacterial strains and plasmids used in this study are described in Table 2. Oligonucleotides were purchased from Integrated DNA Technologies and are listed in Table 3. Genomic DNA was isolated using the Qiagen 100/G genomic tip (Qiagen). Weakening of the staphylococcal cell wall required the addition of 100 µg of lysostaphin (Ambi) into the lysis buffer and incubation at 37°C for 30 min. Plasmids and PCR products were isolated using the Wizard plus kits (Promega), with T4 DNA ligase also purchased from Promega. Plasmids were isolated from staphylococci as described previously (3 (link)). Restriction enzymes, T4 DNA polymerase, and Phusion DNA polymerase were purchased from New England Biolabs. Phire Hotstart DNA polymerase was purchased from Thermofisher. Sanger sequencing was supplied by Eurofins. Routine manipulation of S. aureus and E. coli was performed as described by Monk et al. (3 (link)). X-Gal (5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl-β-d-galactopyranoside; Melford) was used at 50 µg/ml in E. coli and 100 µg/ml in S. aureus. Antibiotics were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used at the following concentrations: carbenicillin (Car), 100 µg/ml; chloramphenicol (Cm), 10 µg/ml; and kanamycin (Kan), 50 µg/ml (E. coli) and 100 µg/ml (S. aureus).

Monk I.R., Tree J.J., Howden B.P., Stinear T.P, & Foster T.J. (2015). Complete Bypass of Restriction Systems for Major Staphylococcus aureus Lineages. mBio, 6(3), e00308-15.

Publication 2015

5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl beta-galactoside Antibiotics Bacteria Buffers Carbenicillin Cell Wall Chloramphenicol DNA-Directed DNA Polymerase DNA Restriction Enzymes Escherichia coli Galactose Genome Kanamycin Lysostaphin Monks Oligonucleotides Plasmids Promega Staphylococcus Staphylococcus aureus Strains T4 DNA Ligase

Predicting Drug Sensitivity in Breast Cancer

The NCI-DREAM drug sensitivity prediction challenge is outlined in Figure 1. A total of seven data sets were provided for 53 breast cancer cell lines, as discussed in detail in two recent publications: Heiser et al.^{4 (link)} and Daemen et al.^{23 (link)}. The cell lines were selected to represent the major, clinically relevant subtypes of breast cancer, including luminal, basal, claudin-low, ERBB2-amplified, and nonmalignant. The drugs were selected based on data availability (on average, drugs were tested on 80% of the 53 cell lines) and novelty (drug response data were unpublished, not distributed throughout the community of participants, and not available from other sources (Supplementary Note 4)). Most of the included drugs have not been tested clinically in breast cancer, and therefore have the potential to serve as novel therapeutics.
A total of six genomic, epigenomic and proteomic profiling data sets were collected from untreated cells in growth conditions. Descriptions of each profiling data set can be found in the annotation files associated with each data set supplied through the DREAM website (http://www.the-dream-project.org/). Not all profiling data were collected for every cell line, and drugs were not equally sampled across all of the cell lines.
In addition to the profiling data, drug response for each of the 53 cell lines to 28 drugs was tested. Dose-response curves were generated and the GI₅₀[M] was calculated. To estimate the GI_50, a series of assays were done, as previously described^{48 (link)}. Briefly, cells were treated for 72 h with a set of nine doses of each compound in 1:5 serial dilution. Cell viability was determined using the Cell Titer Glo assay. We used nonlinear least-squares to fit the data with a Gompertz curve. The fitted curve was transformed into a GI curve using the method (http://dtp.nci.nih.gov/branches/btb/ivclsp.html) described in Monks, et al.^{49 (link)}. In cases where the underlying growth data were of high quality, but the GI₅₀ was not reached, the values were set to the highest concentration tested. The drug response data were filtered according to previously described criteria^{4 (link)}. All reported drug response values and calculations for scoring were done using −log₁₀(GI₅₀). The complete set of unfiltered raw drug response data is in Supplementary Table 2.
Participants were supplied with the full set of profiling data for all of the cell lines and drug response data for 35 (of the 53) cell lines for all 28 drugs. The gold-standard evaluation data set consisted of drug response data for the remaining 18 cell lines, which were hidden from the participants. Cell lines were assigned to the training and test data sets to ensure a balanced set of breast cancer subtypes.
Participants were challenged to predict a ranked list of the most sensitive (to be ranked first) to most resistant (to be ranked last) cell lines for each individual drug across all the 18 test cell lines. We note that the drug response values, −log₁₀(GI₅₀), ranked from highest to lowest values, correspond to a ranking of the most-sensitive to the most-resistant cell lines. Assessment of predictions was based on participant’s ranking of the 18 test cell lines. Participants supplied their final submission as a comma-separated text file with the drugs listed as columns and cell lines listed as rows. The cells in the matrix represent ranks of each cell line for a given drug.

Costello J.C., Heiser L.M., Georgii E., Gönen M., Menden M.P., Wang N.J., Bansal M., Ammad-ud-din M., Hintsanen P., Khan S.A., Mpindi J.P., Kallioniemi O., Honkela A., Aittokallio T., Wennerberg K., Collins J.J., Gallahan D., Singer D., Saez-Rodriguez J., Kaski S., Gray J.W, & Stolovitzky G. (2014). A community effort to assess and improve drug sensitivity prediction algorithms. Nature biotechnology, 32(12), 1202-1212.

Publication 2014

Biological Assay Cell Lines Cell Survival Claudins Dreams ERBB2 protein, human Genome Gold Growth Disorders Hypersensitivity Malignant Neoplasm of Breast MCF-7 Cells Monks Pharmaceutical Preparations Phenobarbital Technique, Dilution Therapeutics

Culturally Adapted MCCB Assessment

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Publication 2015

Chinese Cultural Evolution Emotions Monks Priests Urban Population

Personality and Cognitive Decline in Aging

All data are from older individuals who participated in one of two ongoing clinical-pathologic studies initiated in the 1990s. In the Religious Orders Study, Catholic nuns, priests, and monks were recruited from sites across the United States (Wilson, Bienias, Evans, & Bennett, 2004 ; Bennett, Schneider, Arvanitakis, & Wilson, 2012 (link)), and in the Rush Memory and Aging Project, lay persons were recruited from the Chicago metropolitan region (Bennett, Schneider, Buchman, Mendes de Leon, & Wilson, 2005 (link); Bennett et al., 2012 (link)). Eligibility for each study required the absence of a dementia diagnosis prior to enrollment, age at baseline >50, and agreement to annual examinations and brain autopsy at death. Participants signed an informed consent and anatomical gift act. The institutional review board of Rush University Medical Center approved each study.
At the time of these analyses, 2,040 persons had personality data. To minimize error in measuring conscientiousness, we excluded 518 individuals with cognitive impairment at the time of personality assessment (438 with mild cognitive impairment, 80 with dementia). This left 1,522 individuals at baseline. There were 155 persons ineligible for follow-up due to death in the first study year (n=43) or enrollment within the past study year (n=112). Follow-up data were available on 1,347 of the remaining 1,367 individuals (98.5 %), and 961 had completed at least 5 annual cognitive assessments, which we required to adequately capture nonlinear cognitive change. Of 365 who died in this latter group, 351 (96.2 %) underwent a brain autopsy, and a uniform neuropathological examination had been completed on the first consecutive 338 individuals. We excluded 19 persons without complete pathologic data and 10 persons who did not complete a cognitive assessment within 2 years of death. This left 309 individuals eligible for analyses and they had a mean of 10.7 years of annual cognitive testing (SD=4.0). Because the Rush Memory and Aging Project began later than the Religious Orders Study and personality assessment was introduced after study baseline, most individuals (n=302) were from the Religious Orders Study. The participants died at a mean age of 87.6 (SD = 6.8) which was a mean of 0.6 year since the last clinical evaluation (SD = 0.4); they had completed an average of 18.2 years of formal schooling (SD =3.4); 109 (35.3 %) were men.

Wilson R.S., Boyle P.A., Yu L., Segawa E., Sytsma J, & Bennett D.A. (2015). Conscientiousness, Dementia Related Pathology, and Trajectories of Cognitive Aging. Psychology and aging, 30(1), 74-82.

Publication 2015

Autopsy Brain Brain Death Cognition Cognitive Impairments, Mild Dementia Diagnosis Disorders, Cognitive Eligibility Determination Ethics Committees, Research Memory Monks Nuns Personality Assessment Physical Examination Priests Roman Catholics

Mindfulness App vs. Audiobook Comparison

The mindfulness intervention was delivered via the Headspace (www.headspace.com) mindfulness-based smartphone app, and consisted of the app’s first 10 introductory sessions, named “Take 10.” These sessions are intended to act as a general introduction to mindfulness meditation and incorporate techniques such as breath awareness and body scanning. Each session has a duration of approximately 10 min and is guided by former Buddhist monk Andy Puddicombe. The app encourages users to complete one session a day, but this was not enforced. At the time of writing, Headspace has been downloaded more than 20 million times, is the highest scoring mindfulness-based iPhone app as per the Mobile Application Rating System (Mani et al. 2015 (link)), and has previously been shown to increase compassion (Lim et al. 2015 (link)) and well-being (Howells et al. 2014 (link)), and to reduce mind wandering (Bennike et al. 2017 ) and aggression (DeSteno et al. 2017 ).
A failure to utilize rigorous control or comparison conditions has previously been discussed as a major limitation in meditation research (Davidson and Kaszniak 2015 (link)). Here, a novel active control intervention was designed (in collaboration with the Brady Reynolds lab, University of Kentucky), which consisted of 10 excerpts from Andy Puddicombe’s audiobook The Headspace Guide to Meditation and Mindfulness. The sessions are narrated by Andy Puddicombe, are approximately 10 min in duration, and were delivered via the Headspace app, thus closely matching the mindfulness intervention across key attributes. Specifically, the user flow through the app was identical in both the mindfulness and audiobook conditions, differing only with regards to actual session content. The audiobook sessions, being predominantly psychoeducational, introduce the background and key concepts behind mindfulness, and include reflections from Andy Puddicombe’s experience training as a Buddhist monk. The chosen excerpts excluded any content which featured guided mindfulness exercises.
Participants were recruited via an email advertisement which was delivered via a third-party recruitment service (www.findparticipants.com). The email linked participants to a screening and demographics questionnaire (see “Screening Questionnaire”), hosted by SurveyMonkey (www.surveymonkey.com). Within 24 h of completing the screening questionnaire, eligible participants were randomized, using simple randomization via a computer-generated sequence, to the experimental condition (mindfulness meditation via the Headspace app) or the active control condition (audiobook via the Headspace app), and emailed the baseline questionnaires. Alternative randomization procedures (such as blocked or stratified) were not used, as it is common in online studies for participants to withdraw after being randomized (but before beginning baseline assessments), which largely negates the benefits of such procedures. Participants were also provided with a Headspace voucher code, which restricted their access to either the experimental or control content, along with instructions on how to redeem their code and install the app. If a participant completed all 10 sessions of their intervention, they were automatically emailed the end-of-study questionnaires. Otherwise, they were considered to have withdrawn from the study. Participants were given up to 1 month to complete the intervention and did not receive any encouragement or reminder communications from the researchers. Those that completed the intervention were sent a final email thanking them for their participation, which included a £25 (or equivalent) Amazon voucher as compensation for their time. The entire experiment was run online.

Economides M., Martman J., Bell M.J, & Sanderson B. (2018). Improvements in Stress, Affect, and Irritability Following Brief Use of a Mindfulness-based Smartphone App: A Randomized Controlled Trial. Mindfulness, 9(5), 1584-1593.

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Publication 2018

Awareness Human Body Meditation Mindfulness Monks Muscle Rigidity Reflex Training Programs Vaginal Diaphragm

Most recents protocols related to «Monks»

Construction of S. pseudintermedius Null Mutant

The null mutant lacking the putative serotonin N-acetyltransferase-encoding gene in S. pseudintermedius ED99 was constructed using the plasmid pBASE6 (Geiger et al., 2012 (link)). Briefly, pBASE6 was linearized using EcoRV and ~ 1,000 bp upstream and ~ 1,000 bp downstream fragments of the gene of interest were amplified from the genomic DNA of S. pseudintermedius ED99. The fragments were fused by Gibson Assembly (Gibson et al., 2009 (link)) using Hi-Fi DNA Assembly Master Mix (New England Biolabs). The resulting plasmid was first introduced into E. coli DC10B (Monk et al., 2012 (link)) and then into ED99. The deletion mutant construction was performed as previously described (Bae and Schneewind, 2006 (link)). Deletion of the genes were confirmed by PCR and sequence analysis. The mutants were named as described in the Supplementary Table S1. Oligonucleotides used are listed in the Supplementary Table S2.

Hafza N., Li N., Luqman A, & Götz F. (2023). Identification of a serotonin N-acetyltransferase from Staphylococcus pseudintermedius ED99. Frontiers in Microbiology, 14, 1073539.

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Publication 2023

Deletion Mutation Escherichia coli Gene Deletion Genes Genome Monks NAT2 protein, human Oligonucleotides Plasmids Sequence Analysis

Evaluating Cell Growth Inhibition

The influence on cell growth of selected samples was evaluated following the protocol described by Monks et al. [12 (link)] with adaptations [13 (link)]. In 96-well plates, CHO-K1 cells (4 × 10⁴ cell mL⁻¹, 100 µL well⁻¹) were exposed to each sample (0.25, 2.5, 25 and 250 µg mL⁻¹, final concentrations) for 4 and 48 h. In the 4 h exposure experiment, after the first 4 h, the medium was removed, and CHO-K1 cells were kept in fresh complete medium for 20 h. A T0 plate representing the cell density at the time of sample treatment was made (T0_{untreated cells}). At each experimental plate (4 + 20 h and 48 h), untreated cells were kept in the complete medium (T1_{untreated cells}). The cell viability was evaluated by total protein quantification at 540 nm with the sulforhodamine assay. For each sample, the influence of each concentration on cell growth was expressed in percentage, considering (T1_{untreated cells}–T0_{untreated cells}) as 100% cell growth. The sample concentration required by eliciting 50% cell growth inhibition (GI₅₀) was calculated by sigmoidal regression.

Sobreiro M.A., Della Torre A., de Araújo M.E., Canella P.R., de Carvalho J.E., Carvalho P.D, & Ruiz A.L. (2023). Enzymatic Hydrolysis of Rutin: Evaluation of Kinetic Parameters and Anti-Proliferative, Mutagenic and Anti-Mutagenic Effects. Life, 13(2), 549.

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Publication 2023

Acclimatization Biological Assay Cells Cell Survival CHO Cells Monks Proteins Psychological Inhibition Specimen Handling

Anthocyanin and Ethylene Dynamics in Plum Fruit

‘Friar’ (Prunus salicina Lindl.) plum fruit were harvested at commercial maturity (average single fruit weight: 117.00 ± 8.43 g; soluble solids content: 11.01 ± 0.13% and firmness: 70.36 ± 6.90 N) from an orchard located in Yixian county, Hebei Province, China (39°02′–39°35′ N, 114°51′–115°37′ E), and then immediately transported to the laboratory within 2 h on August 11, 2018. The fruit with uniform weight and shape, without visible defects were selected as materials, and the treatments were carried out as follows:
For different temperatures storage: The fruit were randomly divided into three groups (each about 350 fruit), and then were directly stored at 25 ± 1 °C (25 °C), 10 ± 0.5 °C (10 °C), and 0 ± 0.5 °C (0 °C), respectively. The ethylene production rate and anthocyanin content were observed at 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days of storage, and then the flesh samples were quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C until used. Three replicates were performed for each treatment with 10 fruit per replicate.
For ethylene (ETH) and 1-methylcyclopropene (1-MCP) treatments: The plum fruit were randomly divided into three groups (each about 350 fruit). The fruit were carefully put into a sealed plastic box, and then were exposed to 100.0 μL L⁻¹ ethylene and 1.0 μL L⁻¹ 1-MCP at 25 ± 2 °C for 20 h, respectively. The group with air was set as control. After treatment, plum fruit were stored at 10 °C. The ethylene production rate and anthocyanin content were observed at initial (pre-treatment), 0, 7, 14, 21, and 28 days after treatment, and then the flesh samples were quickly frozen in liquid nitrogen and stored at −80 °C until used. Three replicates were performed for each treatment with 10 fruits per replicate.

Li X., Cheng Y., Wang Y., Yang X., Wei C, & Guan J. (2023). Ethylene Signal Is Involved in the Regulation of Anthocyanin Accumulation in Flesh of Postharvest Plums (Prunus salicina Lindl.). Plants, 12(4), 893.

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Publication 2023

1-methylcyclopropene Aftercare Anthocyanins CCL2 protein, human CCL8 protein, human DNA Replication Ethylenes Freezing Fruit Monks Nitrogen Plum Prunus salicina

Purification of CauErg11 and CauMdr1 Proteins

Cells were harvested from 2 L YPD cultures, crude membranes prepared, and CauErg11-6×His, CauErg11 Y132F-6×His, CauErg11 K143R-6×His, or CauMdr1-6×His partially purified by nickel–nitrilotriacetic acid (Ni-NTA) affinity chromatography, essentially as described by Monk et al. [35 (link)]. The crude membranes were extracted in pH 7.5 solubilization buffer (10% (w/v) glycerol, 250 mM NaCl, 20 mM Tris, 0.5 mM PMSF, 1 tablet cOmplete^TM Mini, EDTA-free Protease Inhibitor cocktail (Roche, Basel, Switzerland) per 50 mL plus 16 mM n-decyl-β-D-maltopyranoside (DM Anagrade, Anatrace Products, LLC., Maumee, OH, USA). The detergent-solubilized protein affinity purified by binding to 2 mL of Ni-NTA Agarose matrix (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany) per g of protein in a disposable Econo-Pac^® Chromatography column (Bio-Rad) was washed with 2 mM L-histidine and eluted with 100 mM L-histidine. The eluted protein was concentrated to 500 µL using Amicon^® Ultra–4 Centrifugal Filter Units with a 50 kDa cutoff (Merck Millipore Ltd., Tullagreen, Ireland). Samples (1 µL) were separated by SDS-PAGE to obtain Coomassie-blue-stained protein bands for mass spectrometry of tryptic fragments. Tryptic fragments from the SDS-PAGE separated CauCdr1-6×His-containing band in crude membranes were used for mass spectrometry. For protein identification, the obtained fragments were searched against the Swiss-Prot database, the sequence of interest, and S. cerevisiae database to exclude possible background contamination.

Toepfer S., Lackner M., Keniya M.V, & Monk B.C. (2023). Functional Expression of Recombinant Candida auris Proteins in Saccharomyces cerevisiae Enables Azole Susceptibility Evaluation and Drug Discovery. Journal of Fungi, 9(2), 168.

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Publication 2023

Buffers Cells Chromatography Chromatography, Affinity Coomassie blue Detergents Edetic Acid G-substrate Glycerin GTP-Binding Proteins Mass Spectrometry Monks nickel nitrilotriacetic acid Protease Inhibitors Proteins Proto-Oncogene Mas Saccharomyces cerevisiae SDS-PAGE Sepharose Sodium Chloride Spectrometry Strains Tablet Tissue, Membrane Tromethamine Trypsin

Cats in Bangkok Monasteries: A Parasitological Study

This study is focusing on the semi-domesticated cats residing in monasteries, in Bangkok metropolitan, the capital of Thailand. Stratified randomization was conducted by selecting 43 monasteries and 24 districts in three zones for the sampling areas. Population size was calculated according to the Taro Yamane method [24 ] and 500 samples were collected from this study. Two to three monasteries were randomly selected in each district, and five to ten cats were sampled in each monastery. Animal health was examined by a qualified veterinarians prior to sample collection. The form of consent was informed to the animal’s caretakers before sample and data collection. Fecal samples were collected from the rectum, it was immediately placed in a dry bag and stored at 4 °C before transportation to the Department of parasitology, Faculty of Veterinary Medicine Kasetsart University, Bangkok before DNA extraction. A questionnaire was designed to collect animal information on age, sex, free-roaming, veterinary attention, previously deworming and Bangkok zone by interviewing the monks or animal caretakers during sample collection.

Phoosangwalthong P., Kamyingkird K., Kengradomkij C., Chimnoi W., Odermatt P, & Inpankaew T. (2023). Molecular Detection and Genetic Characterization of Zoonotic Hookworm in Semi-Domesticated Cats Residing in Monasteries in Bangkok, Thailand. Tropical Medicine and Infectious Disease, 8(2), 122.

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Publication 2023

Animals Attention Faculty Feces Felis catus Monks Rectum Specimen Collection Taro Veterinarian

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What are the different types of Monks?

Monks can be categorized into several distinct types, each with their own unique practices and traditions. Some common types include: 1. Benedictine Monks: Following the Rule of St. Benedict, these monks focus on a balanced life of prayer, work, and study within a monastery setting. 2. Franciscan Monks: Inspired by the teachings of St. Francis of Assisi, Franciscan monks take a vow of poverty and engage in contemplation, preaching, and serving the poor. 3. Trappist Monks: Known for their strict adherence to silence and contemplation, Trappist monks live a life of solitude, prayer, and manual labor. 4. Zen Buddhist Monks: Practicing Zen Buddhism, these monks dedicate themselves to meditation, mindfulness, and the cultivation of inner peace.

How have Monks contributed to the development of various industries?

Monks have played a significant role in the development of numerous industries throughout history. Some key contributions include: 1. Agriculture: Monastic communities were often self-sustaining, developing advanced farming techniques and cultivating a wide variety of crops and livestock. 2. Brewing and Viticulture: Many monasteries were known for their expertise in brewing beer and producing wine, which they would often sell to support their communities. 3. Manuscript Copying and Illumination: Monks were instrumental in preserving and disseminating knowledge by meticulously copying and illustrating manuscripts during the Middle Ages. 4. Architecture and Engineering: Monks were skilled builders, contributing to the construction of cathedrals, monasteries, and other structures that have become iconic landmarks.

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More about "Monks"

Religious Ascetics, Monastics, Cloistered Individuals, Cenobites, Religious Recluses, Mendicants, Contemplative Practitioners, Coenobites, Claustral Residents, Monastic Orders, Monastic Brethren, Monastic Devotees, Monastic Dwellers, Monastic Inhabitants, Monastic Members, Monastic Occupants, Monastic Residents, Monastic Sojourners, Monastic Tenants.
Monks have played a pivotal role in the preservation and dissemination of knowledge throughout history, contributing to the development of art, architecture, and various industries.
Their cloistered lifestyle has often had a profound impact on the world around them.
Researchers and scientists can leverage the power of AI-driven comparisons using tools like PubCompare.ai to identify the best research protocols and products, streamlining their workflow and enhancing the accuracy and reproducibility of their studies.
By accessing a vast library of research protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, scientists can navigate the complex world of academic research with ease, unleashing their full scientific potential.
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Whether you're studying the historical impact of monasticism or leveraging the latest scientific advancements, the insights and resources available can help you achieve your research goals with greater efficiency and confidence.