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Obstetrician

Obstetricians are medical professionals who specialize in the care of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.
They provide comprehensive care, from preconception counseling to postpartum follow-up, ensuring the health and well-being of both the mother and the newborn.
Obstetricians are trained to manage normal pregnancies, as well as high-risk conditions that may arise, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and fetal abnormalities.
They also perform surgical procedures, including cesarean sections and other obstetric interventions, when necessary.
Obstetricians play a crucial role in promoting maternal and infant health, and their expertise is essential for ensuring safe and positive birthing experiences.

Most cited protocols related to «Obstetrician»

We used data from the Consortium on Safe Labor, a multicenter retrospective observational study that abstracted detailed labor and delivery information from electronic medical records in 12 clinical centers (with 19 hospitals) across 9 American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) U.S. districts from 2002 to 2008. 87% of births occurred in 2005 – 2007. Detailed description of the study was provided elsewhere.5 Briefly, participating institutions extracted detailed information on maternal demographic characteristics, medical history, reproductive and prenatal history, labor and delivery summary, postpartum and newborn information. Information from the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) was linked to the newborn records. Data on labor progression (repeated, time-stamped cervical dilation, station and effacement) were extracted from the electronic labor database. To make our study population reflect the overall U.S. obstetric population and to minimize the impact of the various number of births from different institutions, we assigned a weight to each subject based on ACOG district, maternal race/ethnicity (non-Hispanic white, non-Hispanic black, Hispanic and others), parity (nulliparas vs. multiparas) and plurality (singleton vs. multiple gestation). We first calculated the probability of each delivery with these four factors according to the 2004 National Natality data. Then, based on the number of subjects each hospital contributed to the database, we assigned a weight to each subject .5 We applied the weight to the current analysis. This project was approved by the Institutional Review Boards of all participating institutions.
There were a total of 228,668 deliveries in the database. A total of 62,415 parturients were selected. Figure 1 depicts the sample selection process for the current analysis. Women were grouped by parity (0, 1, 2+). We used a repeated-measures analysis with 8th degree polynomial model to construct average labor curves by parity.6 In this analysis, the starting point was set at the first time when the dilation reached 10 cm (time = 0) and the time was calculated backwards (e.g., 60 minutes before the complete dilation, -60 minutes). After the labor curve models had been computed, the x-axis (time) was reverted to a positive value, i.e., instead of being -12 → 0 hours, it became 0 → 12 hours.
To estimate duration of labor, we used an interval-censored regression7 to estimate the distribution of times for progression from one integer centimeter of dilation to the next (called “traverse time”) with an assumption that the labor data are log-normally distributed.8 (link) The median and 95th percentiles were calculated. Because multiparous women tended to be admitted at a more advanced stage labor than nulliparous women, many multiparous women did not have information on cervical dilation prior to 4 cm. Therefore, the labor curve for multiparous women started at 5 cm rather than at 4 cm as for nulliparous women.
Finally, to address the clinical experience wherein a woman is first observed at a given dilation and then measured periodically, we calculated cumulative duration of labor from admission to any given dilation up to the first 10 cm in nulliparas. The same interval censored regression approach was used. We provide the estimates according to the dilation at admission (2.0 or 2.5 cm, 3.0 or 3.5 cm, 4.0 or 4.5 cm, 5.0 or 5.5 cm) because women admitted at different dilation levels may have different patterns of labor progression. We then plotted the 95th percentiles of the duration of labor from admission as a partogram. All statistical analyses were performed using SAS version 9.1 (PROC MIXED for the repeated-measures analysis and PROC LIFEREG for interval censored regression). Since the objective of this paper is to describe labor patterns and estimate duration of labor without comparing among various groups, no statistical tests were performed.
Publication 2010
Dilatations, Cervical Disease Progression Epistropheus Ethics Committees, Research Ethnicity Gynecologist Hispanics Infant, Newborn Mothers Nulliparity Obstetric Delivery Obstetrician Obstetric Labor Pathological Dilatation Reproduction Woman
We recruited women delivering in three secondary and tertiary care maternity hospitals of Berlin/Germany ((1) the Virchow Campus site of the Charité University Hospital, (2) the Vivantes Klinikum am Urban, and (3) the Vivantes Klinikum Neukölln) in a 12-month period 2011/12 (n = 8157). Minors (n = 105, 1.3%), tourists not resident in Germany (n = 24, 0.3%), women terminating a pregnancy, and women with miscarriages and stillbirths (fetal death in utero ascertained at hospital admission and before onset of labor, n = 106, 1.3%) were excluded. It was not possible to contact 363 women despite multiple attempts. Of the remaining 7559 women 381 declined to participate. We conducted face-to-face interviews and linked them with highly standardized obstetric process and outcome data from hospital databases. Linkage of available interview data with obstetric process and outcome data failed in 72 cases. Six women did not consent to the linkage of data sources. In total, 7100 women participated (response rate of 89.6%). This corresponded to 7334 birth data records because of twin and triplet births.
For the analysis presented here, we considered only nulliparous women with vertex pregnancies and singleton birth, 37th week of gestation onwards. Women with elective cesarean delivery were excluded as they are not informative for our study question. We further restricted the sample to women with own migration experience (1st generation immigrants). Migrant women are a heterogeneous group. Health differences in this group might be larger than between migrant and non-migrant women. For this reason we selected women originating from Turkey and Lebanon (the two largest and only immigrant groups that allow separate analysis) and to women without a migration history (non-immigrant women). Also, 63 women without data on cervical dilatation were removed from analyses (see Fig. 1).

Flowchart of case recruitment, Berlin Perinatal study, 2011/12

In the original study, interviews were conducted with each subject at two time points: on admission to the delivery room (T1) and on the second or third day postpartum in the maternity wards (T2). Questionnaires were available in German, Turkish, Kurdish, Arabic, and other languages. Translators were involved in case of language barriers. Nearly all women with migration background (193 of 205) were able to communicate with the obstetrician in German. For this analysis, only T1 data was used. Formally, the analyses reported here are secondary analyses as the original study question related to pregnancy outcomes such as frequeny of cesarean deliveries [20 (link)].
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Publication 2019
Cesarean Section Childbirth Dilatations, Cervical Face Fetal Death Genetic Heterogeneity Immigrants Migrants Miscarriage Nonmigrants Obstetrician Pregnancy Triplets Twins Uterus Woman
The Childbirth Experience Questionnaire (CEQ) was developed to study women's perceptions of first labour and birth. Pertinent domains were identified through literature studies, discussions in a group of four experienced midwives and one senior obstetrician and a group interview one month postpartum with twelve mothers, most of them primiparous. Identified areas of childbirth experience included intrapartum sense of security, experience of labour pain, partner's support, midwifery care and support, memories from the childbirth and experience of own performance. The items regarding memories came from the women's narratives one month postpartum. Items were drafted to cover the identified areas and formulated as positive and negative statements. The response format was a 4-point Likert scale ranging from 1 (Totally agree), 2 (Mostly agree), 3 (Mostly disagree) to 4 (Totally disagree). Memory of labour pain, sense of security and control were assessed with visual analogue scales (VAS). A draft version of the CEQ was pilot tested for face validity (i.e. comprehension and relevance) in 25 primiparous women. Based on the women's comments, the questionnaire was revised and comprised totally 28 items. A one-month follow-up frame was chosen. At that point the mothers were expected to have gone through the first relief phase but still have relatively fresh memories of the childbirth experience. Moreover, the women had little or no contact with childbirth caregivers after one month and were therefore less likely to give socially desirable responses.
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Publication 2010
Childbirth Labor Pain Memory Midwife Mothers Obstetrician Reading Frames Visual Analog Pain Scale Woman
The guideline was developed according to a well-documented methodology that is universal to ESHRE guidelines (Vermeulen, 2014 ).
In short, 18 key questions were formulated by the Guideline Development Group (GDG), with input from patient organizations (Fertility Europe, Miscarriage Association UK), and structured in PICO format (Patient, Intervention, Comparison, Outcome). For each question, databases (PUBMED/MEDLINE and the Cochrane library) were searched from inception to 31 March 2017, with a limitation to studies written in English. From the literature searches, studies were selected based on the PICO questions, assessed for quality and summarized in evidence tables and summary of findings tables (for interventions with at least two studies per outcome). Cumulative live birth rate, live birth rate and pregnancy loss rate (or miscarriage rate) were considered the critical outcomes. GDG meetings were organized where the evidence and draft recommendations were presented by the assigned GDG member, and discussed until consensus was reached within the group.
Each recommendation was labelled as strong or conditional and a grade was assigned based on the strength of the supporting evidence (High ⊕⊕⊕⊕ – Moderate ⊕⊕⊕○ Low ⊕⊕○○ – Very low ⊕○○○). In the absence of evidence, the GDG formulated no recommendation or a good practice points (GPP) based on clinical expertise (Table I).

Interpretation of strong versus conditional recommendations in the GRADE approach.*

Implications forStrong recommendationConditional recommendation
PatientsMost individuals in this situation would want the recommended course of action, and only a small proportion would not.The majority of individuals in this situation would want the suggested course of action, but many would not.
Clinicians

Most individuals should receive the intervention. Adherence to this recommendation according to the guideline could be used as a quality criterion or performance indicator.

Formal decision aids are not likely to be needed to help individuals make decisions consistent with their values and preferences.

Recognize that different choices will be appropriate for individual patients and that you must help each patient arrive at a management decision consistent with his or her values and preferences.

Decision aids may be useful in helping individuals to make decisions consistent with their values and preferences.

Policy makersThe recommendation can be adopted as policy in most situations.Policy making will require substantial debate and involvement of various stakeholders.

*Andrews et al. (2013) (link).

The guideline draft and an invitation to participate in the stakeholder review was published on the ESHRE website. In addition, all relevant stakeholders received a personal invitation to review by e-mail. We received 307 comments from 23 reviewers, representing 15 countries, two national societies (Royal College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists, and Italian Society of Gynecology and Obstetrics Sigo – L’Associazione degli Ostetrici e Ginecologi Ospedalieri Italiani – Associazione Ginecologi Universitari Italiani) and one international research group (ESHRE/European Society for Gynaecological Endoscopy[ESGE] CONgenital UTerine Anomalies Group). All comments were processed by the GDG, either by adapting the content of the guideline and/or by replying to the reviewer. The review process was summarized in the review report which is published on the ESHRE website (www.eshre.eu/guidelines).
This guideline will be considered for update 4 years after publication, with an intermediate assessment of the need for updating 2 years after publication.
Publication 2018
cDNA Library Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal Europeans Fertility Gynecologist Needs Assessment Obstetrician Patients Spontaneous Abortion Uterine Anomalies
START has been granted ethical approval locally from the Research Ethics Board, Hamilton Health Sciences/McMaster Health Sciences (REB#: 10-640) and in India, Institutional Ethics Review Board Reference #: 114/2010). In both countries, pregnant mothers are recruited during their antenatal visits (1st or 2nd trimester) to their primary care practitioner or obstetrician. The study is described by the study personnel to the pregnant mothers and consent for participation is obtained. Information concerning medical and pregnancy history, health status, health behaviors, and socioeconomic status is obtained by questionnaires. Anthropometric measurements (height, weight, skinfold thickness), blood pressure, urine sample, and a fasting blood sample for glucose, insulin, micronutrients (i.e. vitamin B12, RBC folate, plasma homocysteine, methylmalonic acid MMA), lipids and a buffy coat for future DNA extraction will be collected, and processed using a standardized protocol at 24-28 weeks of gestation. Mothers who are not known to have diabetes will undergo a 75 oral glucose tolerance test between 24-28 weeks gestation. The results of an ultrasound performed between 18-24 weeks to assess for congenital anomalies and for precise determination of gestational age will be collected from each pregnant mother. At the time of delivery, details of the delivery, birth outcomes for the mother and baby will be collected, and a cord blood sample for DNA, glucose, insulin, lipids and additional aliquots for future analysis of adiponectin, and leptin will be taken from each baby. The placenta will be weighed, and where possible a biopsy of the placenta will be collected and stored in RNAlater for future analysis of RNA and methylation patterns. In addition, the infant’s anthropometry including birth weight, triceps and sub-scapular skin fold thickness, length, abdominal, head, and arm circumference will be measured by a trained research assistant.
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Publication 2013
Abdomen Adiponectin Biopsy Birth Birth Weight Blood Glucose Blood Pressure Cobalamins Congenital Abnormality Diabetes Mellitus DNA, A-Form Folate Gestational Age Glucose Head Homocysteine Infant Insulin Leptin Lipids Methylation Methylmalonic Acid Micronutrients Mothers Obstetric Delivery Obstetrician Oral Glucose Tolerance Test Placenta Plasma Pregnancy Primary Health Care Scapula Skinfold Thickness Ultrasonography Umbilical Cord Blood Urine

Most recents protocols related to «Obstetrician»

We conducted a retrospective cohort study of all women readmitted to Meir Medical Center, from January 2014 through March 2020, with new delayed-onset of postpartum preeclampsia. Delayed-onset postpartum preeclampsia was defined as a new diagnosis of preeclampsia that occurred 48 h to 6 weeks postpartum. Preeclampsia was defined according to the American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists criteria as blood pressure of 140 mm Hg systolic or 90 mm Hg diastolic or higher on two or more occasions more than 6 h apart, accompanied by proteinuria or end organ dysfunction, or blood pressure 160 mm Hg systolic or 110 mmHg diastolic or higher [9 (link)]. Excluded from the study women with prior diagnosis of preeclampsia, gestational hypertension, or chronic hypertension as well as women with prior chronic diseases.
The control group included randomly recruited healthy parturients with uncomplicated pregnancies, who came, during 2020, to the hospital for a routine screening hearing test for their newborns in the neonatal clinic, during postpartum period, on days 2–11.
.Data were collected by electronic medical record review and included: maternal age, gravity and parity, characteristics of current pregnancy (gestational age at delivery, mode of delivery, neonatal birth weight) and hemoglobin level on the day of labor. The postpartum hospitalization data included postpartum day of readmission and clinical features on presentation including pulse rate (beat per minute, bpm), blood pressure and serum laboratory values of liver function and platelet count. Pulse rate (bpm) and blood pressure of the control group were measured after at least 10 min of rest in a sitting position.
The study was approved by the Meir Medical Center Institutional Review Board on 17th March 2020, number MMC-0048–20. All methods were carried out in accordance with relevant guidelines and regulations. Informed consent was not obtained from subjects due to the study nature.
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Publication 2023
Audiometry Birth Weight Blood Pressure Diagnosis Diastole Disease, Chronic Ethics Committees, Research Gestational Age Gravity Gynecologist Hemoglobin High Blood Pressures Hospitalization Infant, Newborn Liver Obstetric Delivery Obstetrician Obstetric Labor Platelet Counts, Blood Pre-Eclampsia Pregnancy Pulse Rate Serum Systole Transient Hypertension, Pregnancy Woman
A case-control study was conducted at Saad Abuelela Maternity Hospital in Khartoum, Sudan, from June to December 2020. The cases were 60 pregnant women who presented with preeclampsia and have no history of pre-existing hypertension. Preeclampsia was defined as per the American College of Obstetricians and Gynaecologists criteria (ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics, 2020 (link)): pregnant women with onset of new hypertension (an average blood pressure reading of ≥140/90 mmHg taken on two occasions at least six hours apart) with proteinuria (≥ 300 mg/24 h) or features of end organ dysfunction in a previously normotensive woman. Preeclampsia was classified as severe in women with an average blood pressure reading of  ≥ 160/110 mmHg on two occasions or HELLP syndrome, which includes haemolysis, elevated liver enzymes and low platelet count; otherwise, preeclampsia was considered mild (ACOG Committee on Practice Bulletins—Obstetrics, 2020 (link)). The condition was also categorised as early presentation or late-onset preeclampsia, before and after 34  weeks, respectively (Tranquilli et al., 2013 (link)). Sixty healthy pregnant women without any systemic disease, such as hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal disease or thyroid disease, served as a control for each preeclampsia case. Women with multiple pregnancies, diabetic women, smokers and women with fetuses who had major anomalies or died were excluded from both groups in the study.
After signing informed consent, the women were asked about their sociodemographic, obstetrics and clinical data, including age, parity, educational level, residence of antenatal attendance and history of miscarriage and preeclampsia/hypertension. Body mass index (BMI) was computed from the measured weight and height.
Then, 5 mL of blood was collected from each subject at the diagnosis and separated into two equal aliquots for blood and serum analysis. Haemoglobin levels were measured using a modern haematology analyser (Sysmex KX21n, Japan) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The blood was then centrifuged and stored at −20°C until the assay of these elements. Serum ferritin was determined using the ferritin chemiluminescent immunoassay sandwich method [TOSOH instrument (AIA360), Japan]. Serum iron and total iron-binding capacity (TIBC) were measured using a colorimetric assay (Roche Diagnostics, Germany Cobas 311). Serum hepcidin and IL-6 concentrations were measured using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Euroimmun, Lubeck, Germany).
The sample included 60 women in each group (ratio of 1:1) and was calculated using mean difference of 5 in the iron levels between the women who had preeclampsia and the healthy controls as reported before (Duvan et al., 2015 (link)). The sample size was used to achieve 80% power and a precision of 5%. It was assumed that 10% of the women would not respond or would provide incomplete data.
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Publication 2023
Biological Assay BLOOD Blood Pressure Colorimetry Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Enzymes Ferritin Fetus Gynecologist HELLP Syndrome Hemoglobin Hemolysis Hepcidin High Blood Pressures Immunoassay Index, Body Mass Iron Kidney Diseases Liver Obstetrician Platelet Counts, Blood Pre-Eclampsia Pregnancy Pregnant Women Prehypertension Serum Spontaneous Abortion Thyroid Diseases Woman
We obtained prenatal ultrasound data for all women who gave birth at HMC in the specified time frame and had at least one ultrasound at HMC during their pregnancy. Fetal measurements and estimated gestational age (GA) were extracted from a dedicated database. Estimated GA was determined by clinicians based on American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists (ACOG) guidelines (15 ). We included ultrasounds of singleton pregnancies only and excluded ultrasounds without data for GA or number of fetuses. For each pregnancy, we selected the index ultrasound, which was the first ultrasound that occurred between 16 and 0/7 and 21–6/7 weeks gestation with a non-missing value for HC. Ultrasound measurements at earlier and later GAs were recorded sporadically and therefore not included in our analysis. We excluded pregnancies without an index ultrasound from further analysis. We extracted data from the electronic health record (EHR) to determine maternal race and ethnicity.
To determine the sex of the fetuses, we linked infants to mothers using a birth log containing data manually recorded by the Labor and Delivery nurses at each delivery. These data include maternal and infant identifiers and infant sex. Data from the EHR were used to confirm the infant sex found on the birth log. The sex from the EHR was used when these were discordant.
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Publication 2023
Care, Prenatal Childbirth Ethnicity Fetus Gestational Age Gynecologist Infant Mothers Nurses Obstetric Delivery Obstetrician Obstetric Labor Pregnancy Reading Frames Ultrasonics Ultrasonography Woman
Dutch perinatal care is provided interdisciplinary from two healthcare tiers: primary care by community midwives and maternity care organizations; and secondary/tertiary care by hospital employed care professionals. Hospitals, regional community midwife practices and maternity care organizations increasingly cooperate in OCN to provide continuity of care across pregnancy, childbirth and puerperium. In 2019, PROM/PREM implementation was initiated from a regional collaborative between ten OCN in the middle of the Netherlands, of which three OCN participated. In each OCN, the hospital and 2–4 midwifery practices implemented individual-level PROM/PREM in clinic. All other professionals working in the OCN (e.g., from other midwifery practices, maternity care organizations, youth care) could join network-broad QI with group-level outcomes. Each OCN had an interdisciplinary team in charge of implementation (including, at least one obstetrician, clinical midwife, and community midwife from each participating midwifery practice), of which one was appointed project leader. In this study, participants were defined as (1) professionals directly involved in implementation: project team members (key participants) or obstetricians/midwives using individual-level PROM/PREM, and (2) indirectly involved professionals: from other OCN-organizations or discipline, such as nurses. Patients were involved in implementation as they completed PROM/PREM for routine care but did not actively participate in this evaluation study. As patients had participated in our pre-implementation analysis and feasibility pilot [8 (link), 28 (link)], their needs were incorporated in the initial implementation strategy.
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Publication 2023
Continuity of Patient Care Midwife Nurses Obstetric Delivery Obstetrician Patients Perinatal Care Pregnancy Primary Health Care Youth
The control group parents received the standard perinatal care offered by the hospitals they were recruited from, which consisted of antenatal checkups, optional antenatal classes, care during their stay in the ward, and a postnatal review scheduled 6 weeks post partum. Perinatal care was provided to the parents by obstetricians, nurses, neonatologists, and lactation consultants. The intervention group parents received the standard perinatal care as well, but they were also granted access to the mHealth intervention SPA upon recruitment into the study. In addition, they were matched with trained peer volunteers, who were experienced mothers trained by the research team to provide peer support for the parents in the RCT.
SPA included a variety of pregnancy-, childbirth-, postpartum-, and infant care–related information. This included articles, audio files, and videos about birth preparation, bonding and attachment across the perinatal period, breastfeeding, baby care–related tasks (from bathing to safe sleep habits), and involvement of both fathers and mothers in baby care tasks. The information was curated by the health care professionals involved in the study so that parents could conveniently access reliable and accurate information. Expert advice, discussion forums, and frequently asked questions were also features of the mobile app that aimed to resolve any pregnancy- or childcare-related queries that the parents might have. The parents were encouraged to interact with the peer volunteer with whom they were matched if they needed emotional or informational support from experienced mothers who had previously had and recovered from postnatal depression. Detailed features of the SPA mobile app and peer volunteer intervention can be found in the published development study [26 (link)]. The SPA intervention was made available to the intervention group parents from the point of recruitment until 6 months post partum.
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Publication 2023
Childbirth Depression, Postpartum Emotions Fathers Health Care Professionals Mobile Health Mothers Neonatologists Nurses Obstetric Delivery Obstetrician Parent Perinatal Care Pregnancy Voluntary Workers

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More about "Obstetrician"

Obstetricians, also known as OB/GYNs or maternal-fetal medicine specialists, are highly trained medical professionals who focus on the care of women during pregnancy, childbirth, and the postpartum period.
They provide comprehensive, holistic care, from preconception counseling to postnatal follow-up, ensuring the health and well-being of both the mother and the newborn.
Obstetricians are skilled in managing normal pregnancies, as well as high-risk conditions that may arise, such as gestational diabetes, preeclampsia, and fetal abnormalities.
They utilize cutting-edge technologies like Voluson E8 and Voluson 730 ultrasound systems to monitor fetal development and identify potential issues.
Additionally, obstetricians are trained to perform essential surgical procedures, including cesarean sections and other obstetric interventions, when necessary.
Obstetricians play a crucial role in promoting maternal and infant health, and their expertise is essential for ensuring safe and positive birthing experiences.
They work closely with other healthcare professionals, such as midwives, nurses, and pediatricians, to provide comprehensive care throughout the pregnancy and postpartum journey.
In addition to their clinical responsibilities, obstetricians may also engage in research and data analysis using statistical software like SPSS v20, Stata 14, SPSS Statistics, and SAS version 9.4.
This allows them to stay at the forefront of the field, contributing to the advancement of obstetric care and improving patient outcomes.
Whether you're a healthcare professional, a researcher, or an expectant parent, understanding the role and responsibilities of obstetricians is crucial for ensuring the best possible care and outcomes for mothers and babies.
With their specialized knowledge and dedication, obstetricians play a vital role in promoting maternal and infant health, and their contributions are truly invaluable.