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Police Officer

Police Officers are sworn law enforcement professionals responsible for maintaining public safety, upholding the law, and serving their communities.
They patrol assigned areas, respond to emergency calls, investigate crimes, and apprehend suspected offenders.
Police Officers undergo rigorous training in areas such as criminal law, investigative techniques, firearms usage, and conflict de-escalation.
Their duties may also include traffic enforcement, community outreach, and assisting with disaster response.
Police Officers play a vital role in promoting a safe and secure society, and their work requires strong decision-making skills, physical fitness, and a commitment to public service.
Typo: 'Proffesionals'

Most cited protocols related to «Police Officer»

The production of ECTV stocks for infection of mice and the determination of titers in stocks and organs were done as described previously [8 (link)]. To generate ECTV 189898-p7.5-EGFP, we adapted the method described by Johnston and McFadden [60 (link)]. Briefly, a construct containing the ECTV Moscow fragment 189543–189897, the VACV early/late promoter p7.5, the sequence of EGFP, and the ECTV Moscow fragment 189950–190297, in that order, was made by recombinant PCR and cloned into plasmid Bluescript II SK+ to generate the targeting vector pBS-EVM189898-p7.5-EGFP. This targeting vector was used to transfect mouse A9 cells using Lipofectamine 2000 as per manufacturer's instructions (Invitrogen). The transfected cells were infected with wild-type ECTV (Moscow strain, 0.3 pfu/cell) in 6-well plates. 2 d later, transfected/infected A9 cells were harvested using a rubber policeman, frozen and thawed, and different dilutions of cell lysates were used to infect BSC-1 cells in 6-well plates. 2 h after infection, the cells were overlaid with media containing 0.5% agarose. 4 d later, green-fluorescent plaques were picked with a pipette tip and used to infect a new set of cells. The purification procedure was iterated five times until all plaques were fluorescent. The resulting virus, ECTV 189898-p7.5-EGFP, carries EGFP in a non-coding region and is as pathogenic as wild-type ECTV Moscow (not shown). For preparation of ECTV stock for infection of different cell lines, A9 cells were infected with 0.2 pfu ECTV/cell, and incubated at 37 °C, 5% CO2. After 5 d, the cells were collected, frozen and thawed three times, and then sonicated in a water-bath sonicator. The solid material was pelleted by centrifugation, and the supernatant was stored in aliquots at −80 °C. The DAP10-deficient mice [61 (link),62 (link)] (generously provided by Dr. Joe Phillips) and DAP12-deficient mice [63 (link)] on the C57BL/6 background were bred at UCSF. All the other mice were bred at the Fox Chase Cancer Center Laboratory Animal Facility in specific pathogen-free rooms or were purchased from Jackson Laboratories. IFN-γ-deficient C57BL/6 mice were generously provided by Dr. Glenn Rall. For infections, sex-matched animals 8–12 wk old were transferred to a biosafety level 3 room. For ECTV infection, anesthetized mice were infected in the left footpad with 25 μl PBS containing 3 × 103 pfu ECTV. Following infections, mice were observed daily for signs of disease (lethargy, ruffled hair, weight loss, skin rash, and eye secretions) and imminent death (unresponsiveness to touch and lack of voluntary movements). Moribund mice were euthanized by halothane inhalation. All of the experimental protocols involving animals were approved by the Fox Chase Cancer Center Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee.
For ECTV infection of cells, 3–5 × 105 cells were plated in 6-well plates and cultured overnight to allow cells to adhere. The cells were then infected with 0.5 pfu ECTV/cell for 18 h, collected, washed, stained, and analyzed for surface expression of various markers. For ECTV infection of peritoneal cells, the mice were euthanized by halothane inhalation and injected i.p. with PBS, the abdomen massaged gently, and the peritoneal cells were collected by aspiration and washed.
Publication 2008
Abdominal Cavity Animals Animals, Laboratory Bath Cell Lines Cells Centrifugation Cloning Vectors Exanthema Freezing Hair Halothane Infection Inhalation Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Interferon Type II Lethargy lipofectamine 2000 Malignant Neoplasms Mice, Inbred C57BL Movement Mus Pathogenicity Peritoneum Plasmids Rubber Secretions, Bodily Senile Plaques Sepharose Specific Pathogen Free Strains Technique, Dilution Touch Virus
Aedes albopictus C6/36 cells and Aedes aegypti Aag2 cells were maintained at 28°C and 5% CO2 in Dulbecco’s Modification of Eagle’s Medium (C6/36) or Schneider’s Drosophila Medium (Aag2), 10% FBS, 1% 200mM L-glutamine, 1% Penicillin (5,000 I.U./ml) streptomycin (5 mg/ml). C6/36 cells were transfected using Effectene (Qiagen; Valencia, CA) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Aag2 cells were transfected using Fugene (Roche; Basel, Switzerland) using a ratio of 3μl Fugene reagent to 1μg of DNA (Meredith et al. 2006 (link)). Cells were seeded in 12-well plates and were transfected at ~50% cell confluency. C6/36 or Aag2 cells were co-transfected with 500ng of pGL3 construct (no promoter, IE1-luc, UbL40-luc or PUb-luc) and 25 ng pRL-CMV per well. At 48hrs post transfection, cells were washed twice with Phosphate Buffered Saline (PBS) and scraped with a rubber policeman in 1X Passive Lysis Buffer (PLB), freeze-thawed once and centrifuged briefly to remove cell debris. Lysates were diluted 1:100 in 1X PLB and luciferase activity was determined using the Dual-Luciferase Reporter Assay System on a GloMax 20/20 Luminometer according to the manufacturer’s instructions (Promega; Madison, WI).
Publication 2010
Aedes Biological Assay Buffers Cells Drosophila Eagle Effectene Freezing FuGene Glutamine Luciferases Paragangliomas 3 Penicillins Phosphates Promega Rubber Saline Solution Streptomycin Transfection
Primary data describing areas of sex work activity were derived from a parallel ethnographic study with the Baltimore City Police Department, a formative phase of the SAPPHIRE study (Footer et al., An ethnographic exploration of police practices towards street-based female sex workers in Baltimore City, USA – informing structural interventions to address HIV risk. under review). Study staff participated in 300 hours of ride-alongs with police officers in city districts with high numbers of prostitution charges, offering the opportunity to collect extensive geotemporal data of SW activity. During ride-alongs, ethnographers recorded all visual sightings of potential sex workers via dropping pins on Google Maps. Identification of potential sex workers was based on both law enforcement accounts (e.g., historical accountings of their interactions with known sex workers) and staff members’ judgment of the individual’s behavior, such as loitering in known sex work strolls or approaching vehicles. Similar data were also collected during windshield tours in which field staff drove around areas of potential sex work to confirm the presence of sex work activity and identify any potential safety concerns (described below). Windshield tours were also used in this research as they are a proven strategy to observe social behaviors in urban areas [24 (link)]. Ethnographic data of sex work activity were derived from a diverse group of stakeholders, including police leadership, patrol officers, and syringe services program staff. Lastly, primary data were derived from interviews with FSWs that served on a community advisory board for the SAPPHIRE study.
Publication 2018
Females Microtubule-Associated Proteins Police Officer Safety Sapphire Sex Workers Syringes Workers
Primary cells were infected with SV40T and hTERT vectors containing respectively geneticin (G418) or hygromycin resistance as described before (O'Hare et al. 2001 (link); Satchell et al. 2006 (link)). Subconfluent cell layers were transferred to 33°C and selected by using G418 (400 µg/ml; Sigma-Aldrich) and hygromycin B (25 µg/ml; Sigma-Aldrich) for 10 days. To obtain a homogeneous cell culture, cells were subcloned by using irradiated NIH 3T3 fibroblast as non-dividing feeder cells (Saleem et al. 2002 (link)). After being cultured for 2 weeks at 33°C, single cell clones were visible and picked by using cloning discs drained in trypsin/EDTA. For the following experiments, cells were cultured at 33°C to 70% confluency, followed by maturation for 10 days at 37°C during which the cells formed a confluent monolayer. Propagation of cells was maintained by reseeding the cells at a dilution of 1:3 to 1:6 at 33°C. Experimental procedures were performed on the cloned cells between passages 15 and 40.
Morphology of ciPTEC was investigated by using phase-contrast microscopy. Additionally, cells cultured for 10 days at 37°C were scraped off flask by using a rubber policeman and embedded in paraffin for electron-microscopical analysis.
Publication 2009
antibiotic G 418 Cell Culture Techniques Cells Clone Cells Cloning Vectors Edetic Acid Electron Microscopy Fibroblasts Geneticin Germ Cells hygromycin A Hygromycin B Microscopy, Phase-Contrast NIH 3T3 Cells Paraffin Embedding Rubber Technique, Dilution Trypsin
Titration of serum IgG from STm vaccine-immunized mice, monoclonal antibodies (mAbs) (anti-S. Typhimurium O4 IgG [SC5223, Santa Cruz Biotechnology, CA]) and anti-S. Typhimurium O5 IgA (Sal4), or polyclonal anti-SE COPS sera (described previously [18 (link)]) was accomplished using an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA). Briefly, 96-well, medium-binding, microtiter plates (Greiner Bio-One, NC) were coated with either COPS antigens (1925wzzB-COPS, dOAc-1925wzzB-COPS, or SE COPS) or COPS conjugates (STm-COPSKDO:CRM197, or dOAc-STm-COPSKDO:CRM197) at a concentration of 5 μg polysaccharide/mL and incubated overnight at 4°C. Plates were washed with PBST and blocked with PBS + 10% Omniblok non-fat, dry milk for 2 h at 37°C. Serum samples and monoclonal antibodies were serially diluted in PBST + 10% Omniblok, transferred to blocked ELISA plates, and incubated for 1 h at 37°C. Plates were washed, and incubated for 1 h at 37°C with horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-labeled anti-mouse IgG (for O4 and mouse serum; 1:1,000) (KPL, MD) or HRP-labeled anti-mouse IgA (for O5; 1:500) (Southern Biotech, AL). After washing, substrate (3,3’,5,5’-tetramethylbenzidine, KPL, MD) was added, and the plates were incubated on a rocker at ambient temperature for 15 min in darkness. The reaction was stopped with the addition of 1 M H3PO4, and the absorbance at 450 nm was recorded using an Ascent microplate reader (Thermo Scientific, MA). Endpoint titers, represented as ELISA units (EU) per mL, were defined and calculated as previously described [18 (link)]. Analyses were conducted with positive sera as plate controls with acceptance criteria of < 15% variance between plates. Proportional levels of epitope-specific antibody in sera were calculated by subtracting the serum IgG titers for various COPS antigens as follows: O1,12,core antibody levels were defined as the SE COPS titer; O4 antibody levels were calculated as (dOAc-1925wzzB-COPS titer)–(SE COPS titer); O-acetyl specific antibody levels were calculated by (1925wzzB-COPS titer)–(dOAc-1925wzzB-COPS titer). Any negative values were assigned a titer of 0. The relative levels of each antibody population were calculated as a percentage of the sum of all three calculated titers.
Publication 2017
3,3',5,5'-tetramethylbenzidine anti-IgA anti-IgG Antigens CRM197 (non-toxic variant of diphtheria toxin) Darkness Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay Epitopes Horseradish Peroxidase IGG-horseradish peroxidase Immunoglobulins Milk, Cow's Monoclonal Antibodies Mus Police Officer Polysaccharides Serum Titrimetry Vaccines

Most recents protocols related to «Police Officer»

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Publication 2023
COVID 19 Police Officer Risk Management Safety Secure resin cement Special Education Student Supervision
MSCs were seeded at a cell density of 1 × 105 cell/well in 6-well plates with incubation overnight under standard conditions described above. They were infected with Ctr at MOI (1, 3 and 4) and cultivated for 72 h. Wells with uninfected cells were used as controls. For studying the effect of DFMO on the expression of p27, the infected cells were treated with 20 mM DFMO and compared with untreated infected cells. The cells were PBS washed and lysed with 200 µL of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS)-lysis buffer (3% 2-ME, 20% glycerin, 0.05% bromophenol blue, 3% SDS). After scraping using a rubber policeman, the lysate was collected in Eppendorf tubes and heated in a thermal block for 10 min at 96 °C. Equal amounts of protein were separated using SDS-PAGE, and immunoblotting detection of p27 expression was performed as described elsewhere [17] (link).
Publication 2023
Bromphenol Blue Buffers Cells Eflornithine Glycerin Proteins Rubber SDS-PAGE Sulfate, Sodium Dodecyl
The 6-well plates containing Ctr-infected MSCs treated and untreated with DFMO (20 mM) were taken at time intervals of 24 h, 48 h and 72 h, washed twice with cold PBS and fixed with 2.5% glutaraldehyde. Fixed cells were detached by a rubber policeman. The cells were post-fixed with 1% osmium tetroxide (OsO4) and then contrasted with tannic acid and uranyl acetate. The specimens were dehydrated in a graded ethanol series (50–100%) and embedded in agar 100. Ultrathin sections (70 nm) were produced, contrasted with lead citrate and examined with a Zeiss EM 10 scanning electron microscope and LEO 912AB transmission electron microscope (Carl Zeiss AG, Oberkochen, Germany).
Publication 2023
Agar Cells Citrates Common Cold Eflornithine Ethanol Glutaral Osmium Tetroxide Rubber Scanning Electron Microscopy Tannins Transmission Electron Microscopy uranyl acetate
The inclusion of a question to identify the individuals who directly interacted with the programme allows for exploring whether the policy had a direct effect on them. However, an assumption much stronger than the ‘parallel trends’ difference-in-differences assumption would be needed to provide these estimates with a causal interpretation. For individuals in the intervention centre in the post-intervention period, if the variable interactedi identifies the individuals who had a direct relationship with the programme, we can assume that fear of crime is determined as follows:
yi=α+xiβ+δinteractedi+ui
If E(ui|interactedi, xi) = E(ui|xi), then δ′ would estimate the causal effect of the policy on the individuals who interacted with it. However, this assumption is strong, it implies that once the observable characteristics xi are controlled for, there are no unobservable differences between the individuals who did and did not interact with the programme. Since interaction with the programme required the individual to approach the programme team, there could be self-selection issues. The exogeneity assumption breaks down, for example, if the individuals who are more fearful of crime are more likely to approach a police officer.
Simple difference estimates are unlikely to be unbiased estimates of causal effects, but we provide evidence that individuals who did and did not interact with the programme are on average almost indistinguishable across a broad set of observable characteristics, suggesting that they are also similar across unobservables. That fact, together with a relatively good set of controls, including measures of victimisation and the individual’s evaluation of the police, suggest that the simple difference estimates still provide useful information.
The methods explained above will be used to explore a possible effect of the programme not only on fear of crime but also on other relevant variables, such as the perception of police effectiveness and actual crime, to inform our interpretation of the results.
All of the calculations and estimations of regression models were conducted using Stata/MP version 15.1.
Publication 2023
Crime Fear Police Officer Victimization
To ensure that the actor in our stimuli simulated actions that officers encounter on duty, we reviewed police use-of-force case files from a local law enforcement agency. In this case, the use-of-force is defined as “the amount of effort required by police to compel compliance by an unwilling subject” (International Association of Chiefs of Police 2001 , p. 1). The amount of force used by officers can range from less-lethal techniques (e.g., verbalized commands with no physical contact, soft grabbing of subject to restrain them) to lethal force (e.g., use of a lethal weapon such as firearms) (National Institute of Justice 2009 ). We focused on cases that included video footage (i.e., body-camera and/or dash-camera recordings). In total, we reviewed approximately 1500 case files to find those that most closely reflected the same situation pattern that the stimuli were intended to emulate. Of those case files, 22 involved an officer or officers facing a suspect with an unknown object in their possession that the officer(s) could not see clearly (e.g., because the object was concealed behind the suspect or the suspect was too far away to be able to accurately determine what they held). Objects concealed by suspects included guns, knives, pens, wallets, cellphones, and video game controllers. Nineteen of those 22 cases included video footage from body-worn cameras.
In the body-camera footage, we discerned two intents: one in which suspects moved to attack or to appear threatening to the officers, and one in which suspects moved to comply with officer commands or appeared non-threatening to the officers. When suspects moved to attack or to appear threatening to the officers, they held (i.e., aimed) the weapon—or object in their hand—at shoulder or hip height. When suspects moved to comply with officer commands or appeared non-threatening to the officers, they held their hands up above their heads or out at their sides. We therefore created four experimental conditions to represent the four combinations of intent (i.e., threatening, non-threatening) and final hand position (i.e., high, low). This resulted in two types of threatening draws (i.e., object aimed at the camera from the actor’s shoulder or hip) and two types of non-threatening draws (i.e., actor in “surrender” position with both hands raised above their head or hands held out to the sides at hip height). When crossed with four objects (i.e., weapons: handgun, knife; non-weapons: cell phone, wallet), this yielded a total of 16 experimental conditions.
We initially recruited an experienced law-enforcement firearms instructor to perform the 16 motion/object combinations during stimuli creation. However, when reviewing the videos from their pilot filming session, it was clear that—despite the instructor drawing the objects from concealed locations, just as a suspect would—their movement was stylized and corresponded closely with how police officers are trained to draw and present their unconcealed handguns from external holsters. As such, the instructor’s movements did not reflect the suspects’ movement observed in the case file footage. Therefore, we recruited a new actor with no prior firearms or law-enforcement experience to perform the 16 motion/object combinations used for the study. This resulted in movements that corresponded closely with those observed in the case file footage.
Publication 2023
ARID1A protein, human Cardiac Arrest Head Human Body Movement Physical Examination Police Officer Shoulder

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More about "Police Officer"

Law Enforcement Professionals, Police, Cops, Law Enforcement Officers, LEOs, Sworn Officers, Public Safety Officials, Emergency Responders, Patrol Officers, Investigative Officers, Traffic Enforcement, Community Policing, Disaster Response, Criminal Justice, Crime Prevention, Public Service, Decision-Making, Physical Fitness, Rubber Policeman, Protease Inhibitor Cocktail, Bradford Assay, RPMI 1640, TRIzol, 4-Thiouridine, NucleoSpin Filter, ECL System, RNeasy Mini Kit.