Personnel, Hospital

The present study included 121 healthy volunteers aged 27.22 ± 10.61 years old, and 22 depressed patients aged 29.48 ± 9.28 years old.
This mixed population was chosen because of the nature of the instrument. The STAI principally measures anxiety as a feature of the general population, so the main study sample to test the properties of the instrument should be 'healthy normal subjects'. However it is also important to test the properties of the instrument in a population that manifests higher than normal levels of anxiety. Depressed patients were chosen on the basis that this patients population was easier for the researchers to recruit taking into consideration practical issues.
Patients were physically healthy with normal clinical and laboratory findings (Electroencephalogram, blood and biochemical testing, thyroid function, test for pregnancy, B12 and folic acid). They came from the inpatient and outpatient unit of the 3^rd Department of Psychiatry, Aristotle University of Thessaloniki, General Hospital AHEPA, Thessaloniki, Greece. They were consecutive cases and were chosen because they fulfilled the above criteria.
The normal controls group was composed by members of the hospital staff, students and other volunteers. A clinical interview confirmed that they did not suffer from any mental disorder and their prior history was free from mental and thyroid disorder. They were free of any medication for at least two weeks and were physically healthy.
All patients and controls provided written informed consent before participating in the study.
Translation and back translation were made by two of the authors; one of whom did the translation and the other who did not know the original English text did the back translation. The final translation was fixed by consensus of all authors.
The Greek translation along with the translated manual of the test will be available from the same publisher of the English version of the test and manual.
Clinical diagnosis was reached with the Schedules for Clinical Assessment in Neuropsychiatry (SCAN) version 2.0 [9 (link),10 ] and the International Personality Disorders Examination (IPDE) [11 (link)-14 (link)]. Both were applied by one of the authors (KNF) who has official training in a World Health Organization Training and Reference Center. The IPDE did not contribute to the clinical diagnosis of anxiety and/or depression, but was used in the frame of a global and comprehensive assessment of the patients. The second examiner performed an unstructured interview. The Symptoms Rating Scale for Depression and Anxiety (SRSDA) which provides an Anxiety index and a Beck Depression Inventory-21 score and the Eysenk Personality Questionnaire (EPQ) were applied for cross-validation purposes.
In 20 of the patients the instrument was re-applied 1–2 days later

The AHRQ Hospital SOPS was developed by researchers at Westat under an AHRQ contract [22 ]. To develop the survey, a literature review was conducted in the areas of safety management and accidents; organizational and safety climate and culture; medical error and error reporting; and patient safety. Existing safety climate and culture instruments were also examined. Then, key dimensions of patient safety culture were identified and survey items were developed. The draft survey was cognitively tested and reviewed by researchers and hospital administrators for further input. The survey was pilot tested in 2003 in 21 hospitals across six states in the U.S. The pilot data from 1,437 respondents was analyzed examining item response variability, reliability, and the exploratory and confirmatory individual-level factor structure of the safety culture dimensions [22 ]. Based on the pilot study's psychometric results, items were dropped, resulting in sets of items comprising independent and reliable safety culture dimensions (reliabilities ranged from .63 to .84). The survey was finalized and made available by AHRQ in November 2004.
In 2006, AHRQ funded the development of a comparative database to serve as a central repository for data from U.S. hospitals that had administered the Hospital SOPS. A call for data submission was made public and 382 hospitals voluntarily submitted data on the survey representing a total of over 100,000 hospital staff respondents. A Comparative Database Report [23 ] was released in 2007 presenting the database results on the survey's items and composites. Because the survey development pilot test was done on a very limited number of hospitals, in the present study we used data from the larger 2007 database of hospitals to examine the psychometric properties of the survey. Hospitals submitting data to the Comparative Database sign a data use agreement that allows their de-identified data to be made available for health care research purposes so no additional permissions from the hospitals were required for this analysis.

ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 cohort: Subjects (age 25–46) visiting ESIC Medical College & Hospital, Faridabad for vaccination were enrolled in the study after obtaining written informed consent. About 4 ml of whole blood was collected for serum preparation four weeks after the first and second dose of vaccination and a follow-up sample was collected after six months. Nasopharyngeal/Oropharyngeal (NP/OP) swabs were collected from patients with symptoms of COVID-19 infection. Total RNA was isolated to detect SARS-CoV-2 using COVIDsure multiplex real-time RT-PCR kit (Trivitron Healthcare) either at Employees State Insurance Corporation (ESIC) Medical College & Hospital or at the bioassay laboratory Translational Health Science and Technology Institute, Faridabad. Clinical presentations were mild to moderate fever, dry cough, and loss of sense of smell and taste. All COVID-19 positive patients were self-isolated and recovered without any need for clinical intervention or hospitalization. A follow-up blood sample was collected after 3–4 weeks post-recovery in both second (May 2021) and third wave (Feb 2022).

Nursing Home Gran Residencia, is a public nursing home located in Madrid, Spain. Medication of residents is centrally controlled at Hospital Clínico San Carlos, in Madrid. Starting January 2021, Gran Residencia offered the BNT162b2 mRNA-based vaccine to all its residents. All of them were invited to participate in the study, finally including all those who accepted and signed the informed consent. Initially, a total of 196 NHR with or without documented pre-existing SARSCoV-2 infection were enrolled. Previous infection status was based on a positive PCR test or presence of anti-N IgG antibodies in the past or at pre-vaccination testing. The evolution of anti-RBD titer was monitoring over six months in 166 individuals out of the initially recruited. Twenty-four of these also provided paired samples for assessment of SARS-CoV-2 T-cell response. In order to investigate the influence of age and environment on IgG levels, humoral response of the residents was compared with that obtained with two different volunteer groups: nursing home staff (n = 44) and members of the association of retired health workers of the Hospital Clínico San Carlos over 65 years of age who live outside of Gran Residencia (n = 36). The two control groups were recruited similarly to residents. All of them were invited to participate in the study and all those who accepted were included. Enrolled participants completed a questionnaire, indicating age, gender, underlying conditions and usual medication (if any). A phone number was also added for future contacts. The age of all the staff was less than 65 years. The booster effect was determined only in 115 of the initially recruited individuals. The residents dropped out of the study for several reasons (own decision or that of their relatives, deterioration of their health, exitus).