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Hot Temperature

Hot temperature, also known as hyperthermia, refers to an abnormally high body temperature caused by environmental or internal factors.
This condition can have serious physiological effects, including heat exhaustion, heat stroke, and organ damage.
Optimizing research protocols for hot temperatures is crucial to ensure the safety and reliability of experiments conducted in high-heat environments.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers easily locate and compare protocols from literature, preprints, and patents to identify the best methods and products for their hot temperature research needs.
This platform provides a valuable tool for scientists working in challenging climatic conditions.

Most cited protocols related to «Hot Temperature»

1
Detailed Dietary Assessment Protocol for Epidemiological Studies
The touchscreen questionnaire used in the main study contained twenty-nine questions about diet and eighteen questions about alcohol. The touchscreen questionnaire asked about the frequency of consumption over the past year of the following food groups: cooked vegetables, salad/raw vegetables, fresh fruit, dried fruit, oily fish, other fish, processed meats, poultry, beef, lamb, pork, cheese, salt added to food, tea, water, as well as questions on the type of milk most commonly consumed, type of spread most commonly consumed, number of slices and type of bread most commonly consumed, number of bowls and type of breakfast cereal most commonly consumed, cups of coffee and type most commonly consumed, as well as questions on the avoidance of specific foods and food groups (eggs, dairy products, wheat, sugar), age last ate meat (for participants who reported never consuming processed meats, poultry, beef, lamb or pork), temperature preference of hot drinks, changes in diet in the past 5 years, and variation in diet. Four of the dietary questions used in the pilot study were altered slightly for the main phase: these were the questions on avoiding specific foods and food groups; spread type; bread type; and variation in diet. A total of 3776 participants completed only the pilot version of the touchscreen; for analyses on these questions the participants answering only the pilot version were excluded. Details of the possible answers for each dietary touchscreen question are given in the Supplementary Methods(6 ,7 ). We also generated a partial fibre score from the touchscreen questionnaire using the questions on fresh fruit, dried fruit, raw vegetables, cooked vegetables, bread type and bread intake, and breakfast cereal type and breakfast cereal intake. Further detail on how we generated the partial score is given in the Supplementary Methods and Supplementary Table S1.
Bradbury K.E., Young H.J., Guo W, & Key T.J. (2018). Dietary assessment in UK Biobank: an evaluation of the performance of the touchscreen dietary questionnaire. Journal of Nutritional Science, 7, e6.
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Publication 2018
A Fibers Beef Bread Carbohydrates Cereals Cheese Coffee Dairy Products Diet Dietary Modification Eggs Ethanol Fishes Food Fowls, Domestic Fruit Hot Temperature liposomal amphotericin B Meat Milk, Cow's Oils Pork Salads Sodium Chloride, Dietary Vegetables Wheat
2
Estimating Temperature-Mortality Associations
We plotted the estimated pooled overall cumulative exposure-response relationship at the national level. To represent the lag pattern of cold and hot temperatures on mortality, we also plotted the estimated pooled lag-response relationship for cold temperature (1st versus minimum-mortality temperature) and hot temperature (99th versus minimum-mortality temperature).
To obtain an easily interpretable estimate of the effects of cold and hot temperatures on mortality, we also calculated the overall cumulative relative risks of death associated with cold temperature (1st percentile) and with hot temperature (99th percentile), both relative to the minimum-mortality temperature. These effect estimates were computed from the nonlinear exposure-response curves; thus, they reflected a portion of the true temperature– mortality association.7 (link) To obtain a comparison with previously published studies,7 (link) we also calculated the overall cumulative relative risks of death associated (1) with cold temperature (1st percentile of temperature) compared with the 10th percentile of temperature and (2) with hot temperature (99th percentile of temperature) relative to 90th percentile of temperature.
We also plotted the associations of average temperature and latitude, with the minimum-mortality temperature in twelve countries/regions, to understand whether the minimum-mortality temperatures varied by country climate and latitude.
Sensitivity analyses were performed on the parameters for the community-specific model to test the robustness of our results. We changed lag days to 28 days to examine whether using 21 lag days was enough to capture the temperature effects on mortality. We modified the degrees of freedom for temperature (3–6 df). We included relative humidity into the analyses. We included air pollutants (PM10, SO2 and NO2) in the analyses using China data.
The residuals were examined to evaluate the adequacy of the community-specific models. R software (version 3.0.1, R Development Core Team 2009) was used to do data analysis. The “dlnm” package was used to create the distributed lag non-linear model 16 (link) and the “mvmeta” package to fit the multivariate meta-analyses 13 (link).
Guo Y., Gasparrini A., Armstrong B., Li S., Tawatsupa B., Tobias A., Lavigne E., de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho M., Leone M., Pan X., Tong S., Tian L., Kim H., Hashizume M., Honda Y., Guo Y.L., Wu C.F., Punnasiri K., Yi S.M., Michelozzi P., Saldiva P.H, & Williams G. (2014). Global variation in the effects of ambient temperature on mortality: a systematic evaluation. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 25(6), 781-789.
Publication 2014
Air Pollutants Climate Cold Temperature Hot Temperature Humidity Hypersensitivity
3
Modeling Temperature-Mortality Associations
In the first stage, for each community, we used a regression model to obtain community-specific estimates assuming a quasi-Poisson distribution allowing for over-dispersed death counts, which follows a standard analytical approach for time-series environmental health data.15 The community-specific Poisson time series model is given as the following:
Yt∼Poisson(μt),log(μt)=α+βTt,l+NS(time,df)+λDOWt,
where Yt is the observed daily death count on day t; α is the intercept; Tt,l is a matrix of variables obtained by the transformation of standardized temperature, β is vector of coefficients for Tt,l, and l is the lag days; NS(time, df) is natural cubic spline of time, and df is degree of freedom per year for time, which was used to control for long-term trend and seasonality. 10 df per year for time was used to control seasonality and long-term trend, with the exception of Thailand where, because there were fewer cases per day, we used 7 df per year to avoid possible over control; DOWt is a categorical variable for day of the week, and λ is vector of coefficients.
For each community, we modelled the non-linear and delayed effect of temperatures using the term βTt,l which is parameterized using a cross-basis function expressing a distributed lag non-linear model.16 (link) In this study, a flexible cross-basis was defined by a natural cubic spline for the space of temperature, and a natural cubic spline with intercept for the space of lags, with the maximum lag up to 21 days. We placed three internal knots at equally-spaced temperature percentiles (25th, 50th, and 75th) and two internal knots at equally spaced log-values of lag (approximately 1.4, and 5.5 days), respectively, plus intercept. The spline for temperature was centered at the 75th percentile, representing the average point of minimum mortality in preliminary analyses. These choices defined spline basis with four degrees of freedom for temperature and four degrees of freedom for lag. The choice of 21 days for the lag period was motivated by previous studies showing that effects of cold temperature appeared only after some delay and lasted for several days, while effects of hot temperatures were more acute and possibly affected by mortality displacement.2 (link),14 (link)
Guo Y., Gasparrini A., Armstrong B., Li S., Tawatsupa B., Tobias A., Lavigne E., de Sousa Zanotti Stagliorio Coelho M., Leone M., Pan X., Tong S., Tian L., Kim H., Hashizume M., Honda Y., Guo Y.L., Wu C.F., Punnasiri K., Yi S.M., Michelozzi P., Saldiva P.H, & Williams G. (2014). Global variation in the effects of ambient temperature on mortality: a systematic evaluation. Epidemiology (Cambridge, Mass.), 25(6), 781-789.
Publication 2014
Cloning Vectors Cold Temperature Cuboid Bone Hot Temperature
4
Estimating Heat Wave Mortality Effects
For each community, we estimated the increase in nonaccidental mortality risk during each heat wave compared with non-heat wave days, controlling for daily temperature. Several studies found that mortality risk increases on individual days of heat (e.g., Anderson and Bell 2009 (link); Baccini et al. 2008 (link)). Hajat et al. (2006) (link) discussed the concept of an added heat wave effect and evaluated whether heat wave days affected mortality risk differently than nonconsecutive individual days of high temperatures. This effect has been used to quantify the effects of single notable heat waves [e.g., the 2003 French heat wave (Le Tertre et al. 2006 (link)), the 1995 Chicago heat wave (Kaiser et al. 2007 (link))] and to quantify effects of all heat waves over a study period (Hajat et al. 2006 (link); Rocklov and Forsberg 2008 (link)).
We estimated this added heat wave effect for each heat wave using community-specific generalized linear models. We controlled for daily maximum temperature to separate effects of heat waves from effects of single days of hot temperature; we also controlled for day of the week and adjusted dew point temperature and time trends to account for seasonal and long-term changes in mortality patterns in a community. We used a nonordered categorical factor to identify heat waves. This variable took a different value for each heat wave. This approach is similar to methods used in earlier studies to compare mortality risk on heat wave days with non-heat wave days (Anderson and Bell 2009 (link); Hajat et al. 2006 (link)); however, our model extends the earlier method by allowing risk of mortality to differ by heat wave. Because we estimate a separate effect for each heat wave, we can investigate effect modification by heat wave characteristics (e.g., duration). The model can be stated as
where μtc = expected mortality rate for community c on day t; δ0 = model intercept; ac = vector of regression coefficients for heat waves for community c (one per heat wave); HWt= 0 if day t is a non-heat wave day, 1 if day t is the first day of any heat wave, 2 if day t is the second or later day in the first heat wave in the community, 3 if day t is the second or later day in the second heat wave in the community, and so forth; yc = vector of regression coefficients for day of the week for community c; DOWt = categorical variable for day of the week; ns(timet) = natural cubic spline of time, with 3 degrees of freedom (df) per warm season (1 May–30 September); ns(Ttc) = natural cubic spline of maximum temperature for community c for day t (df = 3 with knots at quantiles); and (Dtc) = natural cubic spline of adjusted dew point temperature for community c on day t (df = 2).
Equation 1 estimates a separate mortality effect for each heat wave in a community. We used a community-specific Bayesian hierarchical model to generate an overall heat wave effect for each community by combining effects of individual heat waves within that community, incorporating the estimates’ variance (Everson and Morris 2000 ; Kass and Wasserman 1996 ):
where β̂h = estimated effect of heat wave h on mortality, βh = true effect of heat wave h on mortality, v̂h = statistical variance of β̂h, μ = true average heat wave effect across all heat waves, τ2 = between-heat wave variance of the true effect, and n = number of heat waves.
This model was fit separately for each community. This method is often used to combine effect estimates across communities in air pollution and temperature studies (Anderson and Bell 2009 (link); Bell and Dominici 2008 (link)). National and regional heat wave effects were estimated using similar multistage hierarchical Bayesian models. Results were generated separately for three U.S. regions, Northeast, Midwest, and South, based on regions used previously (Anderson and Bell 2009 (link); Barnett 2007 (link)). Insufficient numbers of communities precluded estimates for other regions.
Anderson G.B, & Bell M.L. (2010). Heat Waves in the United States: Mortality Risk during Heat Waves and Effect Modification by Heat Wave Characteristics in 43 U.S. Communities. Environmental Health Perspectives, 119(2), 210-218.
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Publication 2010
Air Pollution Cloning Vectors Cuboid Bone Fever Hot Temperature Infrared Rays
5
Evaluating Dietary Questionnaire Repeatability in UK Biobank
Approximately 20 000 participants who resided in the area surrounding UK Biobank's coordinating centre in Stockport undertook a full repeat of the assessment centre visit, between August 2012 and June 2013, approximately 4 years after recruitment(3 ).
To assess the long-term repeatability of the dietary questions on the touchscreen questionnaire, as well as the new partial fibre score, we used the subsample of participants who had completed the repeat assessment centre visit and examined the agreement between participants’ responses to the dietary questions on the touchscreen questionnaire completed at baseline and the repeat visit. For this analysis, questions where the possible responses were categorical, i.e. questions on fish, meat, cheese, types of milk, spread, bread, cereal, salt added to food, temperature of hot drinks, major changes to diet, and variation in diet, we cross-tabulated the answers as recorded. For questions that used direct entry responses, we truncated or collapsed answers into categories to enable cross-tabulation as follows: for servings of fruit and vegetables we used 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, ≥5; for the derived partial fibre score we categorised participants into fifths based on the whole cohort. For age last ate meat we used 0–10, 11–20, 21–30, 31–40, 41–50, 51–60, ≥61 years; for slices of bread we used 1–5, 6–10, 11–15, 10–20, 21–25, 26–30, ≥31; for bowls of breakfast cereal we used 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 7, ≥8, for cups of tea and coffee and glasses of water we used 0, 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, ≥6. For all questions, participants selecting ‘do not know’, ‘prefer not to answer’ or ‘less than one’ were assigned to separate categories, except for number of bread slices where ‘less than one’ was combined with ‘0’ because of very low numbers for both of these groups. For the question on foods avoided we created binary variables for each food item, e.g. consumers/non-consumers of dairy products.
After excluding participants who answered ‘do not know’ or ‘prefer not to answer’ at either baseline or the repeat visit, we also assessed agreement using the κ coefficient. Bootstrapping with 10 000 replications was used to calculate CI around the κ coefficient. In a separate analysis, we also further excluded participants who reported, at the repeat visit, making a major change to their diet in the past 5 years. We also examined κ coefficients by sex, age (<55 years, ≥55 years) and BMI (<25 kg/m2, ≥25 kg/m2). For most of the dietary touchscreen questions, the categories of responses to the dietary questions were ordinal, ranging from least frequently eaten to most frequently eaten; therefore for these questions the κ coefficient with quadratic weighting was used, which is equivalent to the intra-class correlation coefficient and allows for the fact that a change from category 1 to category 2 reflects closer agreement over time than, for example, a change from category 1 to category 4(9 ). κ Values >0·80 indicate excellent agreement, values between 0·61–0·80 substantial agreement, 0·41–0·60 moderate agreement, 0·21–0·40 fair agreement, and ≤0·20 poor agreement(10 ). For questions where the responses were not ordinal, e.g. bread or spread type mainly used, only the percentage in the same category is given, κ values were not calculated.
Bradbury K.E., Young H.J., Guo W, & Key T.J. (2018). Dietary assessment in UK Biobank: an evaluation of the performance of the touchscreen dietary questionnaire. Journal of Nutritional Science, 7, e6.
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Publication 2018
Bread Cereals Cheese Coffee Dairy Products Diet Dietary Modification DNA Replication Eating Eyeglasses Fibrosis Fishes Food Fruit Hot Temperature Meat Milk, Cow's Sodium Chloride, Dietary Vegetables

Most recents protocols related to «Hot Temperature»

1
Fluorite-Structured Nd2-2xLa2xCe2O7 Synthesis
Fluorite structure can be synthesized using various chemical routes, for instance, the hydrothermal method, solid-state method, and sol–gel auto-combustion method. However, here we used sol–gel auto-combustion approach to synthesize a series of Nd2−2xLa2xCe2O7 with (x = 0.0, 0.2, 0.4, 0.6, 0.8, and 1.0) because it is simple to execute, inexpensive, and ensures crystalline phase in a quick time. To proceed, La(NO3)3·6H2O [purity > 99%], Nd(NO3)3·6H2O [purity > 99%], and Ce(NO3)3·6H2O [purity > 99%] were utilized as precursors along with fuel agents such as urea (CH4N2O) and glycine (C2H5NO2). All the chemicals were purchased from Sigma Aldrich. The metal nitrates to fuel agent's ratio was maintained as 1 : 2. The stoichiometric amounts of all the precursors were weighed using a precise digital balance and dissolved separately into deionized water. The individual transparent solutions were combined into a beaker. The beaker was then placed on the hot plate with a magnetic stirrer inside it. The hotplate temperature was set at 95 °C, and stirred magnetically at 320 rpm. The solution thickened over time as a result of the continuous elimination of fumes. The solution was kept on the hot plate till stirring became difficult. Then, the stirring was stopped, magnetic stirrer was taken out, and in a few moments, frothing started that converted viscous liquid into gel. To eliminate the nitrogenous gases from the gel and to trigger the auto-combustion process, the hot plate's temperature was gradually increased up to 310 °C.23 (link) At this temperature urea and glycine catch fire and causes auto-combustion. This combustion yields the CO2, NO2, and water vapors according to the following balanced chemical equations:
The hitting of this temperature gave birth to the flame inside the beaker, which instantly burnt all the gel and converted it into ash. As a result of this combustion, the temperature inside the beaker promptly increased which lead to the following reaction for parent composition to occur:
The molecular oxygen (O2) and nitrogen dioxide (NO2) were evolved as a byproduct in this reaction. For subsequent samples, the stoichiometric amount of La(NO3)3·6H2O was substituted at Nd(NO3)3·6H2O site. After that, the ash was put into an Agate mortar and pestle for grinding and converted into fine powder. The synthesized powder was then placed into ceramic cups and calcined at 800 °C for 3 h in a Nabertherm furnace to develop a pure phase.24 (link) This calcined powder was pressed using an Apex hydraulic press to make cylindrical pellets of 7 mm diameter and ∼1 mm thickness by applying a force of 30 kN. All the pellets were then sintered at 350 °C for 1 h to make them hard.25 (link) The pictorial representation of this whole synthesis process is shown in Fig. 1.
An advanced Bruker D8 X-ray diffractometer (XRD) was used to analyze the crystalline phase of the synthesized series. A Nova NanoSEM-450 field emission scanning electron microscope (FESEM) was utilized to investigate the morphology and elemental composition. A Radiant's Technologies Inc., USA precision multiferroic tester was used to probe ferroelectric properties. Magnetic properties of synthesized series have been carried out by Cryogenic vibrating samples magnetometer (VSM).
Quader A., Mustafa G.M., Ramay S.M, & Atiq S. (2023). Gateway toward efficient and miniaturized A2B2O7-type fluorite structure-based energy storage devices. RSC Advances, 13(11), 7453-7463.
Publication 2023
Anabolism Burns Childbirth Fingers Gases Glycine Hot Temperature Metals Nitrates Nitrogen Nitrogen Dioxide Parent Pellets, Drug Powder Precipitating Factors Radiography Scanning Electron Microscopy Urea Viscosity Water Vapor
2
Episiotomy Repair Techniques Comparison
This clinical trial study was conducted to 50 pregnant women, aged 18 years or more and who are suitable for normal vaginal delivery, they were enrolled to this study after taking an ethical committee approval in Egypt. A detailed history was taken from all participants, and general examination to exclude the presence of any disorders. Obstetric examinations were performed. Verbal and written consents from all patients are obtained to be recruited in this study.
All relevant information, like the purpose and methodology of the experiment, was explained to study participants beforehand, and informed consent was obtained. All procedures of the present study were conducted in compliance with the Helsinki declaration for research on human beings. The study was approved by the research ethics committee.
Clinical trial number (ClinicalTrials.gov Identifier) is NCT05247073
Active Comparator of this study (Procedure of Mostafa Maged technique: Patients of study group with Mostafa Maged technique for closure of the episiotomy. The vagina will be stitched with the Mostafa Maged technique, The Mostafa Maged four-stitch technique uses absorbable vicryl threads with round needles 75 mm. The technique will prevent dead space formation, Good and tight hemostasis of the episiotomy strong approximation of the two edges of the episiotomy.
Procedure of Mostafa Maged technique:

Mostafa Maged four-stitch technique for closure of the episiotomy.

Identification of the apex of the episiotomy, then a simple suture is taken (0.5 cm) behind the apex of the episiotomy. First, the needle is inserted at the vaginal mucosa (epithelium) of the right edge of the episiotomy then extracts the needle.

The second stitch is inserted on the muscle layer of the same side (right side) of the episiotomy cutting edge then extracting the needle.

Then, insert the needle again on the left side of the episiotomy incision in the muscle layer on the left side of the episiotomy incision directing the tip of the needle upwards parallel to the second stitch taken.

The fourth step is inserting the needle in the vaginal mucosa (epithelium) of the left side parallel to the first stitch. Continue suturing the episiotomy incision continuously in the same way till reaching the remnant of the hymen (fourchette). Then, I make a loop knot at the fourchette. Then, suturing the superficial perineal muscle in a continuous manner and the skin in a subcuticular manner as well. Mostafa Maged technique is illustrated in a model of uterus in Figure (2).

There is a case series of this (Mostafa Maged technique) recently published to reveal this technique (13 ).
Patients of controlled group: The vagina will be stitched using a continuous locking stitch and the perineal muscles and skin are repaired using approximately three or four individual stitches, each needing to be knotted separately to prevent them from dislodging.
Procedure (Patients with routine traditional closure of the episiotomy): patients of controlled group with routine closure of episiotomy
Perineal trauma is traditionally repaired in three stages: a continuous locking stitch is inserted to close the vaginal trauma, commencing at the apex of the wound and finishing at the level of the fourchette with a loop knot. The perineal muscles are then re-approximated with three or four interrupted sutures and finally, the perineal skin is closed by inserting continuous subcutaneous or interrupted transcutaneous stitches.
The skin is then closed with inverted interrupted stitches placed in the subcutaneous tissue a few millimeters under the perineal skin edges (not trans-cutaneously).
While primigravida patients having episiotomies or tears in the vagina and age between 18 to 40 years old were included in the study; whereas, smokers, diabetics, morbidly obese patients, cases with chronic diseases such as renal diseases and cases with 3rd and 4th perineal tears were excluded.
Primary Outcome Measures:Heamostasis of the episiotomy [Time Frame: 4 weeks after delivery] (Bleeding from the epistiomy or heamatoma at the epistomy).
No edema at the site of episiotomy [Time Frame: 4 weeks after delivery] (Swelling or ecchymosis and edema at the edges of episiotomy).
No infection at the episiotomy [Time Frame: 4 weeks after delivery] (Redness, hotness and bad odour of vaginal discharge)
Secondary Outcome Measures:Sexual dysfunction (pain during sexual intercourse) [Time Frame: 4 weeks after delivery] (Pain during sexual intercourse)
Anorectal dysfunction [Time Frame: 4 weeks after delivery] (Inability to control passage of stool or flatus or both).
Statistical analysis: Data collection and coding were performed to enable data manipulation as well as double entered into Microsoft Access, and the analysis was done utilizing version 22 of the Statistical Package of Social Science (SPSS) (SPSS Inc., Chicago, IL, USA). In addition, a simple descriptive analysis was performed using percentages and numbers of qualitative data, standard deviations for the dispersion of quantitative parametric data, as well as arithmetic means as central tendency measurement.
For quantitative data: Independent samples t-test was utilized for comparing quantitative measures between two independent groups.
For qualitative data: The Chi-square test was utilized for comparing two of more than two qualitative groups. The p-value< 0.05 was considered statistically significant.
, & Ali M.M. (2023). The Effectiveness of Mostafa Maged Technique in Closure of the Episiotomy during Vaginal Delivery. Ethiopian Journal of Health Sciences, 33(1), 49-54.
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Publication 2023
A-Loop Bladder Detrusor Muscle Coitus Disease, Chronic Ecchymosis Edema Episiotomy Epithelium Erythema Ethics Committees, Research Feces Flatulence Hemostasis Homo sapiens Hot Temperature Hymen Infection Kidney Diseases Mucous Membrane Muscle Tissue Myotomy Needles Obesity Obstetric Delivery Odors Pain Patients Perineum Physical Examination Pregnant Women Reading Frames Skin Subcutaneous Tissue Surgical Closure Techniques Sutures Tears Uterus Vagina Vicryl Wounds Wounds and Injuries
3
Geographical Profile of Primary Health Centers in Ghana
The study was conducted at two primary health centers in the Ashanti Region of Ghana (Fig. 1), namely Agona Government Hospital (AGH) and Mankranso Government Hospital (MGH). AGH is situated at Agona, the administrative capital of the Sekyere South District in Ghana, where it serves as the main referral health facility for surrounding villages and towns (latitude 6o50’N and longitude 1o29’W). About 47% of the inhabitants live in rural areas and 67% are involved in agriculture. The mean annual rainfall ranges between 855 mm and 1500 mm with a daily warm to hot temperature at about 27 °C [31 ].

A map showing the location of the study areas in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. [The map was created by Mr. Ema Dari of the Department of Geography and Rural Development, KNUST using ArcGIS Desktop 10.6.1 software]

Mankranso Government Hospital is located at Mankranso, the capital of the Ahafo Ano South West District (formerly Ahafo Ano South District) in the Ashanti Region of Ghana. According to the 2010 Population and Housing Census, about 90% of the total population live in rural areas. Approximately 81.7% percent of indigenous households in Mankranso are engaged in crop farming whiles others are actively involved in poultry farming. The district is located at latitude 6o42’N and longitude1o45’W. Mankranso has a wet semi-equatorial climate with a mean monthly temperature between 26 °C–28 °C with two major rainfall patterns in the district [32 ].
Opoku Afriyie S., Addison T.K., Gebre Y., Mutala A.H., Antwi K.B., Abbas D.A., Addo K.A., Tweneboah A., Ayisi-Boateng N.K., Koepfli C, & Badu K. (2023). Accuracy of diagnosis among clinical malaria patients: comparing microscopy, RDT and a highly sensitive quantitative PCR looking at the implications for submicroscopic infections. Malaria Journal, 22, 76.
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Publication 2023
Climate Crop, Avian Fowls, Domestic Hot Temperature Households Rural Population
4
Fungal and Algal DNA Barcoding Protocol
Fresh specimens were used for DNA extraction of both fungal and algal partners. DNA was extracted with a cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB)-based protocol54 . ITS nrDNA locus was found to be a useful fungal barcode sequence, easily amplifiable, and moreover with a sufficient number of references in the NCBI database. In the case of algae, we sequenced nrDNA ITS and 18S regions and the rbcL gene. The latter was found as best amplified and therefore selected for barcoding and phylogenetic analysis. Polymerase chain reactions were performed in a reaction mixture containing master mix consisting of 2.5 mmol/L MgCl2, 0.2 mmol/L of each dNTP, 0.3 μmol/L of each primer, 0.5 U Taq polymerase in the manufacturer’s reaction buffer (Top-Bio, Praha, Czech Republic), and milli-Q water to make up a final volume of 10 μL. The primers used for PCR and the cycling conditions are summarized in Table S2. Successful amplifications were sent for Sanger sequencing (GATC Biotech, Konstanz, Germany). Sequences were edited using BioEdit v.7.0.9.055 and Geneious Prime 2022.0 (https://www.geneious.com).
Sequences of our specimens were supplemented by relevant sequences from GenBank—NCBI database. Sequences were aligned by MAFFT v.756 (link); available online at http://mafft.cbrc.jp/alignment/server/) using the Q-INS-i algorithm and adjusted manually. The best-fit model of sequence evolution was selected using the Akaike information criterion calculated in jModelTest v.0.1.157 (link). Relationships were assessed using Bayesian inference as implemented in MrBayes v.3.1.258 (link). Two runs starting with a random tree and employing four simultaneous chains each (one hot, three cold) were executed. The temperature of a hot chain was set empirically to 0.1, and every 100th tree was saved. The analysis was considered to be completed when the average standard deviation of split frequencies dropped below 0.01. The first 25% of trees were discarded as the burn-in phase, and the remaining trees were used for construction of a 50% majority consensus tree.
Vondrák J., Svoboda S., Zíbarová L., Štenclová L., Mareš J., Pouska V., Košnar J, & Kubásek J. (2023). Alcobiosis, an algal-fungal association on the threshold of lichenisation. Scientific Reports, 13, 2957.
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Publication 2023
Biological Evolution Buffers Cetrimonium Bromide Cold Temperature DNA, Fungal Genes Hot Temperature Magnesium Chloride Oligonucleotide Primers Taq Polymerase Trees
5
Landslide Assessment Along the Karakoram Highway, Pakistan
The study was directed along the KKH, which passes through the districts of Gilgit, Hunza, and Nagar of Gilgit Baltistan, Pakistan. This research focuses on a significant section of the KKH, which has a total length of 332 km and includes a 10 km buffer zone (Fig. 1). The study region covers an area of 3320 km2. The research region consists of a chain of villages through which the KKH passes, beginning with Juglot, and ending with Khunjarab top, the China–Pakistan border checkpoint. The region's terrains are rough, ranging from 1211 to 7831 metres above mean sea level. Structurally, the region is complex because it lies in the subduction zone (Main Karakoram Thrust).

A map showing the study region; (a) Pakistan's geographic map representing district boundaries; (b) a map of Pakistan showing its geographical boundaries; and (c) a Digital Elevation Model of Gilgit Baltistan where points show Landslides of the study region, and the black line shows the KKH.

Moreover, the mountains have steep slopes that are prone to landslides43 . The research region's most common landslides are debris, and rock falls induced by precipitation and seismic activity6 (link). Most of the rocks are Mesozoic and Paleozoic in age. The majority of the region's exposed rocks are volcanic, volcano-sedimentary, metamorphic, sedimentary, and igneous. These rocks are divided into siliciclastic, basalt, carbonates, andesite, gabbro, granite, greenschist and so on.
Gilgit Baltistan has around 154 mm of rain each year. Water irrigation for land cultivation is supplied by rivers and streams overflowing with snowmelt and glacial water from mountainous regions. Summer is more prolonged, drier, and hotter. Strong sunlight occasionally elevates temperatures beyond 40 °C (104 °F), although the winter's average temperature remains below 10 °C. There are numerous landslides and avalanches in the region due to the harsh weather conditions44 (link). The region's geological traits and soils, which also play a crucial role, are fragile.
Kulsoom I., Hua W., Hussain S., Chen Q., Khan G, & Shihao D. (2023). SBAS-InSAR based validated landslide susceptibility mapping along the Karakoram Highway: a case study of Gilgit-Baltistan, Pakistan. Scientific Reports, 13, 3344.
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Publication 2023
Avalanches basalt Buffers Carbonates Cell Cycle Checkpoints Fingers granite Hot Temperature Landslides Rain Rivers STEEP1 protein, human Sunlight

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S 4800 by Hitachi
Sourced in Japan, United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, Spain, Canada, Czechia
The S-4800 is a high-resolution scanning electron microscope (SEM) manufactured by Hitachi. It provides a range of imaging and analytical capabilities for various applications. The S-4800 utilizes a field emission electron gun to generate high-quality, high-resolution images of samples.
4
Delta2 nmr spectrometer by JEOL
Sourced in Japan
The DELTA2 NMR spectrometer is a compact and versatile instrument designed for nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) analysis. It provides high-resolution data acquisition and processing capabilities for a wide range of applications in chemistry, materials science, and other research fields.
5
Tga 4000 by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Italy
The TGA 4000 is a thermogravimetric analyzer (TGA) that measures the change in weight of a sample as a function of temperature or time in a controlled atmosphere. It provides information about physical and chemical changes that involve a loss or gain in the sample's mass.
6
Labview software by National Instruments
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Italy
LabVIEW is a graphical programming environment developed by National Instruments for creating and deploying measurement and control systems. Its core function is to provide users with a visual interface for designing, simulating, and executing programs.
7
Envision hrp by Agilent Technologies
Sourced in Denmark, United States, United Kingdom
The EnVision/HRP is a compact, high-performance microplate reader system designed for a wide range of applications in life science research and drug discovery. The instrument combines sensitive photomultiplier tube (PMT) detection with advanced optical components to deliver reliable and accurate results across multiple detection modes, including absorbance, fluorescence, and luminescence. The EnVision/HRP provides a versatile platform for various assays and experiments, enabling researchers to obtain precise and reproducible data.
8
Increasing temperature hot plate by IITC Life Science
Sourced in United States
The Increasing-temperature hot plate is a laboratory equipment designed to heat and maintain a consistent temperature. It can gradually increase the temperature of samples placed on its surface. The device's core function is to provide a controlled heating source for various laboratory applications.
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Eurostar by IKA Group
Sourced in Germany
The Eurostar is a laboratory equipment product offered by IKA Group. It is a stirrer that is designed to mix and homogenize liquids and suspensions in various laboratory applications.
10
Wash buffer by Agilent Technologies
Sourced in United States, Denmark, United Kingdom, Switzerland
Wash buffer is a solution used to rinse and clean laboratory equipment, such as pipettes, containers, and other glassware, during experimental procedures. It helps remove contaminants, residues, and impurities from the equipment, ensuring proper cleaning and preparation for subsequent use.

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