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Norovirus

Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis, often referred to as the 'stomach flu.' It is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in both children and adults worldwide.
Norovirus infection is characterized by sudden onset of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, and can lead to dehydration.
The virus is primarily transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces, food, or water, as well as from person-to-person.
Effective prevention and management of Norovirus outbreaks is an important public health concern, requiring rapid identification of the virus and implementation of appropriate control measures.
Reasearch into Norovirus biology, epidemiology, and intervention strategies is crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the burden of this pervasive viral infection.

Most cited protocols related to «Norovirus»

1
Norovirus RNA Extraction and Sequencing
Viral RNA was extracted from samples with a QIAamp Viral RNA Mini kit (Qiagen). Reverse transcription–polymerase chain reaction (RT-PCR) was performed using a PrimeScript II High Fidelity One Step RT-PCR Kit (TaKaRa). Using primer walking methods, we analyzed the complete RdRp region and VP1 gene. The primers were designed by the PrimaClade server (Supplementary Table S1) (Gadberry et al., 2005 (link)). After the PCR products were purified using a MinElute PCR Purification Kit (Qiagen), they were sequenced using a BigDye Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing kit (Applied Biosystems). We used the Norovirus Genotyping Tool version 1.0 to genotype the present virus (Kroneman et al., 2011 (link)). The accession numbers of these strains are shown in Supplementary Table S2.
Nagasawa K., Matsushima Y., Motoya T., Mizukoshi F., Ueki Y., Sakon N., Murakami K., Shimizu T., Okabe N., Nagata N., Shirabe K., Shinomiya H., Suzuki W., Kuroda M., Sekizuka T., Suzuki Y., Ryo A., Fujita K., Oishi K., Katayama K, & Kimura H. (2018). Genetic Analysis of Human Norovirus Strains in Japan in 2016–2017. Frontiers in Microbiology, 9, 1.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2018
Genes Norovirus Oligonucleotide Primers Reverse Transcriptase Polymerase Chain Reaction RNA, Viral Strains Virus
2
Nursing Home Infection Surveillance Criteria
First we searched for relevant guidelines, using Medline, National Guideline Clearinghouse, Cochrane Health Technology Assessment, National Institutes of Health Consensus Development, and the US Preventative Services Task Force. On the basis of a review of those guidelines, each team developed a series of key questions. Examples of these key questions are “What is the utility of examination of urine for pyuria for the diagnosis of symptomatic urinary tract infection?” and “What is the diagnostic accuracy of pulse oximetry for nursing home pneumonia?” These key questions further guided the evidence review used to revise the existing surveillance criteria. Next, a search of the primary literature was performed, using Medline, CINAHL, Embase, Cochrane Systematic Reviews, and the Cochrane Controlled Clinical Trials Registry. Examples of key search terms include the following: nursing home, long-term care, aged, skilled nursing facility, older adults, elderly, fever, healthcare-associated infection, pneumonia, influenza, respiratory tract infection, functional impairment, confusion, leukocyte count, pulse oximetry, urinary tract infection, bacteriuria, urine culture, gastroenteritis, diarrhea, Clostridium difficile, norovirus, cellulitis, soft tissue infection, pressure ulcer, scabies. A line listing of articles that met the search criteria and were included in the final analyses is available upon request from the authors.
Stone N.D., Ashraf M.S., Calder J., Crnich C.J., Crossley K., Drinka P.J., Gould C.V., Juthani-Mehta M., Lautenbach E., Loeb M., MacCannell T., Malani P.N., Mody L., Mylotte J.M., Nicolle L.E., Roghmann M.C., Schweon S.J., Simor A.E., Smith P.W., Stevenson K.B, & Bradley S.F. (2012). Surveillance Definitions of Infections in Long-Term Care Facilities: Revisiting the McGeer Criteria. Infection control and hospital epidemiology : the official journal of the Society of Hospital Epidemiologists of America, 33(10), 965-977.
Publication 2012
Aged Cellulitis Clostridium difficile Diagnosis Diarrhea Fever Gastroenteritis Infections, Hospital Influenza Leukocyte Count Long-Term Care Norovirus Oximetry, Pulse Pneumonia Pressure Ulcer Respiratory Tract Infections Scabies Soft Tissue Infection Technology Assessment, Biomedical Urinalysis Urinary Tract Infection Urine
3
Global Enteric Multicenter Study of Childhood Diarrhea

Protocol full text hidden due to copyright restrictions

Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2016
Adenoviruses Astroviridae Bacteria Child Children's Health Diagnosis Diarrhea Dysentery Electrophoresis Eye Feces Gemini of Coiled Bodies Infant Microbiological Techniques Multiplex Polymerase Chain Reaction Norovirus Patients RNA-Directed DNA Polymerase Rotavirus Sapovirus Skin
4
Phylogenetic Analysis of Norovirus ORF2
A set of 197 unique complete ORF2 sequences of GI and GII noroviruses of human or porcine origin was selected from GenBank [2 (link)] (download of Feb. 2010), representing the genetic diversity of submitted norovirus sequences. The norovirus sequences were translated into amino acids (aa) and aligned using ClustalW in BioEdit [22 ], and uncorrected distance matrices were computed from the sequence alignments. To improve the quality of the alignment, the 57 GI sequences and 140 GII sequences were aligned separately. Phylogenetic trees were computed from the aa alignments and nt alignments, using Bayesian analysis with MrBayes [23 (link)] and maximum likelihood (ML) with PhyML [19 (link), 20 (link)] via the web server at the ATGC Montpellier Bioinformatics platform (http://www.atgc-montpellier.fr/ phyml/). The appropriate substitution model settings were derived using jModeltest [34 (link)] for both GI and GII noroviruses. The resulting trees were plotted and edited in FigTree (http://tree.bio.ed.ac.uk/software/figtree/), and genotype clusters were identified using the prototype sequences for all genotypes listed in Fields Virology [16 ].
Kroneman A., Vega E., Vennema H., Vinjé J., White P.A., Hansman G., Green K., Martella V., Katayama K, & Koopmans M. (2013). Proposal for a unified norovirus nomenclature and genotyping. Archives of virology, 158(10), 2059-2068.
Publication 2013
Amino Acids Genetic Diversity Genotype Homo sapiens Norovirus Reproduction Sequence Alignment Trees
5
Molecular Surveillance of Norovirus Outbreaks
CaliciNet is a novel electronic laboratory surveillance network of local and state public health laboratories in the United States, coordinated by CDC. CaliciNet participants perform molecular typing of norovirus strains by using standardized laboratory protocols for reverse transcription PCR (RT-PCR) followed by DNA sequence analysis of the amplicons. A customized CaliciNet database developed in Bionumerics version 5.1 (Applied Maths, Austin, TX, USA) includes norovirus sequence and basic epidemiologic information (Table 1), which are submitted electronically via a secure connection to the CaliciNet server at CDC. Both epidemiologic and sequence data can then be used to help link multistate outbreaks to a common source (e.g., contaminated food). To ensure high-quality data entry, submissions to the CaliciNet server are performed by certified laboratory personnel of the participating state or local health laboratories, and final quality assurance/quality control is performed at CDC.
CaliciNet certification for participants is a 2-step process that involves evaluation of data entry and analysis of sequences and a laboratory panel test. Each laboratory must pass an annual proficiency test. The laboratory certification and proficiency test consists of analyzing a panel of fecal samples by real-time RT-PCR and conventional RT-PCR analysis followed by bidirectional sequencing as described below. Certified participants are then authorized to upload norovirus outbreak data consisting of >2 samples per outbreak to the national CaliciNet database (Table 1). GII.4 sequences with >2% and 3% difference in region C or D, respectively, and >10% difference with all other noroviruses are further analyzed at CDC by amplification of the VP1 or P2 region.
Vega E., Barclay L., Gregoricus N., Williams K., Lee D, & Vinjé J. (2011). Novel Surveillance Network for Norovirus Gastroenteritis Outbreaks, United States. Emerging Infectious Diseases, 17(8), 1389-1395.
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Publication 2011
austin Feces Food Laboratory Personnel Norovirus Real-Time Polymerase Chain Reaction Reverse Transcription Sequence Analysis, DNA Strains

Most recents protocols related to «Norovirus»

1
Anti-Norovirus Activity Assay Protocol
Not available on PMC !

Example 6

Anti-Norovirus Activity

Norwalk virus replicon assays were performed as reported by Constantini et al. (Antivir Ther 2012, 17, 981-991). HG23 cells (derived from Huh-7 cells) containing NoV replicon RNA are seeded at a density of 3,000 cells/well in 96-well plates and incubated at 37° C. and 5% CO2 overnight. Compounds were tested at concentrations ranging from 0.1 to 100 μM. Compounds were added in triplicate to 80 to 90% confluent monolayers and incubated at 37° C. and 5% CO2. Untreated cells were included in each plate. Following five days incubation (37° C., 5% CO2), total cellular RNA was isolated with RNeasy96 extraction kit from Qiagen. Replicon RNA and an internal control (TaqMan rRNA control reagents, Applied Biosystems) were amplified in a single step.

The median effective concentrations (EC50) ranges of several of the compounds described herein against NoV are shown in Table 3:

TABLE 3
Anti-NoV activity (μM)
CompoundEC50EC90
110.72.4
190.070.27
230.070.33
290.080.46
674.33>20
830.330.91
84>10ND

US11859014B2. Peptidomimetics for the treatment of Norovirus infection (2024-01-02). EMORY UNIVERSITY [US]. Inventors: Raymond F Schinazi [US], Franck Amblard [US], Ladislau Kovari [US], Peng Liu [US], Shaoman Zhou [US], Benjamin D Kuiper [US], BRadley J Keusch [US].
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Patent 2024
Biological Assay Cells Norovirus Norwalk virus Peptidomimetics Replicon Ribosomal RNA
2
Assessing HuNoV Infectivity with HIE Assay
HuNoV infectivity was assessed via in vitro HIE assay as previously described.25 (link),45 (link) Importantly, this method uses RT-qPCR to assess viral replication
in HIE cells by comparing the increase of norovirus genomic copies
at 72 h postinfection with the genomic copies at 1 h postinfection
(no amplification). Additional details are provided in the SI.
Kennedy L.C., Costantini V.P., Huynh K.A., Loeb S.K., Jennings W.C., Lowry S., Mattioli M.C., Vinjé J, & Boehm A.B. (2023). Persistence of Human Norovirus (GII) in Surface Water: Decay Rate Constants and Inactivation Mechanisms. Environmental Science & Technology, 57(9), 3671-3679.
Publication 2023
Biological Assay Cells Genome Norovirus
3
Monthly Saliva Collection for Waterborne Pathogens
The subcohort also collects monthly saliva swab samples over the 1-year period. Families are directed to rub an Oracol sponge swab (Malvern Medical Developments, Worcester, UK) along the gum of their child. Swabs are stored in participants’ freezers (−20°C) until they are ready to be shipped with stools. Swabs are shipped to Temple University where staff recover saliva from swabs using centrifugation.39 40 (link) Saliva samples are stored at −80°C until analysis using multiplex fluorescent microsphere immunoassays using the Luminex xMAP platform (Luminex, Austin, Texas, USA) to quantify IgG responses to specific antigens. Microsphere sets with distinct fluorescence are coupled with target proteins to allow for simultaneous detection of antibodies to multiple targets in samples. Saliva samples are analysed for IgG responses to common waterborne pathogens, including noroviruses GI and GII, Campylobacter jejuni and Cryptosporidium.39–41 (link)
Lee D., Denno D., Tarr P., Wu J., Stokdyk J.P., Borchardt M, & Murphy H.M. (2023). Study design and methods of the Wells and Enteric disease Transmission (WET) Trial: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 13(3), e068560.
Publication 2023
Antibodies Antigens austin Campylobacter jejuni Centrifugation Child Cryptosporidium Feces Fluorescence Immunoassay Microspheres Norovirus pathogenesis Porifera Protein Targeting, Cellular Saliva
4
QMRA for Untreated Well Water Risks
Use QMRA to quantify the risk of GI associated with consuming untreated private well water and compare to Aim 1. Using approaches similar to other QMRA models of risk from well water consumption,45–47 (link) a multi-pathogen QMRA model will be developed using the untreated well water quality data collected from the subcohort of 180 households (270 samples). The following pathogens will be included in the QMRA: adenovirus, enterovirus, norovirus, diarrheagenic E. coli, Campylobacter, Salmonella, Shigella, Cryptosporidium, Giardia. The model will be developed before completing the final analysis of Aim 1 to allow for true unblinded comparison of the results. Individual models will be developed for each pathogen detected using established pathogen-specific dose-response curves. The concentration of pathogens found in the well water in our study will be fit to probability distributions and are the key inputs into the mathematical models. The model endpoint will be the annual number of cases/child-year for each pathogen. The results of the different pathogen-specific models will be combined to produce a total number of cases/child-year of GI expected in the 908 children studied in the trial. The final estimates will be reported as means with 90% probability intervals (PI) around the mean generated using Monte Carlo simulation (10 000 iterations using @Risk (Palisade, USA)). The PIs from the QMRA will be compared with the 90% CIs of intervention effect from Aim 1 to assess whether these intervals intersect.
Lee D., Denno D., Tarr P., Wu J., Stokdyk J.P., Borchardt M, & Murphy H.M. (2023). Study design and methods of the Wells and Enteric disease Transmission (WET) Trial: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 13(3), e068560.
Publication 2023
Adenoviruses AURKB protein, human Campylobacter Child Cryptosporidium Enterovirus Escherichia coli Giardia Households Norovirus pathogenesis Salmonella Shigella Water Consumption
5
Stool and Water Sampling for Enteric Pathogens
Families of the subcohort submit stools from their enrolled child to accompany the water samples, both at baseline and immediately following report of illness. We also ask families to submit one additional stool sample following another report of illness. This sample is not accompanied with a water sample due to budget limitations.
Stool sampling kits are provided and contain instructions, sterile specimen container with storage medium (Zymo DNA/RNA Shield; Zymo Research, Irvine, California, USA), sterile specimen container for samples without storage medium, collection ‘hat’ for toilet-trained children, insulated envelope, prepaid shipping label, gloves, biohazard bags and ice packs. Samples are mailed overnight to researchers at Temple University in Philadelphia. Subsections of neat samples are stored at −80°C. Aliquots of samples in storage medium are shipped on ice to the USDA/USGS laboratory in Marshfield, Wisconsin, USA, and are stored at −80°C until analysis. Nucleic acid extraction, reverse transcription and qPCR analysis are completed as described for water samples,13 (link) and pathogens are reported as present/absent. Samples are tested for noroviruses GI and GII, human adenovirus (groups A–F), enterovirus, hepatitis A virus, rotavirus (A and C), SARS-CoV-2, diarrheagenic E. coli, Salmonella, Shigella, Campylobacter, Giardia, and Cryptosporidium and Shiga toxin-producing bacteria (stx1 and stx2); online supplemental text S10 lists assay information.
Lee D., Denno D., Tarr P., Wu J., Stokdyk J.P., Borchardt M, & Murphy H.M. (2023). Study design and methods of the Wells and Enteric disease Transmission (WET) Trial: a randomised controlled trial. BMJ Open, 13(3), e068560.
Publication 2023
Adenoviruses, Human Bacteria Biohazards Biological Assay Campylobacter Child Commodes Cryptosporidium Enterovirus Escherichia coli Feces Giardia Hepatitis A virus Norovirus Nucleic Acids Pathogenicity Reverse Transcription Rotavirus Salmonella SARS-CoV-2 Shiga Toxin Shigella Sterility, Reproductive STX2 protein, human

Top products related to «Norovirus»

1
Qiaamp viral rna mini kit by Qiagen
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The QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the extraction and purification of viral RNA from various sample types. It utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to efficiently capture and isolate viral RNA, which can then be used for downstream applications such as RT-PCR analysis.
2
Qiaquick pcr purification kit by Qiagen
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The QIAquick PCR Purification Kit is a lab equipment product designed for the rapid purification of PCR (Polymerase Chain Reaction) amplicons. It utilizes a silica-membrane technology to efficiently capture and purify DNA fragments from PCR reactions, removing unwanted primers, nucleotides, and enzymes.
3
Onestep rt pcr kit by Qiagen
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Spain, Netherlands, Japan, Canada, France, Denmark, India, Switzerland
The OneStep RT-PCR kit is a laboratory reagent designed for the reverse transcription and amplification of RNA samples in a single reaction. It enables the conversion of RNA to complementary DNA (cDNA) and subsequent PCR amplification of the cDNA target sequence.
4
Qiaquick gel extraction kit by Qiagen
Sourced in Germany, United States, Netherlands, United Kingdom, Japan, Canada, France, Spain, China, Italy, India, Switzerland, Austria, Lithuania, Sweden, Australia
The QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit is a product designed for the purification of DNA fragments from agarose gels. It efficiently extracts and purifies DNA from gel slices after electrophoresis.
5
Bigdye terminator v3.1 cycle sequencing kit by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Canada, France, Poland, Malaysia, Australia, Lithuania, Italy, Switzerland, Denmark, Argentina, Norway, Netherlands, Singapore
The BigDye Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit is a reagent kit used for DNA sequencing. It contains the necessary components, including fluorescently labeled dideoxynucleotides, to perform the Sanger sequencing method.
6
Agpath id one step rt pcr kit by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany
The AgPath-ID One-Step RT-PCR Kit is a laboratory equipment product designed for reverse transcription and amplification of RNA targets in a single reaction. It is suitable for use in real-time PCR applications.
7
Magmax 96 viral rna isolation kit by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Australia
The MagMAX-96 Viral RNA Isolation Kit is a laboratory equipment product designed for the purification of viral RNA from various sample types. It utilizes magnetic bead-based technology to efficiently extract and isolate viral RNA for downstream applications.
8
Rneasy mini kit by Qiagen
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The RNeasy Mini Kit is a laboratory equipment designed for the purification of total RNA from a variety of sample types, including animal cells, tissues, and other biological materials. The kit utilizes a silica-based membrane technology to selectively bind and isolate RNA molecules, allowing for efficient extraction and recovery of high-quality RNA.
9
Raw 264.7 cells by American Type Culture Collection
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, China, Switzerland
RAW 264.7 cells are a mouse macrophage cell line derived from the ascites of a tumor induced by the Abelson murine leukemia virus. The cells are commonly used in research for studying macrophage function and immunology.
10
Qpcr norovirus gi gii typing kit by Takara Bio
Sourced in Japan
The QPCR Norovirus (GI/GII) Typing Kit is a real-time PCR-based assay designed for the detection and differentiation of Norovirus genogroups GI and GII. The kit includes all necessary reagents and controls for performing the assay.

More about "Norovirus"

Norovirus is a highly contagious virus that causes acute gastroenteritis, often referred to as the 'stomach flu.' It is the leading cause of viral gastroenteritis in both children and adults worldwide.
Norovirus infection is characterized by sudden onset of nausea, vomiting, diarrhea, and abdominal pain, and can lead to dehydration.
The virus is primarily transmitted through contact with contaminated surfaces, food, or water, as well as from person-to-person.
Effective prevention and management of Norovirus outbreaks is an important public health concern, requiring rapid identification of the virus and implementation of appropriate control measures.
Reasearch into Norovirus biology, epidemiology, and intervention strategies is crucial for improving outcomes and reducing the burden of this pervasive viral infection.
Enhance your Norovirus research with PubCompare.ai, the leading AI-driven protocol optimization platform.
Easily locate protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and utilize AI-driven comparisons to identify the best protocols and products for your Norovirus studies.
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Norovirus is also known as the 'winter vomiting bug' or 'stomach bug,' and can be detected using techniques like the QIAamp Viral RNA Mini Kit, QIAquick PCR Purification Kit, and OneStep RT-PCR kit.
The QIAquick Gel Extraction Kit and BigDye Terminator v3.1 Cycle Sequencing Kit can be used for further analysis, while the AgPath-ID One-Step RT-PCR Kit, MagMAX-96 Viral RNA Isolation Kit, and RNeasy Mini Kit are useful for sample preparation and RNA extraction.
RAW 264.7 cells are a common model for studying Norovirus, and the QPCR Norovirus (GI/GII) Typing Kit can be used for genotyping.