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Pathologists

Pathologists are medical professionals who specialize in the diagnosis and study of diseases through the examination of bodily fluids and tissues.
They play a crucial role in the healthcare system, providing essential information to clinicians for patient management and treatment.
Pathologists utilize a wide range of laboratory techniques, including microscopic analysis, chemical testing, and molecular diagnostics, to identify the presence, nature, and severity of various medical conditions.
Their expertise is instrumental in the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of a diverse range of diseases, from cancer and infectious disorders to genetic and metabolic abnomalities.
Pathologists' work is essential for advancing medical research, improving patient outcomes, and enhancing the overall quality of healthcare.

Most cited protocols related to «Pathologists»

Comprehensive Molecular Profiling of Prostate Cancer

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Publication 2015

Blindness Cells DNA Chips Ethics Committees, Research Exome Freezing Malignant Neoplasms Methylation MicroRNAs Microtubule-Associated Proteins Neoplasm Metastasis Neoplasms Pathologists Patients Prostate Prostate Cancer Prostatic Intraepithelial Neoplasias Protein Arrays Proteins RNA Degradation Seminal Vesicles System, Genitourinary Tissues

Automated Tumor Epithelium and Stroma Quantification

Representative tumor regions were annotated across all 312 H&E-stained slides by an experienced pathologist (MBL) using QuPath’s manual annotation tools. A script was then applied in batch to automatically identify and set the average background intensity for the red, green and blue channels of each image, which varied markedly according to the scanner used. A second script was then run over all images to apply QuPath’s SLIC superpixel segmentation command to subdivide each annotated region into ‘superpixels’ based upon simple linear iterative clustering^{33 (link)}. This script additionally calculated both the average hue for each superpixel along with Haralick texture features³⁴ from optical density values using QuPath’s Add intensity features command. QuPath’s Add smoothed features command was also applied to calculate a Gaussian-weighted sum of the features of neighboring superpixels, and append these to the existing features for each superpixel. This provide additional contextual information extending beyond the superpixel itself.
A subset of 40 ‘training’ images was then identified for the pathologist to interactively train a random trees classifier to distinguish between tissue areas comprising tumor epithelium, stroma and ‘other’ (e.g. whitespace, mucin, normal muscle or necrosis). This required drawing around regions containing tissue of each class and annotating these accordingly. During this process, QuPath used all available features to train the classifier in a background process and thereby provide immediate feedback on classification performance. Once the classification was considered adequate across the training images, the classifier was applied to all images within the set and the total area of superpixels for each class was exported. The tumor stromal percentage (TSP) was then calculated as

TSP = AS / (AE + AS) \times 100 %

where AS represents the total area classified as stroma, and AE represents the total area classified as epithelium.

Bankhead P., Loughrey M.B., Fernández J.A., Dombrowski Y., McArt D.G., Dunne P.D., McQuaid S., Gray R.T., Murray L.J., Coleman H.G., James J.A., Salto-Tellez M, & Hamilton P.W. (2017). QuPath: Open source software for digital pathology image analysis. Scientific Reports, 7, 16878.

Publication 2017

Epithelium Mucins Muscle Tissue Necrosis Neoplasms Pathologists Tissues Trees Vision

Systematic Review of HER2 Testing

Articles were selected for inclusion in the systematic review of the evidence if they met the following criteria: (1) the study compared, prospectively or retrospectively, fluorescent ISH (FISH) and immunohistochemistry (IHC) results or other tests; described technical comparisons across various assay platforms; examined potential testing algorithms for HER2 testing; or examined the correlation of HER2 status in primary versus metastatic tumors from the same patients; (2) the study population consisted of patients with a diagnosis of invasive breast cancer; or (3) the primary outcomes included the negative predictive value (NPV) or positive predictive value (PPV) of ISH and IHC assays used to determine HER2 status, alone and in combination; negative and positive concordance across platforms; and accuracy in determining HER2 status and benefit from anti-HER2 therapy and in determining sensitivity and specificity of individual tests. Consideration was given to studies that directly compared results across assay platforms.
Studies were not limited to randomized controlled trials but also included other study types, including cohort designs, case series, evaluation studies, and comparative studies. The Update Committee also reviewed other testing guidelines and proficiency strategies of various US and international organizations, including unpublished data. Letters, commentaries, and editorials were reviewed for any new information. Case reports were excluded. The clinical questions addressed in the update are available in Data Supplement 5.
This information was used to help the Update Committee develop new algorithms (for pathologists and oncologists) for testing, specify testing requirements and exclusions, and facilitate the necessary quality assurance monitoring that will make HER2 testing less variable and ensure more analytic consistency between laboratories. The term ratio, as used in the guideline recommendations and algorithms, always applies to the HER2/CEP17 ratio, which means the ratio of HER2 signals per cell (numerator) over CEP17 signals per cell (denominator).

Wolff A.C., Hammond M.E., Hicks D.G., Dowsett M., McShane L.M., Allison K.H., Allred D.C., Bartlett J.M., Bilous M., Fitzgibbons P., Hanna W., Jenkins R.B., Mangu P.B., Paik S., Perez E.A., Press M.F., Spears P.A., Vance G.H., Viale G, & Hayes D.F. (2013). Recommendations for Human Epidermal Growth Factor Receptor 2 Testing in Breast Cancer: American Society of Clinical Oncology/College of American Pathologists Clinical Practice Guideline Update. Archives of pathology & laboratory medicine, 138(2), 241-256.

Publication 2013

Biological Assay Breast Carcinoma Dietary Supplements ERBB2 protein, human Immunohistochemistry Neoplasm Metastasis Oncologists Pathologists Patients Signal Transduction Therapeutics

Validation of Lung Cancer Classification

Separate projects were initiated by individuals involved with this classification effort in an attempt to develop data to test the proposed system. These included projects on small biopsies,^{39 (link),40 (link)} histologic grading,^{41 (link)–43 (link)} stage I adenocarcinomas,⁴⁴ small adenocarcinomas from Japan, international multiple pathologist project on reproducibility of recognizing major histologic patterns of lung adenocarcinoma,⁴⁵ molecular-histologic correlations, and radiologic-pathologic correlation focused on adenocarcinoma in situ (AIS), and minimally invasive adenocarcinoma (MIA).
The new proposals in this classification are based on the best available evidence at the time of writing this document. Nevertheless, because of the lack of universal diagnostic criteria in the literature, there is a need for future validation studies based on these standardized pathologic criteria with clinical, molecular, radiologic, and surgical correlations.

Travis W.D., Brambilla E., Noguchi M., Nicholson A.G., Geisinger K.R., Yatabe Y., Beer D.G., Powell C.A., Riely G.J., Van Schil P.E., Garg K., Austin J.H., Asamura H., Rusch V.W., Hirsch F.R., Scagliotti G., Mitsudomi T., Huber R.M., Ishikawa Y., Jett J., Sanchez-Cespedes M., Sculier J.P., Takahashi T., Tsuboi M., Vansteenkiste J., Wistuba I., Yang P.C., Aberle D., Brambilla C., Flieder D., Franklin W., Gazdar A., Gould M., Hasleton P., Henderson D., Johnson B., Johnson D., Kerr K., Kuriyama K., Lee J.S., Miller V.A., Petersen I., Roggli V., Rosell R., Saijo N., Thunnissen E., Tsao M, & Yankelewitz D. (2011). International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer/American Thoracic Society/European Respiratory Society International Multidisciplinary Classification of Lung Adenocarcinoma. Journal of thoracic oncology : official publication of the International Association for the Study of Lung Cancer, 6(2), 244-285.

Publication 2011

Adenocarcinoma Adenocarcinoma in Situ Adenocarcinoma of Lung Biopsy Diagnosis Operative Surgical Procedures Pathologists

Hepatocellular Carcinoma Tissue Profiling

Cohort-1 hepatic tissues were obtained from the Liver Cancer Institute (LCI) with informed consent from patients who underwent radical resection between 2002 and 2003 at the Liver Cancer Institute and Zhongshan Hospital (Fudan University, Shanghai, China). The study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of the participating institutes. A total of 247 HCC patients were recruited. Cases were mainly from patients with a history of hepatitis B virus (HBV) infection or HBV-related liver cirrhosis; all were diagnosed with HCC by two independent pathologists, with detailed information on clinical presentation and pathological characteristics. For 242 patients, disease-free survival and overall survival as well as the cause of death were available.
The gene expression data of cohort-2 has been published earlier (20 (link), 21 (link)). Briefly, gene expression profiling of cohort-2 was performed by the Laboratory of Experimental Carcinogenesis (LEC) and analyzed using NCI’s Human Array-Ready Oligo Set microarray platform (GPL1528). The microarray data is publicly available at the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO; http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo) with accession numbers GSE1898 and GSE4024.

Roessler S., Jia H.L., Budhu A., Forgues M., Ye Q.H., Lee J.S., Thorgeirsson S.S., Sun Z., Tang Z.Y., Qin L.X, & Wang X.W. (2010). A Unique Metastasis Gene Signature Enables Prediction of Tumor Relapse in Early Stage Hepatocellular Carcinoma Patients. Cancer research, 70(24), 10202-10212.

Publication 2010

B virus, Hepatitis Cancer of Liver Carcinogenesis Ethics Committees, Research Gene Expression Homo sapiens Liver Cirrhosis Microarray Analysis Oligonucleotides Pathologists Patients Tissues

Most recents protocols related to «Pathologists»

Quantifying Goblet Cell Morphology

The colonic segments were fixed in Methanol-Carnoy solution (methanol: chloroform: glacial acetic acid = 6:3:1), paraffin embedded and cut into serial 4 μm sections. Then, goblet cell staining was performed via Alcian blue/periodic acid-Schiff staining according to the instructions. The pathologist, without knowledge of any experimental procedures, counted the number of goblet cells.

Yang J., Wang L., Mei M., Guo J., Yang X, & Liu S. (2023). Electroacupuncture repairs intestinal barrier by upregulating CB1 through gut microbiota in DSS-induced acute colitis. Chinese Medicine, 18, 24.

Publication 2023

Acetic Acid Alcian Blue Chloroform Colon Goblet Cells methacarn Methanol Paraffin Pathologists Periodic Acid

Histological Examination of Distal Colon

The distal colon specimens were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 h and embedded in paraffin. Then, paraffin-embedded colonic tissues were sectioned (4 μm in thickness), stained with hematoxylin and eosin, and analyzed by a pathologist without information on the experimental procedures based on the scoring criteria as described previously [19 (link)].

Publication 2023

Colon Eosin Paraffin Paraffin Embedding paraform Pathologists Tissues

Cervical Cancer Tissue Sampling Protocol

Seven tissue samples from of SCC and seven samples of healthy cervical tissue were used for microarray testing. Additionally, cervical tissue samples from 11 cases of chronic cervicitis, 16 cases of low-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (LSIL), 20 cases of high-grade squamous intraepithelial lesion (HSIL), and 21 cases of cervical cancer were used to detect hsa_circ_0000276 expression. All samples were single HPV16-positive. From January 2019 to January 2022, samples were obtained from patients who underwent colposcopy at the Second Hospital of the Shanxi Medical University. The tissue specimens were independently diagnosed by two experienced clinical pathologists.
The inclusion criteria were as follows: (i) married women aged ≤ 65 years; (ii) residents of Taiyuan for > 1 year; and (iii) written informed consent provided. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (i) pregnant women; (ii) a history of hysterectomy; (iii) a history of treatment of cervical and vaginal diseases; and (iv) presence of other malignant tumors. Written informed consent was obtained from all study participants or their legal guardians. The Ethics Review Committee of the Second Hospital of the Shanxi Medical University approved this study [approval number (2019) YX No. (280)].
The operational protocol for cervical tissue collection was as follows. The doctor who performed the examination had > 2 years of experience. The lesion site was assessed, and if cervical cancer was considered, tissue was collected from: (1) the cancer site (two pieces of tissue [each approximately 5 mm in size] were clamped) and (2) the matching normal tissues (two pieces of tissues [each approximately 5 mm in size] were clamped at approximately 3–5 cm from the cancer site). After clamping, the tissues were placed in 10% neutral formalin for 6–12 h for fixation and processed within 24 h for routine pathological examination. The tissues were then collected in pre-cooled tubes and quickly snap frozen in liquid nitrogen.

Zhang H., Wang X., Li Y., Bai Y., Li Q., Wang S., Wei Y., Li J., Wen S, & Zhao W. (2023). The hsa_circ_0000276-ceRNA regulatory network and immune infiltration in cervical cancer. BMC Cancer, 23, 222.

Publication 2023

Cervical Cancer Colposcopy Formalin Freezing High-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Human papillomavirus 16 Hysterectomy Legal Guardians Low-Grade Squamous Intraepithelial Lesions Malignant Neoplasms Microarray Analysis Neck Nitrogen Pathologists Patients Physicians Pregnant Women Tissues Uterine Cervicitis Vaginal Diseases Woman

Retrospective Analysis of Colorectal Cancer in Saxony, Germany

For the present retrospective analyses, we used data from the four clinical cancer registries in Saxony, Germany. This study does not include data of a clinical trial. In Germany, all inpatient and outpatient physicians as well as pathologists are obliged to report information on diagnosis, histological results, treatment and outcomes to the clinical cancer registries. Patients need to be informed about this process. Consent is not required but, patients have a right of objection, which is hardly used (fewer than five cases/year in Saxony). After documentation and validation of the data, analyses are conducted with an anonymized data set that does not allow identification of individual patients. Completeness of the registries has been estimated to be 98% across all tumors since 2007 [14 ].
All cases with ICD-10 diagnoses C18 (excluding C18.1), C19 and C20, histologically verified adenocarcinoma and tumor-specific surgery in Saxony in the years 2010 to 2020 were included (n = 25,812). Patients had to be at least 18 years old and have their main residence in Saxony at the time of diagnosis (n = 24,306). We excluded 221 cases with missing information on UICC tumor stage. Thus, the final analytical sample comprised 24,085 cases (Fig. 1).
Fig. 1

Flowchart of data collection, inclusion criteria and patient selection

Abbreviations: UICC, Union for International Cancer Control.

Bogner A., Weitz J, & Piontek D. (2023). The influence of socioeconomic aspects and hospital case volume on survival in colorectal cancer in Saxony, Germany. BMC Cancer, 23, 228.

Publication 2023

Adenocarcinoma Diagnosis Inpatient Malignant Neoplasms Neoplasms Operative Surgical Procedures Outpatients Pathologists Patients Physicians

Immunohistochemical Analysis of PI3K-Akt Pathway

We selected three key proteins of the PI3K-Akt signaling pathway, including ErbB2, PIK3R1, and AKT3, to verify the pathway predictions. After dewaxing, the sections were subjected to antigen retrieval at high temperature and pressure for 3 min, washed with water, incubated with 3% hydrogen peroxide at room temperature for 10 min, washed again three times, and then placed in phosphate-buffered saline solution. We blocked the sections with 5% fetal bovine serum for 30 min, then added the first antibody for overnight incubation at 4 °C. The next day, the sections were washed three times, then incubated with a secondary antibody at room temperature for 30 min and washed three times. We then incubated the sections for 1–3 min with diaminobenzidine chromogenic solution, lightly stained the nuclei with hematoxylin, and differentiated the sections with 0.5% hydrochloric acid ethanol for 2 s. After three washes, the sections were dehydrated with graded alcohol, made transparent, and sealed with neutral gum. The antibodies used in the study were raised against CgA (dilution 1:1000, GT211407; Gene Tech, CHINA), SYP (dilution 1:1000, GT206507; Gene Tech), ErbB2 (dilution 1:1000, GT224507; Gene Tech), PIK3R1 (dilution 1:1000, ER64588; HUABIO), and AKT3 (dilution 1:1000, ER62638; HUABIO).
Based on the 2010 World Health Organization classification system, we examined two neuroendocrine biomarkers, CgA and SYP. Specimens in which CgA and/or SYP were present in 2–30% of immunoreactive cells were classified as NED [1 (link)]. All immunohistochemical sections were evaluated by two senior pathologists.

Chen Y., Liang Y., Cao L., Dong X, & Sun D. (2023). Neuroendocrine differentiation: a risk fellow in colorectal cancer. World Journal of Surgical Oncology, 21, 89.

Publication 2023

AKT3 protein, human Antibodies Antigens azo rubin S Biological Markers Cell Nucleus Cells ERBB2 protein, human Ethanol Fetal Bovine Serum Fever Genes Hematoxylin Hydrochloric acid Immunoglobulins Neurosecretory Systems Pathologists Peroxide, Hydrogen Phosphates Phosphatidylinositol 3-Kinases Pressure Proteins Saline Solution Signal Transduction Technique, Dilution

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What are the main responsibilities of Pathologists?

Pathologists are medical professionals who play a crucial role in the healthcare system. They specialize in the diagnosis and study of diseases through the examination of bodily fluids and tissues. Pathologists utilize a wide range of laboratory techniques, such as microscopic analysis, chemical testing, and molecular diagnostics, to identify the presence, nature, and severity of various medical conditions. Their expertise is instrumental in the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of a diverse range of diseases, from cancer and infectious disorders to genetic and metabolic abnormalities. Pathologists' work is essential for advancing medical research, improving patient outcomes, and enhancing the overall quality of healthcare.

What are the different types or variations of Pathologists?

Pathologists can specialize in various areas of medicine, including anatomic pathology, clinical pathology, forensic pathology, and pediatric pathology, among others. Anatomic pathologists focus on the examination of tissues and organs, while clinical pathologists analyze bodily fluids and laboratory test results. Forensic pathologists investigate the causes and manner of death, and pediatric pathologists specialize in the diagnosis of diseases in children. These different specializations allow pathologists to provide highly specialized expertise and insights for various medical conditions and patient populations.

How can PubCompare.ai assist Pathologists in their work?

PubCompare.ai allows pathologists to screen protocol literature more effeciently and leverage AI to pinpoint critical insights. The platform's AI-driven analysis can highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling pathologists to choose the best options for their research and diagnostic work, ensuring reproducibility and accuracy. By using PubCompare.ai, pathologists can identify the most effective protocols related to their specific research goals, ultimately enhancing their ability to provide accurate diagnoses and contribute to advancements in medical research.

What are some common challenges faced by Pathologists in their work?

Pathologists often face the challenge of accurately interpreting complex medical data and laboratory findings, especially when dealing with rare or uncommon diseases. They must also stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in medical technology and research to provide the most accurate diagnoses and recommendations. Additionally, pathologists may encounter difficulties in communicating their findings effectively to clinicians, as the technical nature of their work can be difficult to translate into practical treatment plans. Effective collaboration and communication skills are crucial for pathologists to ensure seamleess patient care and contribute to the overall quality of healthcare.

How can PubCompare.ai help Pathologists overcome these challenges?

PubCompare.ai can assist pathologists in overcoming several key challenges. By allowing them to screen protocol literature more efficiently and leveraging AI to pinpoint critical insights, the platform helps pathologists stay up-to-date with the latest advancements in their field. The AI-driven analysis provided by PubCompare.ai can also highlight key differences in protocol effectiveness, enabling pathologists to choose the best options for their research and diagnostic work, improving reproducibility and accuracy. This, in turn, can enhance pathologists' ability to provide accurate diagnoses and contribute to advancements in medical research, ultimately improving patient outcomes and the overall quality of healthcare.

More about "Pathologists"

Pathologists are medical professionals who specialize in the diagnosis and study of diseases through the examination of bodily fluids and tissues.
They are also known as medical laboratory scientists, clinical pathologists, or anatomical pathologists.
These experts play a crucial role in the healthcare system, providing essential information to clinicians for patient management and treatment.
Pathologists utilize a wide range of laboratory techniques, including microscopic analysis, chemical testing, and molecular diagnostics, to identify the presence, nature, and severity of various medical conditions.
Their expertise is instrumental in the accurate diagnosis and monitoring of a diverse range of diseases, from cancer and infectious disorders to genetic and metabolic abnormalities.
The work of pathologists is essential for advancing medical research, improving patient outcomes, and enhancing the overall quality of healthcare.
They may use specialized equipment and kits, such as the BenchMark XT, QIAamp DNA FFPE Tissue Kit, BX51 microscope, FBS, Image-Pro Plus 6.0, Benchmark Ultra, QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, BX41 microscope, RNeasy FFPE Kit, and RNAlater, to support their diagnostic and research activities.
Pathologists play a vital role in the healthcare system, contributing their expertise and utilizing advanced techniques to provide accurate and timely diagnoses, which are crucial for effective patient treatment and management.
Their work is instrumental in advancing medical knowledge and improving patient outcomes.