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Gingival Index

The Gingival Index is a quantitative measure used to assess the severity and prevalence of gingivitis.
It evaluates the degree of gingival inflammation by visually inspecting the gingiva and assigning a numerical score.
Researchers leveraging the Gingival Index can track changes in gingival health over time and evaluate the efficacy of oral hygiene interventions.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform helps optimze Gingival Index research protocols by providing easy access to the latest literature, preprints, and patents.
Leveraging AI-powered analysis, researchers can enhance their Gingival Index studies and identify the best protocols and products.
Experiecne the power of PubCompare.ai today to take your Gingival Index research to new heights.

Most cited protocols related to «Gingival Index»

1
Evaluating Periodontal Surgical Outcomes
After 10 days of the surgery, the dressings and sutures were carefully removed without hampering the healing of soft tissue, and the surgical site was irrigated with normal saline. Inquiry regarding postsurgical procedure was made, and patient satisfaction scores were recorded. Recall appointment of the patient was made after 3 and 6 months [Figure 5a–c]. At each visit, oral hygiene instructions were reinforced. Supragingival scaling was done if required. Postoperative clinical parameters were recorded on recall appointments.
Clinical parameters recorded were plaque index (PI)[11 (link)] and gingival index (GI)[12 (link)] at selected teeth; vertical gingival recession (VGR), horizontal gingival recession (HGR) at CEJ, probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL), measurement of gingival thickness (GT), width of attached gingiva (AG), and width of keratinized gingiva (KG), as detailed in Agarwal et al.[13 (link)]
The gingival thickness was recorded using transgingival probing (TGP) as mentioned by Vandana and Savitha.[14 (link)] The gingival thickness was assessed midbuccally in the attached gingival (GT-MB), half way between the mucogingival junction and free gingival groove and at the base of the interdental papilla. The gingival thickness was assessed by anesthetizing the facial gingiva with lignocaine spray (lignocaine 15.0 g [nummit spray]) and infiltration using 2% lignocaine HCl with 1:200,000 adrenaline injection; using a UNC-15 probe with a rubber stopper, the gingival thickness was assessed 20 min after injection. The readings on the probe were transferred to a digital Vernier caliper to measure the gingival thickness [Figure 6a and b].
Kumar A., Bains V.K., Jhingran R., Srivastava R., Madan R, & Rizvi I. (2017). Patient-centered Microsurgical Management of Gingival Recession using Coronally Advanced Flap with Either Platelet-rich Fibrin or Connective Tissue Graft: A Comparative Analysis. Contemporary Clinical Dentistry, 8(2), 293-304.
Publication 2017
Dressings Epinephrine Face Fingers Gingiva Gingival Index Gingival Recession Interdental Papilla Lidocaine Lidocaine Hydrochloride Mental Recall Normal Saline Operative Surgical Procedures Patient Appointments Rubber Sutures Tissues Tooth
2
Gingival Sample Collection from Healthy, Gingivitis, and Periodontitis Patients
Human gingiva was obtained from 10 periodontally healthy donors (mean age: 23.6 ± 1.7 years, min–max: 18–36 years; gender: 3 male/7 female), 10 gingivitis subjects (mean age: 31.4 ± 4.7 years, min–max: 17–66 years; gender: 7 male/3 female), and 10 periodontitis patients (mean age: 56.7 ± 5.5 years, min–max: 29–81 years; gender: 7 male/3 female). Exclusion criteria were presence of systemic diseases or medications as well as smoking. Sites were categorized into three groups according to the gingival index (GI), probing pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment level (CAL), and radiographic bone loss. Periodontally healthy sites were characterized by GI = 0 (no clinical inflammation), PD ≤ 3 mm, no CAL, and no radiographic bone loss. Sites with gingivitis had a GI > 1 (clinical inflammation), but also no periodontal pockets, attachment loss, and radiographic bone loss. Sites of periodontitis had also a GI > 1 and, additionally, PD ≥ 5 mm, CAL ≥ 3 mm, and radiographic bone loss. Gingiva was harvested during wisdom teeth removals or teeth extractions for orthodontic or periodontal reasons in the Department of Oral Surgery of the University of Bonn. Written informed consent and approval of the Ethics Committee of the University of Bonn were obtained (#043/11).
Damanaki A., Nokhbehsaim M., Eick S., Götz W., Winter J., Wahl G., Jäger A., Jepsen S, & Deschner J. (2014). Regulation of NAMPT in Human Gingival Fibroblasts and Biopsies. Mediators of Inflammation, 2014, 912821.
Publication 2014
Donors Ethics Committees Gingiva Gingival Index Gingivitis Homo sapiens Inflammation Males Oral Surgical Procedures Osteopenia Patients Periodontal Pocket Periodontitis Periodontium Pharmaceutical Preparations Third Molars Tooth Extraction Woman X-Rays, Diagnostic
3
Comprehensive Dental Assessment of Children in Schools
The examinations were conducted at schools from March 16th to June 30th, 2009 and were interrupted by a month-long strike by teachers. A dental unit with a functioning operation light and a three-way syringe was available in two schools. In the remaining four schools a portable examination bed and a portable source of operating light were available, while a portable compressor provided pressurised air. Each examiner was assisted by a trained recorder.
All participating children were submitted to the following sequence of examinations: assessment of toothache, assessment of plaque according to the visible plaque index [11 (link)], assessment of gingival condition according to the gingival bleeding index [12 (link)], classification of pits and fissure morphology for first permanent molars [13 (link)], caries diagnosis according to ICDAS II in primary and permanent teeth, measurement of the size of dentinal cavities in primary teeth and consequences of untreated cavities in accordance with the pufa/PUFA index [14 (link)].
After the assessment of visible plaque and gingival bleeding, children had their teeth brushed by the examiner. No toothpaste was used, in line with the instructions of the ICDAS Committee. Proximal tooth surfaces were also flossed, as it was observed during the calibration exercise that this procedure would enable the examiner to better evaluate these surfaces. Any remaining debris was removed with the WHO probe and/or gauze.
de Amorim R.G., Figueiredo M.J., Leal S.C., Mulder J, & Frencken J.E. (2011). Caries experience in a child population in a deprived area of Brazil, using ICDAS II. Clinical Oral Investigations, 16(2), 513-520.
Publication 2011
Child Deciduous Tooth Dental Caries Dental Plaque Dental Pulp Cavity Dentition, Adult Diagnosis Gingival Diseases Gingival Index Light Molar Physical Examination Polyunsaturated Fatty Acids Syringes Tooth Toothache Toothpaste Van der Woude syndrome
4
Propolis Mouthrinse for Plaque and Gingivitis
The present study was carried out to investigate the effectiveness of a propolis-containing mouthrinse in inhibition of plaque formation and improvement of gingival health. This clinical study was conducted in Department of Periodontics, I.T.S.-C.D.S.R., Muradnagar, Ghaziabad, Uttar Pradesh. The study was designed as a single blind three-group parallel study of 5-day de novo plaque formation. Three mouthrinses were compared: The test mouthrinse containing the active ingredient propolis [Figures 1–4], a placebo mouthrinse (saline) and a positive control mouthwash - chlorhexidine. Inclusion criteria were – 30 patients with age group of 18 to 50 years with chronic generalized gingivitis, patient free from systemic illness. Exclusion criteria were pregnant and nursing patients, inability to comply with the follow-up visit requirements, and patients receiving concurrent antibiotic treatment for any other purpose. Parameters noted were- Plaque index (Turesky-Gilmore, 1970) at baseline and at a five-day interval, gingival index (Loe and sillness, 1963) at baseline and at a five-day interval. Comparative photographs of the three group patients are shown in Figures 5–7.
Thirty subjects were selected and randomly assigned into three groups of ten subjects each, which received a propolis-containing mouthrinse, or a negative control (Saline) or a positive control (Chlorhexidine 0.2%). Three weeks prior to commencing the study, all subjects had their teeth professionally scaled and polished. Oral hygiene instructions were given in an attempt to improve their oral hygiene before entry into the study. Plaque index (Turesky-Gilmore, 1970) and gingival index (Loe and Sillness, 1963) were assessed at baseline and at a five-day interval.
The mouthrinses were allocated according to groups to ensure balance. All subjects were instructed to rinse two times a day with the mouthrinse for one min and to refrain from all other oral hygiene measures until the final examination, five days later. At the final examination plaque and gingival scores were recorded as previously. The data was then subjected to statistical analysis.
Dodwad V, & Kukreja B.J. (2011). Propolis mouthwash: A new beginning. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 15(2), 121-125.
Publication 2011
Age Groups Antibiotics Chlorhexidine Dental Plaque Gingiva Gingival Index Gingivitis Mouthwashes Patients Placebos Propolis Psychological Inhibition Saline Solution Tooth
5
Comprehensive Periodontal Assessment Protocol
In all study participants, periodontal status was assessed via plaque index (PI) [25 (link)], gingival index (GI) [26 (link)], papilla bleeding index (PIB) [27 ], probing depth (PD) and clinical attachment level (CAL). We utilized the same indices in our earlier studies, as empirical evidence indicated that they are most representative of periodontium conditions [28 (link),29 (link),30 (link)]. Measurements were performed on mesio-buccal, disto-buccal, mid-buccal and mid-lingual tooth surfaces using Michigan ‘O’ probe with William’s markings. All measurements were performed by the same periodontist.
Veljovic T., Djuric M., Mirnic J., Gusic I., Maletin A., Ramic B., Neskovic I., Vukoje K, & Brkic S. (2022). Lipid Peroxidation Levels in Saliva and Plasma of Patients Suffering from Periodontitis. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 11(13), 3617.
Publication 2022
Cheek Gingival Diseases Gingival Index Nipples Periodontists Periodontium Tongue Tooth

Most recents protocols related to «Gingival Index»

1
Oral and Gut Microbiome Profiles in Healthy Individuals
All clinical experiments (recruitment of participants and clinical samples collection) conducted for this study were approved by the Institutional Review Board of Dankook University Hospital (IRB numbers: 2020-10-015). Of those 22 years or older who visited the Department of Periodontics, 112 patients without oral disease participated in this study (Table 1). Each participant was classified into healthy oral group after being tested for oral environmental conditions and whether or not it is a dental disease through a simple survey and interview including medical history with the dentist prior to a clinical study. The criteria for exclusion from the clinical test were as follows: patients who refused to participate in this study, with severe mental disorders, had systemic diseases with potential dental disease effects, drug abuse, were pregnant, had taken took antibiotics within the past 6 months, or had active dental treatments (including scaling, root planning). All clinical examinations on healthy subjects were performed by a dentist, in which pocket depth (PD), clinical attachment loss (CAL), gingival index (GI), and plaque index (PI) were measured through the full arch.

Clinical information of experimental participant group.

CharacteristicParticipants
Sex 
Male67
Female45
Age (years)38.11a ± 15.15
Clinical samples 
Gut (stool sample number)112
Oral (saliva sample number)112
Clinical examination 
PD (mm)2.08 ± 0.51
CAL (mm)2.14 ± 0.59
GI0.15 ± 0.47
PI0.42 ± 0.71

aValues are presented as mean ± standard deviation.

PD, probing depth; CAL, clinical attachment loss; GI, gingival index; PI, plaque index.

Jeong J., Ahn K., Mun S., Yun K., Kim Y.T., Jung W., Lee K.E., Kim M.Y., Ahn Y, & Han K. (2023). Understanding the bacterial compositional network associations between oral and gut microbiome within healthy Koreans. Journal of Oral Microbiology, 15(1), 2186591.
Publication 2023
Antibiotics Dental Care Dental Diseases Dentist Drug Abuse Feces Gingival Index Healthy Volunteers Mental Disorders, Severe Mouth Diseases Patients Physical Examination Saliva Specimen Collection Tooth Root
2
Periodontal Health Assessment Protocol
Upon confirmation of eligibility for enrollment in the study, clinical periodontal measurements including probing pocket depth (PPD) (mm), clinical attachment loss (CAL) (mm), plaque index (PI) [26 (link)], gingival index (GI) [27 (link)], and bleeding on probing (BOP) (presence/absence) (%) [28 (link)] were recorded from all participants (test and control) during their visit to the Periodontology Department at timepoint 2. Clinical periodontal measurements were performed at six sites on each tooth (mesio-buccal, mid-buccal, disto-buccal, mesio-lingual, mid-lingual, and disto-lingual locations), except for third molars, using a manual periodontal probe (Williams, Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA) by a single trained examiner (AS). Intra-examiner agreement was determined for CAL. The intra-examiner reproducibility was determined through repeated examinations of 10 subjects with a one-hour interval (k = 0.95).
Diagnosis of periodontal disease was based on clinical and radiographic criteria proposed by 2017 World Workshop on the Classifications of Periodontal and Peri-implant Disease and Conditions [29 (link)]. Individuals with a BOP < 10% without attachment loss and radiographic bone loss were considered to have periodontal health [30 (link)]. Individuals presenting with a BOP ≥ 10%, and PPD ≤ 3 mm without attachment loss and radiographic bone loss were considered gingivitis [31 (link)]. The criteria for patients with periodontitis were (1) interdental CAL detectable at ≥ 2 non-adjacent teeth or (2) buccal or oral CAL ≥ 3 mm with PPD > 3 mm detectable at ≥ 2 teeth [32 (link)]. The periodontal examiner was not blind to the test or control status.
Sari A., Dikmen N.K, & Nibali L. (2023). Association between periodontal diseases and COVID-19 infection: a case–control study with a longitudinal arm. Odontology, 111(4), 1009-1017.
Publication 2023
Cheek Diagnosis Eligibility Determination Gingival Index Gingivitis Osteopenia Patients Periodontal Diseases Periodontitis Periodontium Physical Examination Third Molars Tongue Tooth Tooth Loss Visually Impaired Persons X-Rays, Diagnostic
3
Autogenous vs. Allogenic Bone Grafts for Implant Placement
The present pilot study was conducted from January 2020 to June 2021 at the outpatient Department of Periodontology, of our institute in accordance with the Helsinki Declaration of 1975, as revised in 2013 and was registered at Clinical Trial Registry of India. A written informed consent was obtained from all the participating patients. The study was also approved by Institutional Ethics Committee.
A total of 20 patients in the age range of 20–50 years were enrolled for the study and were fully informed about the surgical procedure and treatment alternatives. Patients were randomly divided into two groups using simple randomization method by computer-generated numbers to reduce potential bias involved.

Group I – Patients treated using autogenous bone block graft (n = 10)

Group II –Patients treated using allogenic DFDBA bone block graft (n = 10).

The inclusion criterion mandated systemically healthy patients requiring dental implant placement, presence of a clinically relevant bone atrophy of the alveolar ridge in the predominantly horizontal and/or vertical plane as identified by cone beam computed tomography (CBCT). The minimum defect size of ≤3 mm at crestal and middle sites of bucco-palatal dimension of residual alveolar ridge, edentulous space of a single tooth missing in the maxillary anterior region were included. The exclusion criteria consisted of a history of radiotherapy in the head and neck region, existing severe periodontal disease, bruxism, smoking habit or alcoholism, pregnancy, psychiatric problems, and/or use of medications known to alter bone healing.
After screening, radiographic examination including CBCT analysis was carried out before undergoing the surgical procedure. The patients underwent a thorough initial periodontal examination including the plaque index, gingival index, and probing depth. The preoperative CBCT measurements are as follows:
The alveolar bone levels were measured in their height, width, and depth at the cervical, middle, and apical level taking adjacent teeth as reference [Figure 1].
Bawankar P.V., Kolte A.P, & Kolte R.A. (2023). Patient-centered outcome measures comparing the autogenous and allogenic bone blocks in the augmentation of deficient alveolar ridges: A pilot study. Journal of Indian Society of Periodontology, 27(1), 87-94.
Publication 2023
Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic Alveolar Bone Loss Bones Bone Transplantation Bruxism Cardiac Arrest Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Gingival Index Head Implant, Dental Institutional Ethics Committees Maxilla Neck Operative Surgical Procedures Outpatients Patients Periodontal Diseases Periodontium Pharmaceutical Preparations Pregnancy Radiotherapy Ridge, Alveolar Tooth Tooth Loss X-Rays, Diagnostic
4
Papilla Reconstruction in Anterior Esthetics
The inclusion criteria were: Patients with esthetic concern; complaining of food lodgment in the anterior embrasure; with Class I and Class II papillary loss (Nordland and Tarnow classification, 1982); having adequate width of attached gingiva; within age group of 18–45 years; with plaque index <1 (Turesky, Gilmore and Glickman Modification of Quigley Hein 1970); and gingival index <1 at the involved sites (Loe and Silness 1967). The sites with a distance ≤7 mm from the interdental contact point to the interproximal bone crest and a probing depth of ≤4 mm at the defective papillary sites were considered for inclusion. For split mouth cases, the two interdental spaces had to not be adjacent, to avoid potential paracrine effects of the substances investigated. Patients excluded from the study were those that received radiotherapy, chemotherapy, immunosuppressive treatments, systemic corticosteroids and/or anticoagulants the 30 days prior to intervention; having known history of allergy, systemic or blood borne diseases; prolonged treatment with non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs (NSAIDs) or similar medications; smokers; lactating or pregnant females; presence of composite and prosthetic restoration in maxillary anterior region; undergoing orthodontic treatment; having high frenum attachment; having midline diastema; and having any inability to take part in the investigation and comply with the required follow-up procedures. Sites with Nordland and Tarnow Class III papillary loss, sites with underlining intraosseous defects and implant sites were also excluded.
Bal A., Panda S., Mohanty R., Satpathy A., Nayak R., Tumedei M., Argenta F., Colapinto G., Del Fabbro M, & Annunziata M. (2023). Effectiveness of Hyaluronic Acid Gel Injection with and without PRGF for Management of Interdental Papillary Loss: A Randomized Clinical Trial. Journal of Functional Biomaterials, 14(2), 114.
Publication 2023
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Age Groups Anti-Inflammatory Agents, Non-Steroidal Anticoagulants Blood-Borne Infections Bones Crista Ampullaris Food Gingiva Gingival Index Hypersensitivity Immunosuppressive Agents Maxilla Oral Cavity Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacotherapy Pregnant Women Radiotherapy
5
Periodontal Status Evaluation Protocol
The periodontal status of the subjects’ lower incisors was clinically evaluated in each phase of the study using the classification proposed by Xu Y. et al. [23 (link)]. The parameters used for the evaluation were tooth mobility and the gingival index, with scores between 0 and 3. For tooth mobility, the scores were given as follows: 0 = absence of mobility, 1 = low mobility (in buccal-lingual direction), 2 = moderate mobility (buccal-lingual and mesial-distal directions), and 3 = severe mobility (in axial direction).
The gingival index was clinically assessed by observing the surface texture of the gingiva and the colour changes caused by inflammation, and by gentle probing with a CP-15 periodontal probe (Medesy, Maniago, Italy). The scores were given as follows: 0 = normal aspect of gingiva, 1 = mild inflammation (discreet colour changes, oedema, no bleeding on probing), 2 = moderate inflammation (redness, oedema, change in surface texture, bleeding on probing), and 3 = severe inflammation (tendency of spontaneous bleeding).
Andrei V., Andrei S., Gal A.F., Rus V., Gherman L.M., Boșca B.A., Niculae M., Barabas R., Cadar O., Dinte E., Muntean D.M., Peștean C.P., Rotar H., Boca A., Chiș A., Tăut M., Candrea S, & Ilea A. (2023). Immunomodulatory Effect of Novel Electrospun Nanofibers Loaded with Doxycycline as an Adjuvant Treatment in Periodontitis. Pharmaceutics, 15(2), 707.
Publication 2023
Blood Coagulation Disorders Cheek Edema Erythema Gingiva Gingival Index Incisor Inflammation Periodontium Range of Motion, Articular Tongue Tooth Mobility

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1
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More about "Gingival Index"

The Gingival Index is a widely used quantitative measure for assessing the severity and prevalence of gingivitis, a common form of gum disease.
This index involves visually inspecting the gums (gingiva) and assigning a numerical score to evaluate the degree of gingival inflammation.
Researchers often leverage the Gingival Index to track changes in gingival health over time and evaluate the effectiveness of oral hygiene interventions, such as brushing and flossing.
To optimize Gingival Index research protocols, researchers can utilize the AI-driven platform provided by PubCompare.ai.
This platform allows easy access to the latest literature, preprints, and patents related to the Gingival Index and related topics, such as the UNC-15 periodontal probe, Williams periodontal probe, and Romexis Intra oral X-Ray.
By leveraging the AI-powered analysis capabilities of PubCompare.ai, researchers can enhance their Gingival Index studies and identify the best protocols and products for their research.
This can include exploring synonyms and related terms like 'PCP-UNC 15', 'UNC-15', 'Periodontal probe', and 'Conventional periodontal probe'.
Experiecne the power of PubCompare.ai today to take your Gingival Index research to new heights and stay ahead of the curve in this important area of oral health research.