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Lighting

Lighting refers to the intentional use of light to achieve practical or aesthetic effects.
It encompasses the selection, placement, and control of light sources, as well as the design and application of lighting systems.
Lighting plays a crucial role in various fields, including architecture, interior design, stage and event management, photography, and task-oriented workspaces.
Effective lighting can enhance visibility, create mood and ambiance, highlight specific areas or features, and contribute to energy efficiency and sustainability.
The study of lighting involves considerations of illumination levels, color temperature, directionality, and the interplay of natural and artificial light sources.
Advances in lighting technology, such as LED and smart lighting systems, have expanded the possibilities for innovative and adaptable lighting solutions.
Researchers in the field of lighting strive to optimize lighting for improved visual comfort, productivity, and overall well-being. [Typo: "Lighitng" instead of "Lighting"]

Most cited protocols related to «Lighting»

A vaginal swab was collected using a cotton tipped swab (Puritan Medical Products Company, LLC Guilford, ME) wetted with ambient temperature physiological saline and inserted into the vagina of the restrained mouse. The swab was gently turned and rolled against the vaginal wall and then removed. Cells were transferred to a dry glass slide by rolling the swab across the slide. The slide was air dried and then stained with approximately 400 µL of stain (Accustain, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) for 45 seconds. The slides were rinsed with water, overlaid with a coverslip, and viewed immediately at 200× magnification under bright field illumination. The stage of the estrous cycle was determined based on the presence or absence of leukocytes, cornified epithelial, and nucleated epithelial cells according to Felicio, et al [9] (link).
When the female is in proestrus, mostly nucleated and some cornified epithelial cells are present. Some leukocytes may be present if the female is in early proestrus. As the stage of the cycle advances to estrus, mostly cornified epithelial cells are present. If the cycle is not interrupted by pregnancy, pseudopregnancy, or other phenomena, metestrus will begin. Metestrus is a brief stage when the corpora lutea form but fail to fully luteinize due to a lack of progesterone. The uterine lining will begin to slough and evidence of this is seen in the form of cornified eipithelial cells and polymorphonuclear leukocytes present in vaginal swabs. Some nucleated epithelia cells will also be present in late metestrus. Diestrus is the longest of the stages lasting more than 2 days. Vaginal swabs during diestrus show primarily polymorphonuclear leukocytes and a few epithelial cells during late diestrus. Leukocytes remain the predominant cell type having removed cellular debris. The cycle then repeats.
Publication 2012
Cells Corpus Luteum Diestrus Epithelial Cells Epithelioid Cells Estrous Cycle Estrus Gossypium Granulocyte Leukocytes Lighting Metestrus Mus Neoplasm Metastasis physiology Pregnancy Proestrus Progesterone Pseudocyesis Saline Solution Stains Uterus Vagina Vision Woman
C. reinhardtii wild-type strains CC-3269, CC-425, CC-125, and CC-1690 were cultured under 50 – 100 μmol m−2 s−1 illumination in Tris-Acetate-Phosphate (TAP) and Tris-Phosphate (TP) media with the specified trace element supplements. These strains may be obtained from the Chlamydomonas Resource Center at the University of Minnesota. For metal-free studies, all glassware was freshly washed in 6N hydrochloric acid and medium was made in Milli-Q (MILLIPORE) water (Quinn and Merchant, 1998 (link)).
Publication 2011
Acetate Chlamydomonas Dietary Supplements Hydrochloric acid Lighting Metals Phosphates Strains Trace Elements Tromethamine
On the day following the pretraining session(s), rats underwent five daily sessions of Pavlovian training. One minute after rats were placed into the chamber, illumination of the red house light signaled the beginning of the session, and the house light was left on throughout the entire session. The lever was inserted into the chamber for 8 s, and during this time the LED located behind the lever was illuminated. After 8 s the lever was retracted, the light extinguished, and a food pellet was immediately delivered into the adjacent food cup. Each training session consisted of twenty-five lever-pellet pairings using a VT-90 s schedule (i.e., presentation of the CS and US varied randomly between 30–150 s, with an average of 90 s). Each session lasted, on average, 37.5 min. Lever presses were recorded when the rats deflected the lever, and food cup entries were recorded as interruption of a photobeam across the entrance to the food cup. Note that pellet delivery occurred independent of the animal's behavior. Rats were returned to their home cages at the end of the session.
Publication 2012
Food Light Lighting Obstetric Delivery Rattus norvegicus
This study was conducted with 12 week old, male Albino Wistar rats having a body weight of 200 g, which were randomly assigned to six rats/group/interval. Rats were bred in-house at the Pharmacology Animal Facility, School of Medicine, Zagreb, Croatia. The animal facility was registered by the Directorate of Veterinary (Reg. No: HR-POK-007). Laboratory rats were acclimated for 5 days and randomly assigned to their respective treatment groups. Laboratory animals were housed in polycarbonate (PC) cages under conventional laboratory conditions at 20–24 °C, relative humidity of 40–70%, and noise level of 60 dB. Each cage was identified with dates, number of the study, group, dose, number, and sex of each animal. Fluorescent lighting provided illumination for 12 h per day. A standard Good Laboratory Practice (GLP) diet and fresh water were provided ad libitum. Animal care was in compliance with the standard operating procedures (SOPs) of the animal facility and the European Convention for the Protection of Vertebrate Animals used for Experimental and other Scientific Purposes (ETS 123). This study was approved (Number: 641-01/17-02101; Date: 02 November 2017 (by the local ethics committee. Ethical principles of the study complied with the European Directive 010/63/E, the Law on Amendments to the Animal Protection Act (Official Gazette 37/13), the Animal Protection Act (Official Gazette 135/06), the ordinance on the protection of animals used for scientific purposes (Official Gazette 55/13), recommendations of the Federation of European Laboratory Animal Science Associations (FELASA), and the recommendations of the Ethics Committee of the School of Medicine, University of Zagreb. The experiments were assessed by observers blinded to the treatment.
Publication 2021
Albinism Animals Animals, Laboratory Body Weight Conferences DB 60 Ethics Committees Europeans Humidity Lighting Males Pharmaceutical Preparations polycarbonate Rats, Laboratory Rats, Wistar Rattus norvegicus Regional Ethics Committees Vertebrates
We conducted two separate experiments for this paper, the first using Canton S (CS) wild type males (N = 8) and the second using females from both a CASK-β null (CASKP18) (DAM CASK-β N = 30, Track CASK-β N = 30) and a precise excision strain as a wild type genetic control line (CASKP33) (DAM Control N = 30, Track Control N = 29) [19] (link). All flies were raised on a cornmeal-sucrose-agar food in a 25°C incubator with a 12-hr Light/Dark cycle and were 3–5 days old at the start of each experiment. Flies were loaded under CO2 anesthesia into individual glass tubes. Each tube contained an agar/sucrose food plug sufficient to sustain the fly for the duration of the experiment. The tubes were sealed with parafilm at both ends to allow for the fly to be tracked all the way to the end of the tube without visual obstruction. For tracking, the tubes were taped to a piece of white office paper, providing a high visual contrast field against the dark fly and transparent glass tube (Figure 1B). The paper was positioned inside of an incubator under a USB video camera (Logitech, Quickcam for Notebooks). A red compact fluorescent bulb and red LEDs, emitting a wavelength of light not detected well by the fly visual system [4] (link) and incapable of entraining per01 flies (N.D. unpublished observations), were placed into the incubator to provide enough light for the camera to maintain an image when the white lights were off during the night. While Gilestro and Cirelli [20] (link) used infrared (IR) lighting to follow flies in the dark, we achieved better contrast and illumination with red LEDs while also avoiding the excessive heat that we found was generated from the IR emitters. Flies were also loaded into DAM boards as previously described for collecting beam-cross data [21] (link), and run in parallel to the Tracker flies in the same incubator. Data were collected following three days of light∶dark (LD) entrainment to a 12 h∶12 h cycle.
Publication 2012
Agar Anesthesia Diptera Females Food Gene Expression Regulation Light Lighting Males Plant Bulb Strains Sucrose

Most recents protocols related to «Lighting»

Not available on PMC !

Example 6

FIG. 26 shows an annotated photograph of an ordered pattern of optically clear microdots (transparent light extraction features 8) printed on a surface of light guiding sheet 10 using a transparent UV-curable ink. The microdots in this print had elongated shapes generally aligned parallel to the X axis.

Example 7

Similarly, FIG. 27 shows an annotated photograph of optically clear microdots (transparent light extraction features 8) that were printed using the same type of ink as in the Example 6 but also using a lower density of the pattern (greater spacing distances SPD between adjacent microdots).

Patent 2024
Epistropheus Light Lighting
Not available on PMC !

Example 116

[Figure (not displayed)]

X-Phodamine PH-sensor 162. Aldehyde 159 (0.336 g, 1.0 mmol), 8-hydroxyjullolidine (0.416 g, 2.2 mmol), and 10-camphorsulfonic acid (20 mg, catalyst) were stirred for 18 h in propionic acid (10 mL) at 65-70° C., cooled to rt and poured into aqueous 3N NaOAc (200 mL) and sat. NaHCO3 (10 mL). The mixture was extracted with CHCl3 (7×40 mL), extract was washed with brine (200 mL), filtered through paper filter, and evaporated to give a crude dihydro derivative 161. A sample of this compound (40 mg, 0.06 mmol) was vigorously stirred in CHCl3 (50 mL) with Bengal Rose (10 mg, catalyst) in an open beaker under the sunlamp illumination for 18 h. After evaporation the residue was purified by preparative TLC on two silica gel plates using 7% H2O in MeCN as eluant to give compound 162 (11 mg, 24%) as a dark red solid.

Patent 2024
10-camphorsulfonic acid 11-dehydrocorticosterone Aldehydes Anabolism Bicarbonate, Sodium brine Chloroform Lighting propionic acid Rhodamine Rose Bengal Silica Gel
Not available on PMC !

Example 1

Example 1 is an example in which noise resulting from flare and the like that occur under high illumination light is removed as a noise event (false event). In Example 1, in a case where in the pixel array section 21 of the event detection sensor 20, a plurality of successive pixels that is equal to or greater than a predetermined number of pixels detects the occurrence of an event in a certain period, this event is removed as a noise event (false event), and event information derived from dot pattern light with which a subject is irradiated from the vertical cavity surface emitting laser 10 is read as a true event.

Signal processing according to Example 1 is executed as one of signal processing of the signal processor 60 illustrated in FIG. 1B. Accordingly, the signal processor 60 has a filtering function of removing, as a noise event, noise resulting from flare and the like that occur under high illumination light. FIG. 12 illustrates an example of a circuit configuration for implementing the signal processing according to Example 1.

As illustrated in FIG. 12, in the signal processing according to Example 1, a configuration is adopted in which in the pixel array section 21 of the event detection sensor 20, that is, a pixel arrangement in a matrix form, for example, five successive pixels in a row direction is regarded as a unit in which noise resulting from flare and the like that occur under high illumination light is detected as a noise event, and an arithmetic circuit 41 is included for each of the units. The arithmetic circuit 41 detects that an event has occurred in a certain period in five successive pixels 30 in the same row. In response to a detection result of the arithmetic circuit 41, the signal processor 60 performs processing of removing the event that has occurred in the five successive pixels in the row direction as a noise event resulting from flare and the like that occur under high illumination light.

It is to be noted that, five successive pixels in one pixel row here are regarded as a unit that detects a noise event; however, the unit is not limited to five pixels, and may include four successive pixels or six or more successive pixels, or the unit is not limited to one pixel row, and may be a group of successive pixels in a plurality of rows in the row direction.

In addition, the configuration is not limited to a configuration in which in the pixel arrangement in a matrix form, successive pixels in the row direction are regarded as the unit, but a configuration may be adopted in which successive pixels in a column direction are regarded as the unit as illustrated in FIG. 13. Even in this case, the number of successive pixels is not limited to five pixels, and the unit is not limited to one pixel column, and may be a group of successive pixels in a plurality of columns in the column direction. In addition, as illustrated in FIG. 14, a configuration may be adopted in which a group of successive pixels in a diagonal direction is regarded as the unit. Furthermore, a configuration may be adopted in which a group of successive pixels in the row direction, the column direction, and the diagonal direction is regarded as the unit. That is, in the pixel array section 21 of the event detection sensor 20, it is sufficient if a group of successive pixels in at least one direction of the row direction, the column direction, or the diagonal direction is regarded as the unit.

As described above, according to the signal processing according to Example 1, it is possible to remove a noise event resulting from flare and the like that occur under high illumination light and read, as a true event, event information derived from dot pattern light with which a subject is irradiated from the vertical cavity surface emitting laser 10, which makes it possible to reduce a burden on later signal processing.

FIG. 15A schematically illustrates noise events N1 to N3 resulting from flare and the like in a case where the sun is in a background. The noise event N1 that occurs linearly in the row direction is detectable by a group of successive pixels in the row direction illustrated in FIG. 12. The noise event N2 that occurs linearly in the diagonal direction is detectable by a group of successive pixels in the diagonal direction illustrated in FIG. 14. The noise event N3 that occurs linearly in the column direction is detectable by a group of successive pixels in the row direction illustrated in FIG. 13 Accordingly, a configuration is preferable in which pixels are successive in the row direction, the column direction, and the diagonal direction in order to detect noise events that occur linearly (in a linear form) in all directions.

It is to be noted that here, whether the event information is true or false is determined with use of the arithmetic circuit 41 by hardware, which is only one example, and such determination is not limited to determination by signal processing using the arithmetic circuit 41. For example, it is possible to determine whether the event information is true or false by software in a cycle of a certain period by storing event information outputted from each pixel 30 of the event detection sensor 20 in a certain period.

A flowchart in FIG. 15B illustrates an example of a signal processing method of an object recognition system of the present disclosure that is executed by software. In the signal processor 60, output of five successive pixels 30 in the same row is first acquired (step S1), and then whether or not an event has occurred in a certain period is determined (step S2). Thereafter, in a case where the event has occurred in the certain period (YES in S2), the event is removed as a noise event (step S3), and in a case where the event has not occurred in the certain period (NO in S2), the event is read as event information (true event) derived from dot pattern light with which a subject is irradiated (step S4).

In addition, in the signal processing according to Example 1, it is assumed that the noise events N1 to N3 resulting from flare and the like occur linearly (in a linear form), and a configuration is adopted in which groups of pixels that detect the noise events are provided linearly in the row direction, the column direction, or the diagonal direction; however, a configuration may be adopted in which the shapes of the noise events resulting from flare and the like are learned by machine learning and groups of successive pixels are provided corresponding to a learning result.

Patent 2024
Dental Caries Light Lighting
Not available on PMC !

Example 4

FIG. 24 shows an annotated photograph of an ordered light extraction pattern of semi-opaque microdots printed on a broad-area surface (exemplifying surface 11) of a planar acrylic sheet (exemplifying light guiding sheet 10). Each of the printed microdots forms a discrete light extraction feature on the surface (exemplifying individual light extraction feature 8). The light extraction pattern was printed using a semi-opaque UV-curable white ink containing TiO2 particles in concentrations from 5% to 15% by weight. The printed pattern had a fixed pitch in both X and Y directions and included microdots of different sizes. At least some of the larger light extraction features 8 were formed by individual microdrops each having a volume of around 40,000 cubic micrometers.

Example 5

FIG. 25 shows an annotated photograph exemplifying a random pattern of light extraction features 8 printed using the same type of ink and printing hardware as in the Example 4. The resulting printed pattern of FIG. 25 included a random mix of different shapes (including regular, quasi-regular, round, elongated, irregular and highly irregular shapes), orientation and sizes.

Patent 2024
Cuboid Bone Light Lighting
The experiment was carried out using a newly established clonal strain of C. socialis, APC12, genotyped by sequencing the LSU rDNA region ([21 ]). A non-axenic stock has been maintained in a culture chamber at 18 ± 2 °C, under sinusoidal illumination (12L:12D h photoperiod, ~ 90 μmol photons·m−2· s−1 daily average) in control medium made with artificial seawater at a salinity of 36 (Sea salts, Sigma-Aldrich; [21 ]) and with the following concentration of inorganic nutrients: 580 μM of NaNO3, 300 μM of Na2SiO3 and 29 μM of NaH2PO4. An exponentially growing culture was used to inoculate, at an initial cell density of ~ 3 × 103 cells·mL−1, three 5 L glass flasks filled with 3 L of control medium and three flasks filled with low nitrate medium (23 μM of NaNO3, 300 μM Na2SiO3, 29 μM NaH2PO4). Temperature and light conditions were monitored during the experiment with a HOBO Pendant® Temperature/Light Data Logger. To estimate cell concentration, 4 mL of sample were collected every day, fixed with 1.6% formaldehyde solution, and vegetative cells and spores were enumerated using a Sedgwick-Rafter chamber on a Zeiss Axiophot (ZEISS, Oberkochen, Germany) microscope at 400 × magnification.
Total RNA was extracted from each replicate of the control in mid-exponential growth phase at day 2 (C2) and from the replicates growing in N deplete conditions on three consecutive days: before the formation of spores (T2), when spore formation started (T3), and when they reached > 75% of the whole population (T4) (Fig. 6). A total of ~ 1.2 × 107 cells were harvested from each replicate by filtration onto 1.2 μm pore size filters (RAWP04700 Millipore) and extracted with Trizol™ (Invitrogen) following manufacturer’s instructions. A DNase I (Qiagen) treatment was applied to remove gDNA contamination, and RNA was further purified using RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen). All samples were quantified with Qubit® 2.0 Fluorometer (Invitrogen) and quality checked with an Agilent 2100 bioanalyzer (Agilent Technologies, California, USA) and a NanoDrop ND-1000 Spectrophotometer (Nanodrop Tecnologies Inc., Wilmington, USA). Samples were then pooled in equal concentrations of 100 ng·μl−1 for sequencing at the Molecular Service of Stazione Zoologica with an Ion Proton™ sequencer (Life Technologies, Carlsbad, USA) using an Ion P1 sequencing Kit v2, generating single-read sequences. Highly abundant ribosomal RNAs (rRNA) were removed from total RNA by positive polyA + selection. Raw reads coming from each replicate were collected in fastqc format files. One of the T3 replicates was removed from downstream analyses due to a sequencing error during library construction. The resulting raw reads were deposited in the Sequence Read Archive (SRA) partition at NCBI with the accession number PRJNA826817.

Schematic representation of the bioinformatic pipeline used in this study

Publication 2023
Cells Clone Cells Deoxyribonuclease I DNA, Ribosomal DNA Library DNA Replication Filtration Formalin Light Lighting Microscopy Nitrates Nutrients Plants Poly A Protons Ribosomal RNA Salinity Salts Sinusoidal Beds Spores Strains trizol

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More about "Lighting"

Illumination, Luminaire, Luminosity, Brightness, Radiance, Glow, Luminescence, Lumen, Lux, CRI, Color Temperature, Directionality, Angle, Reflection, Refraction, Diffusion, Ambient Light, Task Lighting, Accent Lighting, LED, Halogen, Incandescent, Smart Lighting, Automation, Sensors, Photometry, Radiometry, Visual Comfort, Productivity, Energy Efficiency, Sustainability, Architecture, Interior Design, Photography, Stage Lighting, Workplace Lighting, EthoVision XT, MATLAB, Operant Chambers, Rose Bengal, KL1500 LCD, Operant Conditioning Chambers, EthoVision XT 8.5, CR-400, Med-PC Software, C57BL/6J Mice