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Herpesviridae

Herpesviridae are a family of DNA viruses that infect a wide range of host species, including humans.
These viruses are characterized by their ability to establish lifelong latent infections, leading to recurrent outbreaks.
The Herpesviridae family is divided into three subfamilies: Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae, and Gammaherpesvirinae, each with unique biological properties and disease associations.
Herpesviruses are known to cause a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild skin lesions to more serious conditions, such as encephalitis, cancer, and congenital infections.
Research into the understanding and management of Herpesviridae infections remains an area of active investigation, with ongoing efforts to develop effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.

Most cited protocols related to «Herpesviridae»

1
Stool and Swab DNA Extraction
Cited 19 times
Spiked stool samples, clinical stool samples, and swabs were extracted with the QIAamp Stool DNA Mini kit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA), after a bead beating step and 95°C incubation. For stool specimens, 200 mg of raw stool was first lysed with QIAamp ASL buffer, beaten for 2 min with 212 to 300-μm glass beads (Sigma, St. Louis, MO), and incubated at 95°C for 5 min. The samples were centrifuged at full speed for 1 min to pellet stool particles, then 400 μl of ASL lysate were extracted and eluted in 200 μl of elution buffer following the manufacturer’s instructions. For swabs, the dry swab was mixed with the lysis buffer and glass beads, then subjected to bead beating directly and extracted following the same procedure as that for stool. Two extrinsic controls, Phocine Herpesvirus (PhHV) and bacteriophage MS2, were spiked into lysis buffer to monitor extraction and amplification efficiency. For comparison of extraction methods, one aliquot of each sample was extracted with QIAamp Stool DNA Mini kit and another aliquot was extracted with the QIAamp Viral RNA mini kit (Qiagen) or QuickGene RNA Tissue kit (FujiFilm, Tokyo, Japan). During all extractions an extraction blank was incorporated to monitor for lab contamination.
Liu J., Gratz J., Amour C., Nshama R., Walongo T., Maro A., Mduma E., Platts-Mills J., Boisen N., Nataro J., Haverstick D.M., Kabir F., Lertsethtakarn P., Silapong S., Jeamwattanalert P., Bodhidatta L., Mason C., Begum S., Haque R., Praharaj I., Kang G, & Houpt E.R. (2016). Optimization of Quantitative PCR Methods for Enteropathogen Detection. PLoS ONE, 11(6), e0158199.
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Publication 2016
Buffers Feces Herpesviridae Phage MS2 RNA, Viral Tissues
2
Identifying Viral Membrane-Fusion Proteins
Cited 11 times

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Publication 1999
Amino Acid Sequence Arenavirus Baculoviridae Bunyaviridae CD33 protein, human Coronavirus Infections Debility Filoviridae Flavivirus Gene Products, env Glycoproteins GTP-Binding Proteins Hemagglutinin Herpesviridae Histidine Kinase Membrane Fusion Proteins Orthomyxoviridae Protein Domain Proteins Radionuclide Imaging Retroviridae Rhabdoviridae spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Tissue, Membrane Togaviridae Viral Fusion Proteins Viral Matrix Proteins Virus Virus Membrane Fusion
3
Detecting Herpes Viruses in Ocular Fluids
Cited 9 times
Genomic DNA of HHV in the aqueous humour and vitreous fluids was measured through the use of two independent PCR assays: (1) a qualitative multiplex PCR and (2) a quantitative real-time PCR. The result analysis for the PCR is shown in fig 1.
DNA was extracted from samples using an E21 virus minikit (Qiagen, Valencia, CA) installed on a Robotic workstation for automated purification of nucleic acids (BioRobot E21, Qiagen). The multiplex PCR was designed to qualitatively measure genomic DNA of eight human herpes viruses, that is, herpes simplex virus type 1 (HSV-1), type 2 (HSV-2), Varicella-zoster virus (VZV), Epstein–Barr virus (EBV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), human herpes virus type 6 (HHV6), type 7 (HHV7) and type 8 (HHV8). The PCR was performed using a LightCycler (Roche, Switzerland). Primers and probes of HHV1–8 and the PCR conditions have been described previously.8 (link) Specific primers for the virus were used with Accuprime Taq (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). Products were subjected to 40 cycles of PCR amplification. Hybridisation probes were then mixed with the PCR products. Subsequently, real-time PCR was performed only for the human herpes virus, with the genomic DNA detected by multiplex PCR (fig 1). The real-time PCR was performed using Amplitaq Gold and the Real-Time PCR 7300 system (ABI, Foster City, CA). The sequence of the HHV1–8 primers and probes are shown in table 1. The primers of the viruses and the PCR conditions have been described in previous reports.9 (link)–13 (link) Our research group has also previously reported the primers of the sequences for VZV.14 (link) All of the products obtained were subjected to 45 cycles of PCR amplification. The value of viral copy number in the sample was considered to be significant, when more than 50 copies/tube (5×103 (link)/ml) were observed.
Sugita S., Shimizu N., Watanabe K., Mizukami M., Morio T., Sugamoto Y, & Mochizuki M. (2008). Use of multiplex PCR and real-time PCR to detect human herpes virus genome in ocular fluids of patients with uveitis. The British Journal of Ophthalmology, 92(7), 928-932.
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Publication 2008
Aqueous Humor Biological Assay Crossbreeding Cytomegalovirus Epstein-Barr Virus Genome Genome, Human Gold Herpesviridae Herpesvirus 7, Human Homo sapiens Human Herpesvirus 1 Human Herpesvirus 2 Human Herpesvirus 6 Human Herpesvirus 8 Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Nucleic Acids Oligonucleotide Primers Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Simplexvirus Virus
4
Systematic Yeast Two-Hybrid Screening of VZV Protein Interactions
Cited 7 times
We systematically tested all N- and C-terminal baits against all N- and C-terminal VZV preys using standard matrix-based Y2H protocols as described previously [21 ,22 (link)]. The quality of interactions was evaluated by two different strategies: first, we compared our interactions to a list of known herpesviral interactions. Because not many interactions have been detected in VZV (except in our own studies [4 (link),5 (link)], we used a list of herpesviral interactions curated from small-scale studies [4 (link)] as a gold-standard dataset. We considered a VZV interaction as "LC-verified" if it had at least one interolog in this literature-curated (LC) dataset. Second, we compared our VZV dataset to a large set of herpesviral Y2H interactions [4 (link)], comprising interactions from KSHV, VZV, EBV, mCMV, and HSV1. We considered a VZV interaction as "interolog-verified" if it had at least one interolog in one of the four non-VZV viruses (as VZV interactions would not be interologs). This logic is based on the idea that interactions are conserved and that multiple interologs support an interaction [23 (link)-25 (link)]. All interactions, interologs, and literature-curated interactions are available as Additional file 1: Tables S1-3 and from [4 (link)].
Stellberger T., Häuser R., Baiker A., Pothineni V.R., Haas J, & Uetz P. (2010). Improving the yeast two-hybrid system with permutated fusions proteins: the Varicella Zoster Virus interactome. Proteome Science, 8, 8.
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Publication 2010
Gold Herpesviridae Human Herpesvirus 1 Human Herpesvirus 8 Virus
5
Viral Microarray Profiling Protocol
Cited 6 times
DNA microarrays were synthesized using the NimbleGen Maskless Array Synthesizer at Lawrence Livermore National Laboratory as described [2 (link)]. Adenovirus type 7 strain Gomen (Adenoviridae), respiratory syncytial virus (RSV) strain Long (Paramyxoviridae), respiratory syncytial virus strain B1, bluetongue virus (BTV) type 2 (Reoviridae) and bovine viral diarrhea virus (BVDV) strain Singer (Flaviviridae) were purchased from the National Veterinary lab and grown at our laboratory. Purified DNA from human herpesvirus 6B (HHV6B) (Herpesviridae) and vaccinia virus strain Lister (Poxviridae) were purchased from Advanced Biotechnologies (Maryland, VA). 11 blinded viral culture samples were received from Dr. Robert Tesh's lab at University of Texas Medical Branch at Galveston (UTMB). The viral cultures were sent to LLNL in the presence of Trizol reagent.
After treatment with Trizol reagent, RNA from cells was precipitated with isopropanol and washed with 70% ethanol. The RNA pellet was dried and reconstituted with RNase free water. 1 μg of RNA was transcribed into double-strand cDNA with random hexamers using Superscript™ double-stranded cDNA synthesis kit from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA). The DNA or cDNA was labeled using Cy-3 labeled nonamers from Trilink Biotechnologies and 4 μg of labeled sample was hybridized to the microarray for 16 hours as previously described (Jaing et al., 2008). Clinical samples that had been extracted and partially purified using Round A and Round B protocols (Wang et al, 2003) were obtained from Dr. Joseph DeRisi's laboratory at University of California, San Francisco (UCSF). The samples were amplified for an additional 15 cycles to incorporate aminoallyl-dUTP and labeled with Cy3NHS ester (GE Healthcare, Piscataway, NJ). The labeled samples were hybridized to NimbleGen arrays.
Data have being submitted to the Gene Expression Omnibus (GEO) database http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/geo/ accession number GSE24700.
Gardner S.N., Jaing C.J., McLoughlin K.S, & Slezak T.R. (2010). A microbial detection array (MDA) for viral and bacterial detection. BMC Genomics, 11, 668.
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Publication 2010
5-(aminoallyl)-2'-deoxyuridine 5'-triphosphate Adenoviruses Adenovirus Infections Aftercare Anabolism Bluetongue virus Bovine Viral Diarrhea Viruses Cells DNA, Complementary DNA Chips Endoribonucleases Esters Ethanol Flaviviridae Herpesviridae Herpesvirus 6B, Human Isopropyl Alcohol Microarray Analysis Paramyxoviridae Poxviridae Reoviridae Respiratory Syncytial Virus Singer Strains trizol Vaccinia virus

Most recents protocols related to «Herpesviridae»

1
Dengue and Herpes Virus Protein Preparation
With the Protein Preparation Wizard module, the proteins of dengue and herpes viruses were adjusted by removing the water molecules. In general, water molecule-containing proteins are not compatible for the molecular docking; therefore, water molecules were clean off from the proteins for further investigation. Two gears such as preparation and refinement were utilized during this process to detect water molecules and remove them from the proteins, while the workspace analyzer was aided to add the missing residues in the proteins. Later, the proteins were shifted for docking using two more gears: optimization and minimization. The entire target preparation process has been completed in accordance with our previous studies (Christy Rani et al. 2022 ; Kalaimathi et al. 2022 (link)).
Samy C.R., Karunanithi K., Sheshadhri J., Rengarajan M., Srinivasan P, & Cherian P. (2023). (R)-(+)-Rosmarinic Acid as an Inhibitor of Herpes and Dengue Virus Replication: an In Silico Assessment. Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia, 33(3), 543-550.
Publication 2023
Dengue Fever Herpesviridae Proteins
2
Computational Screening of Rosmarinic Acid
Initially, (R)-(+)-rosmarinic acid was chosen as a ligand molecule and retrieved from the chemical database to find out its antiviral potential against the proteins of dengue and herpes viruses. Similar to the ligand, the viral proteins were retrieved from the protein database (www.rcsb.com) as in crystallographic form to dock with (R)-(+)-rosmarinic acid. The alphanumeric identities of the proteins were 1F5Q murine gamma herpesvirus cyclin complexed to human cyclin-dependent kinase 2 (Card et al. 2000 (link)), 2J7W dengue virus NS5 RNA-dependent RNA polymerase domain complexed with 3’dGTP (Yap et al. 2007 (link)), and 4OIG dengue virus nonstructural protein NS1 (Edeling et al. 2014 (link)).
Samy C.R., Karunanithi K., Sheshadhri J., Rengarajan M., Srinivasan P, & Cherian P. (2023). (R)-(+)-Rosmarinic Acid as an Inhibitor of Herpes and Dengue Virus Replication: an In Silico Assessment. Revista Brasileira De Farmacognosia, 33(3), 543-550.
Publication 2023
Antiviral Agents CDK2 protein, human Crystallography Cyclins Dengue Fever Dengue Virus deoxyguanosine triphosphate Gamma Rays Herpesviridae Ligands Mus Proteins RNA-Directed RNA Polymerase rosmarinic acid Rumex Simplexvirus Viral Nonstructural Proteins Viral Proteins
3
Viral Spike Protein Analysis Across Families
Across all sets (feature selection, training, extra-familial validation), six families of respiratory viruses were included in this study: Coronaviridae, Paramyxoviridae, Pneumoviridae, Adenoviridae, Orthomyxoviridae, and Herpesviridae. Each of the viruses within these families has a protein responsible for viral attachment and host cell entry, which will be referred to herein as the “spike” protein (see Fig 1A). For Coronaviruses, it is the Spike S Glycoprotein which is aptly named because it projects from the surface of the virion (Fig 1B) as do the other “spike” proteins. Note that for Influenza Virus A within the Orthomyxoviridae family, we selected Hemagglutinin as the equivalent of the “spike” over Neuraminidase as the latter primarily prevents virion aggregation and as such serves more as a helper protein to the role of the former in determining cell entry [25 (link)].
A total of 50 viral sequences (ranging from 4 to 12 for each virus family) encoding 360 proteins were utilized (see Table 1 for a list of sequences). Specifically, in the feature selection set we included 7 Coronaviridae sequences representing 7 viruses; in the training set, we included 7 different Coronaviridae sequences representing 7 viruses, 4 Paramyxoviridae sequences representing 4 viruses, 12 Pneumoviridae sequences representing 2 viruses, 8 Adenoviridae sequences representing 1 virus, and 8 Orthomyxoviridae sequences representing 1 virus. Finally, for the extra-familial validation set, we included 4 Herpesviridae sequences representing 4 viruses. See Table 2 for the number of “spike” vs. non-spike proteins for each virus family.
Walker K.C., Shwarts M., Demidikin S., Chakravarty A, & Joseph-McCarthy D. (2023). Machine learning for the identification of respiratory viral attachment machinery from sequences data. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0281642.
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Publication 2023
Adenoviruses Cells Coronaviridae Coronavirus Infections Hemagglutinin Herpesviridae Influenzavirus A M protein, multiple myeloma Neuraminidase Orthomyxoviridae Paramyxoviridae Pneumovirinae Proteins Respiratory Rate spike protein, SARS-CoV-2 Staphylococcal Protein A Virion Virus Virus Attachment
4
Detection of Parapoxvirus in Reindeer
Swab samples from 95 adult reindeer (nasal) and 18 calves (nasal and oral) from 2018 and swab samples from 68 adult reindeer (nasal and oral) from 2019 were analyzed for the presence of parapoxvirus DNA. DNA was extracted from swab samples (Maxwell 16® Buccal Swab LEV DNA purification kit; Promega, Madison, WI, USA). The PCR reactions were run in a Perkin Elmer GeneAmp@ PCR System 9700 (Perkin Elmer Corp., Shelton, CT, USA), targeting the putative viral envelope antigen (B2L; primers PPP1 → 5′-gtc gtc cac gag cag ct-3′ and PPP4 → 5′-tac gtg gga agc gcc tcg ct-3′) and a gene encoding a protein inhibiting the granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor and interleukin-2 (GIF; primers GIF 5 → 5′-gct cta gga aag atg gcg tg-3′, GIF 6 → 5′-gta ctc ctg gct gaa gag cg -3′), as previously described [46 (link)]. DNA isolated from a skin lesion of a domestic goat (Capra hircus) with CE was used as a positive control (Norwegian Veterinary Institute, Tromsø, Norway). Unused dNTP and primers were removed enzymatically from the PCR amplicons (ExoSAP-IT™; Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Lund, Sweden) prior to sequencing (BigDye® Terminator v3.1 cycle sequencing kit; Applied Biosystems, Tønsberg, Norway) in an Applied Biosystems 3130 XL Genetic Analyzer (Applied Biosystems).
DNA was extracted (Maxwell® 16 LEV Buccal swab DNA kit; Promega, Madison, WI, USA) from leucocytes (“buffy coat”) from two reindeer with antibodies against MCFV and from eight seronegative reindeer. The samples were subjected to a consensus herpesvirus PCR [47 (link)] and an OvHV2 nested PCR [48 (link)] in attempts to amplify herpesvirus-specific or MCFV-specific sequences, respectively.
Tryland M., Sánchez Romano J., Nymo I.H., Mørk T., Þórarinsdóttir R., Breines E.M., Li H., Cunha C.W, & Thórisson S.G. (2023). A Screening for Virus Infections among Wild Eurasian Tundra Reindeer (Rangifer tarandus tarandus) in Iceland, 2017–2019. Viruses, 15(2), 317.
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Publication 2023
Adult Antibodies Antigens, Viral Genes Goat Granulocyte-Macrophage Colony-Stimulating Factor Herpesviridae IL2 protein, human Leukocytes Nose Oligonucleotide Primers Parapoxvirus Promega Reindeer Reproduction Scheuermann's Disease Skin Staphylococcal Protein A
5
Identifying Antigenic Epitopes for HCMV Vaccine Development
The availability of novel biological resources [30 (link),31 (link)] is helpful in the design of novel therapeutics against human pathogens [32 (link),33 (link)]. The shortlisting of highly antigenic target proteins and epitope sequences predicted against each protein of the HCMV were retrieved from the previously developed online resource [31 (link)], whereas the antigenic and non-antigenic proteins for each specie were identified with a VaxiJen threshold scoring system [34 (link)]. The online available VaxiJen server (http://www.ddg-pharmfac.net/vaxijen/VaxiJen/VaxiJen.html; accessed on 11 September 2022) utilizes an alignment free, covariance-based approach with a focus on the amino acids properties [34 (link)]. Proteins were further subjected to allergenicity prediction analysis. The performed allergenicity check helps to ensure the prevention of possible allergic responses in the host [32 (link)] during the vaccine designing procedures. Algpred v. 2.0 (http://crdd.osdd.net/raghava/algpred/; accessed on 27 September 2022) server [33 (link)] was utilized to evaluate allergenicity status of the proteins. The input sequence was added as a single letter amino acid code while the selected prediction approach was an amino acid composition based SVM module [33 (link)]. The analyzed shortlisted epitopes for each target protein with potential efficacy are already available in the online resource for potential utility in vaccine construction. Further analysis was performed on the basis of shortlisted epitopes against each target protein from the HCMV proteome. All the retrieved information of the genomic data set (NCBI accession ID: NC_006273.2) and proteome (UniProt accession ID: UP000000938) of Human herpesvirus were collected and subjected to further analysis. The overall workflow of the performed study is shown in Figure 1.
, & Bakkari M.A. (2023). Targeted Protein-Specific Multi-Epitope-Based Vaccine Designing against Human Cytomegalovirus by Using Immunoinformatics Approaches. Vaccines, 11(2), 203.
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Publication 2023
Allergens Amino Acids Antigens Epitopes Genome Herpesviridae Homo sapiens Human Herpesvirus 5 Immunization Pathogenicity Proteins Protein Targeting, Cellular Proteome Therapeutics Vaccines

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1
Qiaamp dna mini kit by Qiagen
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The QIAamp DNA Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment product designed for the purification of genomic DNA from a variety of sample types. It utilizes a silica-membrane-based technology to efficiently capture and purify DNA, which can then be used for various downstream applications.
2
Qiaamp viral rna mini kit by Qiagen
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More about "Herpesviridae"

Herpesviridae are a family of DNA viruses that infect a wide range of host species, including humans.
These viruses are characterized by their ability to establish lifelong latent infections, leading to recurrent outbreaks.
The Herpesviridae family is divided into three subfamilies: Alphaherpesvirinae, Betaherpesvirinae, and Gammaherpesvirinae, each with unique biological properties and disease associations.
Herpes simplex virus (HSV), varicella-zoster virus (VZV), cytomegalovirus (CMV), and Epstein-Barr virus (EBV) are some of the most well-known members of the Herpesviridae family.
Herpesviruses are known to cause a variety of clinical manifestations, ranging from mild skin lesions to more serious conditions, such as encephalitis, cancer, and congenital infections.
To study these viruses, researchers often utilize techniques like DNA extraction using the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit or the DNeasy Blood and Tissue Kit, RNA extraction using the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit, and gene expression analysis using the HiSeq 2000 sequencing platform and Proteome Discoverer software.
Fluorescence microscopy with the Axioskop 2 microscope and Qiaquick columns can also be employed to visualize and purify viral particles.
Ongoing research into the understanding and management of Herpesviridae infections involves the development of effective preventive and therapeutic strategies.
This includes the use of the MagNA Pure LC 2.0 instrument for nucleic acid extraction and the ABI 7900HT thermocycler for real-time PCR analysis.
Additionally, the use of bovine serum albumin (BSA) as a blocking agent can enhance the sensitivity and specificity of various assays related to Herpesviridae research.
By exploring the diverse aspects of Herpesviridae, including their molecular characteristics, pathogenesis, and clinical manifestations, researchers can advance our understanding of these ubiquitous viruses and pave the way for improved diagnostic, preventive, and treatment options.