The collaborative care office-based opioid treatment (OBOT) program included a full-time nurse program director, nurse care managers (NCMs), a program coordinator and generalist physicians with part-time clinical practices.
The nurse program director (0.40 full time equivalent (FTE)) supervised the NCMs and program coordinator, and integrated care with OBOT physicians. The program coordinator (1 FTE), a former medical assistant, was trained to collect standardized intake information on individuals requesting OBOT. The NCMs, registered nurses who completed a one day buprenorphine training, performed patient care roles, followed treatment protocols and maintained a standard of clinical practice that satisfied federal regulations for buprenorphine treatment. Their clinical responsibilities included assessing for appropriateness for OBOT, educating patients, obtaining informed consent, developing treatment plans, overseeing medication management, referring to other addiction treatment, monitoring for treatment adherence and communicating with prescribing physicians, addiction counselors, and pharmacists. Collaboration with pharmacists reduced the OBOT physician burden by allowing buprenorphine prescriptions with multiple refills while allowing for cancelation of the refills if the patient was non-adherent. The OBOT program currently includes NCMs (2.2 FTE) for 22 clinical half day sessions per week. The OBOT physicians, all generalists with part-time clinical practices, reviewed and supplemented the NCM assessments including laboratory results, performed physical examinations, prescribed buprenorphine and followed patients at least every 6 months or more frequently if needed. The OBOT program includes 9 generalist physicians, all waivered to prescribed buprenorphine by completing the required 8 hours of buprenorphine training, three are certified by the American Board of Addiction Medicine. The physicians had an average of three primary care half day sessions each week, ranging from one to six.
The treatment model included 3 stages: 1) NCM and physician assessment (appropriateness for OBOT and intake evaluations); 2) NCM supervised induction and stabilization (buprenorphine dose adjustments during days 1–7); and 3) maintenance (buprenorphine treatment with monitoring for illicit drug use and weekly counseling) or discharge (voluntary or involuntary).
The nurse program director (0.40 full time equivalent (FTE)) supervised the NCMs and program coordinator, and integrated care with OBOT physicians. The program coordinator (1 FTE), a former medical assistant, was trained to collect standardized intake information on individuals requesting OBOT. The NCMs, registered nurses who completed a one day buprenorphine training, performed patient care roles, followed treatment protocols and maintained a standard of clinical practice that satisfied federal regulations for buprenorphine treatment. Their clinical responsibilities included assessing for appropriateness for OBOT, educating patients, obtaining informed consent, developing treatment plans, overseeing medication management, referring to other addiction treatment, monitoring for treatment adherence and communicating with prescribing physicians, addiction counselors, and pharmacists. Collaboration with pharmacists reduced the OBOT physician burden by allowing buprenorphine prescriptions with multiple refills while allowing for cancelation of the refills if the patient was non-adherent. The OBOT program currently includes NCMs (2.2 FTE) for 22 clinical half day sessions per week. The OBOT physicians, all generalists with part-time clinical practices, reviewed and supplemented the NCM assessments including laboratory results, performed physical examinations, prescribed buprenorphine and followed patients at least every 6 months or more frequently if needed. The OBOT program includes 9 generalist physicians, all waivered to prescribed buprenorphine by completing the required 8 hours of buprenorphine training, three are certified by the American Board of Addiction Medicine. The physicians had an average of three primary care half day sessions each week, ranging from one to six.
The treatment model included 3 stages: 1) NCM and physician assessment (appropriateness for OBOT and intake evaluations); 2) NCM supervised induction and stabilization (buprenorphine dose adjustments during days 1–7); and 3) maintenance (buprenorphine treatment with monitoring for illicit drug use and weekly counseling) or discharge (voluntary or involuntary).