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Osmosis

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Most cited protocols related to «Osmosis»

1
Zebrafish Embryonic Development Protocol
Embryonic zebrafish were obtained from a Tropical 5D strain of zebrafish (Danio rerio) reared in the Sinnhuber Aquatic Research Laboratory (SARL) at Oregon State University, Corvallis. Adults were kept at standard laboratory conditions of 28 °C on a 14-h light/10-h dark photoperiod in fish water (FW) consisting of reverse-osmosis water supplemented with a commercially available salt (Instant Ocean, www.instantocean.com) to create a salinity of 600 microsiemens. Sodium bicarbonate was added as needed to adjust the pH to 7.4. Zebrafish were group spawned, and embryos were collected and staged as described by Kimmel et al.16 (link)
Mandrell D., Truong L., Jephson C., Sarker M.R., Moore A., Lang C., Simonich M.T, & Tanguay R.L. (2012). Automated Zebrafish Chorion Removal and Single Embryo Placement: Optimizing Throughput of Zebrafish Developmental Toxicity Screens. Journal of Laboratory Automation, 17(1), 66-74.
Publication 2012
Adult Bicarbonate, Sodium Embryo Fishes Light Osmosis Salinity Sodium Chloride Strains Zebrafish
2
Quantitative Mycotoxin Analysis by HPLC
HiPerSolv Chromanorm HPLC gradient grade acetonitrile was purchased from VWR Chemicals (Vienna, Austria), LC-MS Chromasolv grade methanol was obtained from Honeywell (Seelze, Germany), and LC-MS grade ammonium acetate and glacial acetic acid (p.a.) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna, Austria). A Purelab Ultra system (ELGA LabWater, Celle, Germany) was used for further purification of reverse osmosis water.
Reference standards of mycotoxins and fungal metabolites were either isolated in-house, obtained as gifts, or purchased from the following commercial sources: Romer Labs® Inc. (Tulln, Austria), AnalytiCon Discovery (Potsdam, Germany), Bio Australis (Smithfield, Australia), Fermentek Ltd. (Jerusalem, Israel), AdipoGen Life Sciences (Liestal, Switzerland), BioViotica Naturstoffe GmbH (Dransfeld, Germany), Cfm Oskar Tropitzsch GmbH (Marktredwitz, Germany), Toronto Research Chemicals (Toronto, Canada), Santa Cruz Bioechnology Inc. (Dallas, TE, USA), Sigma-Aldrich (Vienna, Austria), Iris Biotech GmbH (Marktredwitz, Germany), Enzo Life Sciences (Lausen, Switzerland), Chiralix B.V. (Nijmegen, The Netherlands), CSIR Biosciences (Pretoria, South Africa), THP Medical Products (Vienna, Austria), AG Research (Christchurch, New Zealand), Takara Bio Europe (Saint-Germain-En-Laye, France), and LGC Promochem GmbH (Wesel, Germany). The related details are given in Electronic Supplementary Material (ESM) Table S1.
Stock solutions of each analyte were prepared by dissolving the solid substance, preferably at 250 μg/ml in acetonitrile, but depending on the respective solubility, a few compounds were dissolved in acetonitrile/water 1:1 (v/v), methanol or water instead. Sixty-two intermediate mixes were prepared by mixing the stock solutions of 10 analytes each for easier handling. The final multi-analyte standard was freshly prepared prior to spiking experiments by mixing of the intermediate mixes. All solutions were stored at − 20 °C.
Sulyok M., Stadler D., Steiner D, & Krska R. (2020). Validation of an LC-MS/MS-based dilute-and-shoot approach for the quantification of > 500 mycotoxins and other secondary metabolites in food crops: challenges and solutions. Analytical and Bioanalytical Chemistry, 412(11), 2607-2620.
Publication 2020
Acetic Acid acetonitrile ammonium acetate Gifts High-Performance Liquid Chromatographies Iris Plant Methanol Mycotoxins Osmosis
3
Intensity Ratings of Taste and Chemesthetic Stimuli

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Publication 2012
Auditory Perception Capsaicin Osmosis Potassium Chloride Quinine Hydrochloride Savory Sodium Chloride Sucrose Taste Touch
4
Intracranial Aneurysm Formation in Mice
Detailed descriptions of the methods are provided in Online Data Supplement at “http://hyper.ahajournals.org.”
In order to test whether the combination treatment of single elastase injection and pharmacologically-induced hypertension can cause the formation of intracranial aneurysms in mice, we treated C57BL/6J mice (8–10 weeks old) with a single stereotaxic injection of elastase at the right basal cistern, immediately followed by induction of systemic hypertension with continuous injection of angiotensin-II. After two weeks, we sacrificed the mice and perfused the animals with a bromophenol blue dye and gelatin mixture.
Our preliminary study indicated a wide variation in vessel diameter for the Circle of Willis and its major branches in mice. In order to have a conservative and consistent control for our experiment, we used the diameter of the basilar artery–one of the larger vessels in the brain circulation with relatively little variation—as a reference blood vessel. Aneurysms were operationally defined as a localized outward bulging of the vascular wall whose diameter is greater than 150% of the basilar artery diameter. The Circle of Willis or its major primary branches were assessed by two investigators in a blinded manner.
To assess the relationship between the elastase dose and the incidence of aneurysms, four groups of mice were prepared: Group 1: 35 milli-units of heat-inactivated elastase, Group 2: PBS (n=10), Group 3: 3.5 milli-units of elastase (n=10). Group 4: 17.5 milli-units of elastase (n=20), and Group 5: 35 milli-units of elastase (n = 44). Angiotensin-II was administered at 1000 ng/kg/min for two weeks in all groups.
To assess the relationship between the angiotensin-II concentration and the incidence of aneurysms, three groups of mice were prepared: Group 1: continuous infusion of PBS via osmotic pump (n=10), Group 2: 500 ng/kg/min of angiotensin-II (n=10), Group 3: 1000 ng/kg/min of angiotensin-II (n=44). This group (Group 3) is the same as the Group 5 in the above-mentioned experiment testing the dose dependency of elastase effects. 35 milli-units of elastase were administered to all groups.
Nuki Y., Tsou T.L., Kurihara C., Kanematsu M., Kanematsu Y, & Hashimoto T. (2009). Elastase-induced intracranial aneurysms in hypertensive mice. Hypertension, 54(6), 1337-1344.
Publication 2009
Aneurysm Angiotensin II Animals Basilar Artery Blood Vessel Brain Bromphenol Blue Circle of Willis Dietary Supplements Gelatins High Blood Pressures Intracranial Aneurysm Mice, House Mice, Inbred C57BL Osmosis Pancreatic Elastase
5
Prostate stem cell lineage tracing
The Nkx3.1CreERT2/+ allele was generated by gene targeting using standard techniques; the Nkx3.1 null mutant mice have been previously described21 (link). R26R-lacZ and Pten conditional mutant mice were obtained from the Jackson Laboratory Induced Mutant Resource; the R26R-YFP mice were provided by Dr. Frank Costantini. All lines were maintained on a hybrid C57BL/6-129/Sv strain background.
Castration of adult male mice was performed using standard techniques. For tamoxifen induction of Cre activity in mice containing Nkx3.1CreERT2/+, mice were administered 9 mg/40 g tamoxifen for 4 consecutive days. For prostate regeneration, physiological levels of testosterone (1.875 µg/hr) were administered for four weeks by subcutaneous implantation of mini-osmotic pumps (Alzet)45 (link). When included, BrdU (100 mg/kg) was administered once daily during the first three days of regeneration. For single-cell transplantation, single YFP+ cells were isolated by mouth-pipetting under epifluorescence illumination from a dissociated prostate cell suspension obtained from castrated and tamoxifen-induced Nkx3.1CreERT2/+; R26R-YFP/+ mice. A single YFP+ cell (or YFP− cell as a control) was recombined with 2.5 × 105 rat urogenital sinus mesenchyme cells in a 10 µl collagen pad, followed by transplantation under the kidney capsule of nude mice and harvesting after 10–12 weeks.
Cryosections were stained with primary antibodies as listed in Supp. Table 5, and counterstained with TOPRO3 or DAPI (Invitrogen/Molecular Probes). Secondary antibodies were labeled with Alexa Fluor 488 , 555, or 594 (Invitrogen/Molecular Probes). Immunofluorescence staining was imaged using a Leica TCS5 spectral confocal microscope. Cell counting was performed manually using confocal photomicrographs with at least three animals for each experiment or genotype analyzed.
Wang X., Kruithof-de Julio M., Economides K.D., Walker D., Yu H., Halili M.V., Hu Y.P., Price S.M., Abate-Shen C, & Shen M.M. (2009). A luminal epithelial stem cell that is a cell of origin for prostate cancer. Nature, 461(7263), 495-500.
Publication 2009
Adult alexa fluor 488 Alleles Animals Antibodies Bromodeoxyuridine Capsule Cells Cell Transplantation Collagen Cryoultramicrotomy DAPI Fluorescent Antibody Technique Genotype Hybrids Kidney LacZ Genes Light Male Castration Mesenchyma Mice, Knockout Mice, Nude Microscopy, Confocal Molecular Probes Mus Oral Cavity Orchiectomy Osmosis Ovum Implantation Photomicrography physiology Prostate PTEN protein, human Regeneration Sinuses, Nasal Strains System, Genitourinary Tamoxifen Testosterone Transplantation

Most recents protocols related to «Osmosis»

1
Volatile Analysis of Plant Morphotypes
We collected volatiles from the leaves of the two morphotypes under the same growth conditions and ambient temperature, in biological triplicates. Approximately 100 g of dry leaves from the two morphotypes, were extracted with 1000 mL of reverse osmosis water using a Clevenger apparatus87 , following four hours of extraction by hydro-distillation. Samples of the essential oils extracted from the leaves were analyzed using gas chromatography with a flame ionization detector (GC-FID) (Shimadzu GC-2010 Plus) and gas chromatography coupled to mass spectrometry (GC–MS) (Shimadzu GCMS-QP2010 SE).
We conducted the analyses according to the following conditions: helium (He) as the carrier gas for both detectors, with the flow and linear speeds of 2.80 mL min−1 and 50.8 cm s−1 (GC-FID), and 1.98 mL min−1 and 50.9 cm s−1 (GC–MS), respectively; injection port temperature of 220 °C with a split ratio of 1:30; fused silica capillary column (30 m × 0.25 mm); stationary phase Rtx®-5MS (0.25 μm film thickness); oven with an initial temperature of 40 °C, maintained for 3 min, then gradually increased by 3 °C min−1 until 180 °C, where it remained for 10 min (total analysis time: 59.67 min); and FID and MS detector temperature of 240 °C and 200 °C, respectively49 (link). The used samples were taken from the vials in 1 μL of a solution containing 3% essential oil dissolved in hexane with 0.1 mol L−1 dimethylacetamide (DMA; external standard for reproducibility control).
The GC–MS analyses were performed using electron impact equipment with an impact energy of 70 eV, scanning speed of 1000, scanning interval of 0.50 fragments s−1, and fragments detected from 29 to 400 (m/z). The GC-FID analyses were carried out in a flame formed by H2 and atmospheric air at a temperature of 300 °C. Flow rates of 40 mL min−1 and 400 mL min−1 were used for H2 and air, respectively. Identification of the compounds in the essential oils was accomplished by comparing the obtained mass spectra with those available in the spectral library database (Wiley 7, NIST 05, and NIST 05 s) and retention indices (RI). To calculate the RIs, we used a mixture of saturated alkanes C7–C40 (Supelco-USA) and adjusted retention time of each compound, obtained by GC-FID. The values calculated for each compound were compared with those reported in literature88 –90 .
We calculated the relative percentage of each compound in the essential oil using the ratio between the integral area of the peaks and the total area of all sample constituents obtained via GC-FID analyses. The compounds with a relative area above 2% were identified and considered predominant if above 10%.
Canal D., Escudero F.L., Mendes L.A., da Silva Ferreira M.F, & Turchetto-Zolet A.C. (2023). Genome-wide identification, expression profile and evolutionary relationships of TPS genes in the neotropical fruit tree species Psidium cattleyanum. Scientific Reports, 13, 3930.
Publication 2023
Alkanes Biopharmaceuticals Capillaries cDNA Library dimethylacetamide Distillation Electrons Flame Ionization Gas Chromatography Gas Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry Growth Disorders Helium Mass Spectrometry n-hexane Oils, Volatile Osmosis Retention (Psychology) Silicon Dioxide
2
Angiotensin II-Induced Gene Expression
The effects of αv knockout on gene expression were examined at 6 weeks after tamoxifen injection followed or not by a 4-week treatment with Ang II. Anaesthesia was induced by isoflurane inhalation at 3.5% in 1 L/min oxygen, and then maintained at 1.5% in 1 L/min oxygen during the intervention. Angiotensin II was administered at 1.5 mg/kg/day for 28 days via subcutaneous Alzet osmotic minipumps (Charles River, L’Arbresle, France). Prior to pump implantation, mice were conditioned to tail-cuff blood pressure measurement using a computerized mouse tail-cuff sphygmomanometer (Hatteras Instruments, Inc., NC, USA). Systolic arterial pressure (SAP) and heart rate (HR) were measured on the day of surgery and on day 28 prior to euthanasia. Mice were euthanized via exsanguination under isoflurane anaesthesia (1.5% in 1 L/min oxygen). Carotid arteries were used for morphological and histological analyses and thoracic aorta for all other parameters. It is generally accepted including our previous studies that changes in gene and/or protein expression are similar in these two main conductance arteries.14 (link),15 (link)
Li Z., Belozertseva E., Parlakian A., Bascetin R., Louis H., Kawamura Y., Blanc J., Gao-Li J., Pinet F., Lacy-Hulbert A., Challande P., Humphrey J.D., Regnault V, & Lacolley P. (2023). Smooth muscle αv integrins regulate vascular fibrosis via CD109 downregulation of TGF-β signalling. European Heart Journal Open, 3(2), oead010.
Publication 2023
Anesthesia Angiotensin II Arteries Carotid Arteries Determination, Blood Pressure Euthanasia Exsanguination Gene Expression Genes Inhalation Isoflurane Mus Osmosis Ovum Implantation Oxygen Proteins Rate, Heart Rivers Sphygmomanometers Surgery, Day Systolic Pressure Tail Tamoxifen Thoracic Aorta
3
Immune Response Profiling in Mice
Experiments were performed using 8–10 weeks old MMTV-neu/OT-I/OT-II (MMTV), C57BL/6, GCSFR−/−, BoyJ, Rag1−/−, and OT-I age- and sex-matched mice. Animals were housed under specific-pathogen-free conditions and were fed autoclaved food and reverse osmosis water. All protocols in this study followed guidelines provided by the Canadian Council for Animal Care and the University of British Columbia Animal Care Committee.
Matos I., Barvalia M., Chehal M.K., Robertson A.G., Kulic I., Silva J.A., Ranganathan A., Short A., Huang Y.H., Long E., Priatel J.J., Dhanji S., Nelson B.H., Krebs D.L, & Harder K.W. (2023). Tumor-derived GCSF Alters Tumor and Systemic Immune System Cell Subset Composition and Signaling. Cancer Research Communications, 3(3), 404-419.
Publication 2023
Animal Care Committees Animals CSF3R protein, human Food Mice, House Mouse mammary tumor virus Osmosis RAG-1 Gene Specific Pathogen Free
4
Urinary Response to PTH Receptor Activation in Mice
Mice were housed at the University of Pittsburgh Department of Laboratory Animals. Experimental procedures were approved by the University of Pittsburgh Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee. Mice were propagated in the C57Bl/6J background. All experimental mice were the product of crosses between male and female Muc1+/− mice. Genotyping was performed as previously described (39 (link)). All Muc1+/+ (control) mice were littermate controls. Mice were fed Prolab Isopro RMH 3000, LabDiet chow (1.09% Ca2+, 0.24% Mg2+, 0.94% K+, and 0.23% Na+) and water purified by reverse osmosis. They were maintained on a 12 h/12 h light/dark cycle.
Urine collection was performed as follows: to ensure voiding and to prevent volume depletion, animals were first injected with 7.5% (volume/body weight) sterile NSS and then placed in a metabolic cage. Urine voided in the first 30 min was discarded. Urine was then collected over the next 3.5 h. Animals were sacrificed, and bladder urine was aspirated and combined with urine collected in metabolic cages.
At time of sacrifice, mice underwent nonsurvival surgery under isoflurane anesthesia to collect blood, kidney, and duodenum specimens.
To examine urinary response to PTH receptor activation, mice were injected with the stable PTH analog, TPT. Mice were given an injection of vehicle alone (5% volume/body weight NSS, i.p.), and urine was collected in metabolic cages as six 1-h fractions. Two days later, mice were again injected with 5% body weight NSS, this time with 150 μg/kg TPT. Urine was again collected in metabolic cages as six 1-h fractions to assess urinary excretion of Na, phosphorus, and Ca.
Al-bataineh M.M., Kinlough C.L., Marciszyn A., Lam T., Ye L., Kidd K., Maggiore J.C., Poland P.A., Kmoch S., Bleyer A., Bain D.J., Montalbetti N., Kleyman T.R., Hughey R.P, & Ray E.C. (2023). Influence of glycoprotein MUC1 on trafficking of the Ca2+-selective ion channels, TRPV5 and TRPV6, and on in vivo calcium homeostasis. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 299(3), 102925.
Publication 2023
Anesthesia Animals Animals, Domestic BLOOD Body Weight Duodenum Females Institutional Animal Care and Use Committees Isoflurane Kidney Males Mice, House MUC1 protein, human Operative Surgical Procedures Osmosis Phosphorus Sterility, Reproductive Urinary Bladder Urine Urine Specimen Collection
5
Isolation of PBMC and Granulocytes from Arterial Blood
Blood was drawn after the induction of anesthesia and a subsequent stabilization period (T1) as well as 24 h (T2) and 64 h (T3) after shock induction (Figure 1). 14 lithium-heparin (LiHep) monovettes with a volume of 9 mL each (Sarstedt, Nümbrecht, Germany) were used to collect approximately 120 mL of arterial whole blood each time point. After 1:1 dilution with PBS (without CaCl2, MgCl2), the drawn blood was layered onto a two density gradient solutions (9 mL 1.119 and 8 mL 1.088 g/mL solution, Pancoll, PAN Biotech, Aidenbach, Germany). Centrifugation at 764 g without break at room temperature (RT) for 20 min resulted in a PBMC top layer and a bottom layer containing red blood cells (RBCs) and granulocytes. The cells were resuspended in water for short-time osmotic lysis to remove residual RBCs before stopping the reaction with 10 × PBS to avoid lysis of leukocytes. Osmotic lysis was applied to PBMCs only once, while three procedures were required for granulocytes due to the high fraction of RBCs in the bottom layer. After removal of all RBC contamination, cells were washed once with 1 × PBS and subsequently counted in a Neubauer counting chamber. On average, isolated cells could be used for experiments experiments 2 – 3 h after blood withdrawal was firstly initiated.
Wolfschmitt E.M., Hogg M., Vogt J.A., Zink F., Wachter U., Hezel F., Zhang X., Hoffmann A., Gröger M., Hartmann C., Gässler H., Datzmann T., Merz T., Hellmann A., Kranz C., Calzia E., Radermacher P, & Messerer D.A. (2023). The effect of sodium thiosulfate on immune cell metabolism during porcine hemorrhage and resuscitation. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1125594.
Publication 2023
Anesthesia Arteries BLOOD Cells Centrifugation Granulocyte Heparin Leukocytes Lithium-9 Magnesium Chloride Osmosis Shock Technique, Dilution

Top products related to «Osmosis»

1
Ang 2 by Merck Group
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Ang II is a peptide hormone that is involved in the regulation of blood pressure and fluid balance in the body. It is a key component of the renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system (RAAS), which plays a central role in the homeostatic control of blood pressure, fluid, and electrolyte balance. Ang II acts on specific receptors to exert its physiological effects.
2
Alzet osmotic pump by Durect
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Alzet osmotic pumps are laboratory devices that provide a controlled and continuous delivery of substances over an extended period of time. They operate using an osmotic mechanism, where water from the surrounding environment enters the pump and gradually pushes the contents out at a pre-determined rate.
3
Alzet osmotic minipump by Durect
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Alzet osmotic minipumps are a type of laboratory equipment designed to continuously deliver small, controlled amounts of substances over an extended period. The core function of these minipumps is to provide a reliable and precise method for administering drugs, hormones, or other compounds in animal research studies.
4
Fetal bovine serum (fbs) by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso) by Merck Group
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DMSO is a versatile organic solvent commonly used in laboratory settings. It has a high boiling point, low viscosity, and the ability to dissolve a wide range of polar and non-polar compounds. DMSO's core function is as a solvent, allowing for the effective dissolution and handling of various chemical substances during research and experimentation.
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Alzet mini osmotic pump by Durect
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The Alzet mini-osmotic pumps are small, implantable devices designed to deliver precise and continuous amounts of substances into laboratory animals. The pumps operate using the principle of osmosis, allowing for the controlled and sustained release of various compounds over an extended period of time.
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C57bl 6j mice by Jackson ImmunoResearch
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C57BL/6J mice are a widely used inbred mouse strain. They are a commonly used model organism in biomedical research.
8
Osmotic minipump by Durect
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Osmotic minipumps are implantable devices designed to deliver substances at a controlled and continuous rate. They function by using the osmotic pressure difference between an inner and outer compartment to drive the release of a pre-loaded drug or compound.
9
Alzet model 2004 by Durect
Sourced in United States
The Alzet model 2004 is a laboratory device designed for the continuous and controlled delivery of substances to small laboratory animals. It functions as an osmotic pump, utilizing the principles of osmosis to deliver the desired substance at a pre-determined rate over an extended period. The device is compact, implantable, and designed for use in research applications.

More about "Osmosis"

Osmosis: PubCompare.ai is an innovative AI-driven platform that helps researchers optimize their experimental protocols and enhance the reproducibility of their studies.
This powerful tool enables users to effortlessly locate protocols from scientific literature, preprints, and patents, and utilizes advanced AI algorithms to compare and identify the most suitable protocols and products for their research needs.
The platform streamlines workflows and elevates the quality of research by providing a concise, informative overview of available resources.
Researchers can leverage Osmosis: PubCompare.ai to navigate the complexities of the scientific landscape and make informed decisions about their experimental approaches.
Delve deeper into the capabilities of this remarkable tool by exploring related concepts such as Ang II (Angiotensin II), Alzet osmotic pumps, Alzet osmotic minipumps, FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum), DMSO (Dimethyl Sulfoxide), Alzet mini-osmotic pumps, C57BL/6J mice, and Osmotic minipumps.
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