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Desiccation

Desiccation is the process of removing or reducing the water content of a substance, often used in research and industry to preserve materials or study the effects of water loss.
This term encompasses techniques such as air-drying, freeze-drying, and chemical dehydration.
Desiccation is a crucial aspect of many fields, including biology, chemistry, and engineering, as it can impact the physical, chemical, and biological properties of substances.
Understanding and optimizing desiccation protocols is important for a wide range of applications, from food preservation to the development of advanced materials.
Researches in this area often utilize tools like PubCompare.ai to effortlessly locate and compare desiccation protocols from the literature, pre-prints, and patents, helping to streamline their research process and identify the most effective methods.

Most cited protocols related to «Desiccation»

The focus of this analysis was the Internalized AIDS-Related Stigma Scale, a six-item scale designed to measure the construct of internalized stigma [28 (link)]. Each item offers a binary (yes/no) response, and the total scale score is computed as the sum of the items. Internalized stigma represents the outcome of a process through which PLWHA accept their discredited status (imposed by the majority group) as valid and develop self-defacing internal representations of themselves [29 (link)]. Our use of a scale for one specific aspect of stigma, rather than a scale designed to more comprehensively measure different aspects of stigma [27 (link), 30 (link)], was driven largely by practical concerns about the overall length of the survey instrument.
The UARTO psychosocial assessments also sought to measure several potentially related constructs, including self-blame for HIV status, depression symptom severity, enacted stigma, health-related quality of life, and HIV-related symptom burden. We measured self-blame by asking participants whether they agreed (yes/no) with the statement, “It is my own fault that I am HIV-positive.” To measure depression symptom severity, we used the 15-item Hopkins Symptom Checklist for Depression [31 (link)]. Following prior studies of depression in Uganda, we modified the depression scale for the local context by adding a 16th item, “feeling like I don’t care about my health” [32 ]. Each item is scored on a four-point Likert-type scale ranging from 1 to 4, and the total scale score is computed as the average of the 16 items. To assess enacted stigma, which refers to overt acts of HIV-related discrimination [29 (link)], we asked participants whether or not they had ever experienced (yes/no) any one of 13 different events, including spousal abandonment, discrimination in health care settings, loss of housing, threats of violence, or physical assault. Health-related quality of life was measured with the Medical Outcomes Study-HIV Health Survey (MOS-HIV) mental health summary (MHS) and physical health summary (PHS) scores. The MOS-HIV consists of 35 items grouped into 11 domains, and higher MHS and PHS scores reflect a better health-related quality of life [33 (link)–35 (link)]. The individual domains are scored as summated rating scales from 0–100, and the overall MHS and PHS scores are transformed to t-scores with a mean of 50 and a standard deviation of 10. For HIV-related symptom burden, we inquired about whether or not participants had experienced, in the previous month, any of 29 potentially HIV-related symptoms (e.g., “tremors or shakes,” “problems with weight loss or wasting,” “change in the way your body looks such as fat deposits or weight gain,” “skin problems, such as rash, dryness, or itching,” “hair loss or changes in the way your hair looks,” “enlarged bumps in your neck, armpits, or groin,” etc.). Among participants who had experienced a particular symptom, the extent to which they found each symptom bothersome was scored on a four-point Likert-type scale ranging from 0 to 4. These variables were used to create an equally weighted average of the z-scores [36 ], with the sign of the aggregate measure oriented so that greater values of the symptom index are associated with a greater symptom burden.
Publication 2012
Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Alopecia Axilla Body Fat Depressive Symptoms Desiccation Discrimination, Psychology Exanthema Groin Hair Mental Health Neck Pad, Fat Physical Examination SERPINA3 protein, human Skin Tremor
KEEPS was designed as a randomized, placebo-controlled, double-blinded, prospective trial (KEEPS; NCT000154180) to evaluate effects of MHT on progression of atherosclerosis as defined by carotid intima–media thickness (CIMT) [44 (link)] and coronary arterial calcification (CAC) [8 (link), 73 (link)] in women who more closely match the age of initiation of MHT reported by prior observational studies. Women meeting inclusion criteria subsequently were randomized to daily placebo, oral CEE, or transdermal 17β-estradiol with placebo or pulsed progesterone for 12 days/month. The detailed inclusion and exclusion criteria for KEEPS have been published elsewhere [36 (link)]. In brief, women between the ages of 42 and 58 years of age who were at least 6 months and no more than 36 months from their last menses with plasma follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) level ≥35 ng/mL and/or E2 levels <40 pg/mL were eligible. A history of clinical CVD including myocardial infarction, angina, congestive heart failure, or thromboembolic disease excluded women from KEEPS. Other major cardiovascular risk factors excluding participation were current heavy smoking (more than ten cigarettes/day by self-report), morbid obesity [body mass index (BMI) >35 mm2/kg], dyslipidemia (LDL cholesterol >190 mg/dL), hypertriglyceridemia (triglycerides >400 mg/dL), and uncontrolled hypertension (systolic blood pressure >150 mm Hg and/or diastolic blood pressure >95 mm Hg) and glucose >126 mg/dL. Complete blood count and chemistry panel, estradiol, and FSH were performed at the clinical laboratories at each recruiting center. Lipid profiles and thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) were performed at the Kronos Science Laboratories (Phoenix, AZ, USA). At screening, women were asked to rank their menopausal symptoms (hotflashes, night sweats, vaginal dryness, dyspareunia, palpitations, insomnia, depression, mood swings, and irritability) as either none, mild, moderate, or severe. Finally, all subjects were screened for CAC and women with Agatston score ≥50 U, indicating significant subclinical coronary artery disease, were excluded. All women meeting inclusion criteria underwent baseline measurements of CIMT by B-mode ultrasound [44 (link)]. All imaging results are read centrally by individuals blinded to participant demographics (CAC at the Los Angeles Biomedical Research Institute at Harbor-UCLA, Torrance, CA, USA under the direction of Dr. M. Budoff and CIMT at the Atherosclerosis Research Unit Core Imaging and Reading Center, University of Southern California, Los Angeles, CA, USA under the direction of Dr. H. Hodis).
Analysis of variance was used to determine statistical significance except where an alternative test is specified. Statistical significance was accepted at P < 0.05.
Publication 2009
Angina Pectoris Artery, Coronary Atherosclerosis Calcinosis Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Cholesterol, beta-Lipoprotein Clinical Laboratory Services Complete Blood Count Comprehensive Metabolic Panel Congestive Heart Failure Coronary Arteriosclerosis Desiccation Disease Progression Dyslipidemias Estradiol Glucose High Blood Pressures Human Follicle Stimulating Hormone Hypertriglyceridemia Index, Body Mass Lipids Menopause Menstruation Mood Myocardial Infarction Obesity, Morbid Placebos Plasma Pressure, Diastolic Progesterone Sleeplessness Sweat Systolic Pressure Thromboembolism Thyrotropin Triglycerides Ultrasonography Vagina Woman
A minimal functional rat TRPV1 construct was expressed and purified as previously described 19 (link). Membrane scaffold proteins MSP2N2 and MSP1E3 were expressed and purified from E. coli, and detergent solubilized TRPV1 protein incorporated into lipid nanodisc as previously described10 (link), with modifications. Briefly, 2.5 mg soybean polar lipid extract (Avanti) dissolved in chloroform was dried using argon stream and residual chloroform further removed by vacuum desiccation (~ 3hrs). Lipids were then rehydrated in buffer (20 mM HEPES, 150mM NaCl, 2mM TCEP, 14 mM DDM, pH 7.4) and sonicated, resulting in a clear lipid stock at 10mM concentration. Purified MBP-TRPV1 protein (0.7–1.5 mg ml−1) solubilized in 0.5 mM DDM was mixed with the soybean lipid stock and MSP2N2 (~3mg ml−1) at various molar ratios and incubated on ice for 30 minutes. Specifically, we achieved the best result using the ratio (TRPV1 monomer : MSP : soybean lipid = 1:1:150 – 1:1.5:225) for MSP2N2 and 1:1:100 for MSP1E3. Bio-beads SM2 (20 mg per 1ml mixture, Bio-rad) were added to initiate the reconstitution by removing detergents from the system and the mixture incubated at 4°C for one hour with constant rotation. A second batch of Bio-beads (equal amount) together with TEV protease (40 μg per 1mg TRPV1) was then added and the sample incubated at 4°C overnight. Bio-beads were then removed and the reconstitution mixture cleared by centrifugation before subsequent separation on a Superose 6 column (GE) in buffer (20 mM HEPES, 150mM NaCl, 2mM TCEP, pH 7.4). Reconstitution was assessed by size exclusion chromatography, SDS-PAGE, and negative stain EM (Extended Data Fig. 1). The peak corresponding to tetrameric TRPV1 reconstituted in lipid nanodisc was collected for analysis by both negative stain and cryo-EM. TRPV1-nanodisc particles were mono-dispersed as assessed by negative stain EM (Extended Data Fig. 1c).
Publication 2016
Argon Buffers Centrifugation Chloroform Desiccation Detergents Escherichia coli Gel Chromatography HEPES Lipid A Lipids Membrane Proteins Molar Proteins SDS-PAGE Sodium Chloride Soybeans Stains Tetrameres TEV protease tris(2-carboxyethyl)phosphine Vacuum
One day before the ROS assay, leaf disks (1.1 cm2) from 4-5 week old plants were cut into two equal halves with a sharp razor blade to increase the cellular surface area exposed to elicitation solution, an important step for obtaining reproducible responses with less variability within and between experiment. Each leaf disc half was floated adaxial side up in an individual well of a 96-well microtiter plate (Costar; Fisher Scientific, catalog # 3912) containing 150 μl dH2O and then incubated overnight at 22°C in continuous light for 20 to 24 hours to reduce the wounding response. Prior to elicitation, the Elicitation Solution was prepared containing bacteria, Luminol and HRP. For a 10 ml Elicitation Solution, 20 μl of 500x HRP stock solution and 20 μl of the 500x Luminol stock solution is added to 10 ml of bacterial cells that have been already diluted to the desired concentration. For flg22-induced ROS production, flg22 peptide was used instead of bacteria in the Elicitation Solution. All Elicitation Solutions were kept at room temperature. Immediately prior to the elicitation, the incubating dH2O solution was carefully removed from each well avoiding any tissue damage or desiccation. Then using a multichannel pipetman, 100 μl of the Elicitation Solution was quickly added to each well containing leaf disc half. For Luminol-based ROS production, the plate was placed without delay into a GloMax® 96-well microplate luminometer (Promega, Madison, USA) to measure Pto-induced ROS production between 0 and 80 minutes.
Publication 2014
Bacteria Biological Assay Cells Desiccation Light Luminol Peptides Plant Leaves Plants Promega Tissues
We conducted a cross-sectional study at the Department of Gynecology, the Sixth Affiliated People’s Hospital of Shanghai Jiao Tong University, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China, between April 2010 and October 2011. We enrolled women newly attending the outpatient clinic who were naïve to treatment with hormone replacement therapy or any traditional Chinese medicine indicated for menopause. Patients with known mental disorders were excluded. The study was approved by the ethics review board of the hospital and each participant provided their written informed consent prior to participation.
During the survey, all participants were required to fill in a demographic form that included information on age, education, income, marital status, occupation, menopausal status, and disease history. Menopausal status was categorized as perimenopause (climacteric transition with irregular menses) and menopause (last menstrual period at least 12 months prior to the survey). Each participant was also required to complete the Chinese version of the MRS (http://www.menopause-rating-scale.info/languages.htm) and the modified KI.1
The order in which each participant completed the MRS and modified KI was entirely at random. Two experienced interviewers (SHF and LCB) provided all the surveys, and answered any questions raised by the participants.
The MRS consists of 11 items categorized into three subscales, ie, sweating/hot flushes, heart discomfort, sleep problems, joint and muscle problems, categorized as somatovegetative symptoms; depressive mood, irritability, anxiety, and physical/mental exhaustion, categorized as psychological symptoms; and sexual problems, bladder problems, and vaginal dryness, categorized as urogenital symptoms. Severity was rated and scored as none (0 points), mild (1 point), moderate (2 points), severe (3 points), and very severe (4 points). The total score possible ranges from 0 to 44. Scores ranging from 0–4, 5–8, 9–15, and 16+ were used to rate the perceived menopausal symptoms as none/minimal, mild, moderate, and severe, respectively.10 (link),16 (link)
The modified KI1 ,17 consists of 13 items (see Appendix A). In addition to the same 11 items included in the original KI,9 (link) the modified version adds urogenital symptoms, including urinary infection and sexual complaints. The original 11 items included sweating/hot flushes, palpitation, vertigo, headache, paresthesia, formication, arthralgia, and myalgia (categorized as somatic symptoms), and fatigue, nervousness, and melancholia categorized as psychological symptoms. A scale ranging from 0 to 3 points is used to describe the severity of the complaints. The weighting factors were the same as those used in the original KI, and provide two points for both urogenital symptoms. The total score ranges from 0 to 63, calculated as the sum of all items by the weighting factor. Scores ranging from 0–6, 7–15, 16–30, and >30 were used to rate the degree of severity as none, mild, moderate, and severe, respectively.1
Publication 2013
Anxiety Arthralgia Chinese Climacteric Desiccation Dyssomnias Fatigue Headache Heart Hot Flashes Interviewers Joints Medically Unexplained Symptoms Melancholia Menopause Menstruation Mental Disorders Mentally Ill Persons Mood Muscle Tissue Myalgia Nervousness Paresthesia Patients Perimenopause Respiratory Diaphragm System, Genitourinary Therapy, Hormone Replacement Urinary Bladder Urinary Tract Infection Vagina Vertigo Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Desiccation»

Example 2

Antimicrobial activity of the compositions according to the invention has been compared with compositions comprising either only the modified clay particle comprising an antimicrobial compound (‘CPC’, prepared as in Ex. 1), or only a nonionic triblock copolymer (‘pluronic’). Salivary flora and actives (according to Table 1 below) were co-incubated overnight and at the end of incubation biofilm was stained with crystal violet. Detailed protocol as mentioned below:

Treatment and Biofilm Formation

Early morning saliva samples before brushing was collected from 4-5 people, pooled together and washed twice in saline. Absorbance was set to 0.2 OD620 nm in ultra-filtered tryptone yeast extract broth (2% sucrose) and used for experiments as mentioned in further steps. 2 ml of set culture was added into 24/12 well plate to which test actives at varying concentrations were added into each of the wells. The plate was incubated anaerobically overnight at 37° C.

Staining Protocol

At the end overnight incubation, decant the plate out over a biohazard bag to remove all the planktonic bacteria. Rinse the plate in a tray of water and decant the water out over the tray. This step was done once to remove the loosely adhered biofilm. Place the plate on a blotting paper/paper towel over the bench top. Stain all the test wells with 1 ml of 1% Crystal violet stain (CV) for 10 min. This step was done using a pipette. Decant the plate out over the biohazard discard bag to remove all the stain. Rinse the plate in a tray of water and pour the water out over the tray. This step was done thrice consecutively, in three separate trays of water. (Each tray procedure was repeated thrice-total 9 rinse). Cover the bench top with more blotting paper/paper towel and hit the plate against the bench top until all the wells are free of any liquid. This step was done to ensure that only CV remaining is bound to a biofilm at the bottom of a well. Leave the plate face up on the bench top at room temperature (23+2° C.) until it dries completely. Add 1 ml of 33% glacial acetic acid to the test wells to solubilize the biofilm bound CV stain. Allow the acetic acid to sit for 10 mins. Pipette up and down the mix of acetic acid and CV in the wells.

Transfer 10 μl of above solution mix to 90 ul of 33% acetic acid in a well of flat bottom 96 well plate. Mix the solution well and absorbance is taken at 540 nm. All the test actives were done in duplicates.

TABLE 1
% Biofilm
Bacterial control100
0.01% CPC-Clay 83
0.001% Pluronic 76
0.001% Pluronic + 0.01% CPC-Clay 29
0.001% Pluronic + 0.005% CPC-Clay 52

Patent 2024
Acetic Acid Bacteria Biofilms Biohazards Clay Desiccation Face Microbicides Plankton Pluronics Saline Solution Saliva Stains Strains Sucrose Violet, Gentian Yeast, Dried

Example 9

A 3D printed mesh was prepared from succinic acid-1,4-butanediol-malic acid copolyester (Tepha lot 180333), with weight average molecular weight of 184 kDa, Tm=115° C., using melt extrusion deposition according to the following method. The mesh was printed using an ARBURG Free-Former machine consisting of a horizontal extruder feeding into a vertical ram extruder fitted with motion controlled needle plunger, 200 micron spinneret nozzle and a movable stage table. The extruder hopper was charged with 1½×3 mm sized polymer pellets with a moisture content of less than 2,000 ppm. The pellets were purged with dry nitrogen in the extruder hopper to maintain dryness. The temperature profile of the extruder was set between 45°-180° C., and the residence time of the polymer in the extrusion system was maintained at less than 15 min/cm. The conditions resulted in the formation of very high quality printed mesh as shown in FIG. 1.

Patent 2024
Butylene Glycols Desiccation malic acid Needles Nitrogen Pellets, Drug Polymers Succinic Acid
Fresh soil samples were obtained from the 0–15 cm layer of soil at three separate sites from each treatment using an 8 cm tube auger. Three soil samples were obtained from each treatment during tillering, flowering, grain filling, and physiological maturity of the crop. The total fresh soil samples were 30 in number and air-dried for 7 days, sieved through a 2 mm screen, mixed, and placed in plastic bags for further analysis.
Publication 2023
Cereals Crop, Avian Desiccation physiology
Water samples were
enriched using a freeze-dryer (Alpha1-4, Christ, Germany). A 40 mL
aliquot of each sample was transferred into a 50 mL falcon tube and
prefrozen at −20 °C overnight, followed by freeze-drying
at 15 °C and 1.65 mbar for 30 h until dryness. The residue was
reconstituted in 400 μL of acetonitrile and water (90:10, v:v),
transferred into an Eppendorf tube, and then centrifuged at 13000
min–1 for 10 min. The supernatant was then transferred
into glass vials and stored at −20 °C until analysis.
An ultrapure water blank was prepared following the same procedure.
Publication 2023
acetonitrile Desiccation Freezing
In a typical procedure, 0.2 g of sodium alginate was mixed with
30 mL of ultrapure water in a 100 mL beaker with constant magnetic
stirring. One gram of the prepared Mg/Al LDH was added to the solution
and mixed for 2 h at 25 °C. The solution was subsequently added
dropwise to a 250 mL beaker containing 100 mL of 0.3 mol/L Ca(NO3)2·6H2O to produce hydrogel beads
(LB). The prepared beads were stirred for 10 min, filtered, washed
with ultrapure water, and then dried in a freeze dryer for 24 h.
Publication 2023
Desiccation Freezing Hydrogels Sodium Alginate

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More about "Desiccation"

Desiccation refers to the process of removing or reducing the water content of a substance, often used in research and industry to preserve materials or study the effects of water loss.
This technique encompasses a range of methods, including air-drying, freeze-drying, and chemical dehydration.
Understanding and optimizing desiccation protocols is crucial in fields such as biology, chemistry, and engineering, as it can impact the physical, chemical, and biological properties of substances.
Researchers frequently utilize tools like PubCompare.ai to effortlessly locate and compare desiccation protocols from the literature, pre-prints, and patents, helping to streamline their research process and identify the most effective methods.
Synonyms and related terms for desiccation include dehydration, dewatering, and drying.
Commonly used abbreviations in this field include HCP-2 (High Capacity Pump), Trace DSQ (Trace Dewatering System), and EM CPD300 (Electron Microscope Critical Point Dryer).
Key subtopics include the use of Whatman No. 1 filter paper, a widely used substrate for desiccation experiments, as well as the application of glutaraldehyde, a chemical agent used in the preservation and fixation of biological samples.
Additionally, the SU8100 scanning electron microscope and the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit, a common tool for DNA extraction and purification, are often utilized in desiccation research.
Optimizing desiccation protocols is essential for a wide range of applications, from food preservation to the development of advanced materials.
By leveraging the power of PubCompare.ai, researchers can streamline their work and identify the most effective desiccation methods, ultimately contributing to the advancement of science and technology.