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Food Microbiology

Food microbiology is the study of microorganisms and their interactions with food.
This field encompasses the examination of bacteria, viruses, yeasts, and molds that can be found in food products, as well as the processes that influence their growth and survival.
Food microbiologists investigate topics such as food spoilage, food-borne illnesses, fermentation, and food preservation techniques.
Their research helps ensure the safety and quality of the global food supply, promoting public health and supporting the food industry.
By understanding the microbial ecology of food systems, food microbiologists can develop improved methods for detecting, controlling, and eliminating harmful microorganisms, whlie also leveraging beneficial microbes for productino of foods and beverages.
This dynamic field requiers the integration of microbiology, chemistry, engineering, and other disciplines to advance the science of food safety and quality.

Most cited protocols related to «Food Microbiology»

1
Taxonomic study of Aspergillus section Fumigati
The fungi examined included type strains or representatives of all species
available for examination in Aspergillus section Fumigati.
Some atypical isolates collected in Australia and Papua New-Guinea were also
examined to clarify their taxonomic status
(Table 1).

Aspergillus section Fumigati isolates used in this
study.

SpeciesIsolate
No.*		Source
A. brevipesCBS
118.53T		 Soil, Australia
A. duricaulisCBS
481.65T		 Soil, Buenos Aires, Argentina
A. fumigatiaffinis IBT12703T Soil, U.S.A.
A. fumigatusCBS
133.61T = NRRL 163
 Chicken lung, U.S.A.
A. fumisynnematus IFM 42277T Soil, Venezuela
A. lentulusCBS
117887T = NRRL 35552 = KACC 41940
 Man, U.S.A.
A. novofumigatus IBT 16806T Soil, Ecuador
A. unilateralisCBS
126.56T		 Rhizosphere, Australia
A. viridinutansCBS
127.56T		 Rabbit dung, Australia
A. turcosus KACC 42090 = IBT 27920
 Air conditioner, Inchen, Korea
KACC 42091T = IBT 27921
 Air conditioner, Seoul, Korea
KACC 41955 = CBS
117265= IBT 3016
 Car air conditioner, Seoul, Korea
N. assulata KACC 41691T Tomato soil, Buyeo, Korea
N. aurataCBS
466.65T		 Jungle soil, Brunei
N. aureolaCBS
105.55T		 Soil, Tafo, Ghana
N. australensis sp. nov
CBS
112.55T = NRRL 2392 = IBT 3021
 Garden soil, Adelaide, Australia
N. coreana KACC 41659T = NRRL 35590 =
CBS 121594		 Tomato soil, Buyeo, Korea
N. denticulataCBS
652.73T = KACC 41183
 Soil under Elaeis guineensis, Suriname
CBS 290.74 = KACC
41175
Acer pseudoplatanus, Netherlands
N. fennelliaeCBS
598.74T		 Eye ball of Oryctolagus cuniculus, U.S.A.
CBS 599.74 Eye ball of Oryctolagus cuniculus, U.S.A.
N. ferencziisp. nov.CBS
121594T = IBT 27813 = NRRL 4179
 Soil, Australia
N. fischeriCBS
544.65T = NRRL 181
 Canned apples
N. galapagensisCBS
117522T = IBT 16756 = KACC 41935
 Soil, Ecuador
CBS 117521 = IBT
16763 = KACC 41936
 Soil, Ecuador
N. glabraCBS
111.55T		 Rubber scrab from old tire, Iowa, U.S.A.
N. hiratsukaeCBS
294.93T		 Aloe juice, Tokyo, Japan
N. laciniosa KACC 41657T = NRRL 35589 =
CBS 117721		 Tomato soil, Buyeo, Korea
N. multiplicataCBS
646.95T = IBT 17517
 Soil, Mouli, Taiwan
N. nishimurae IFM 54133 = IBT 29024
 Forest soil, Kenya
N. nishimuraeCBS 116047 Cardboard, Netherlands
N. papuensissp. nov.CBS
841.96T = IBT 27801
 Bark of Podocarpus sp. (Podocarpaceae), bark, Myola, Owen Stanley
Range, Northern Province, Papua New Guinea
N. pseudofischeri NRRL 20748T = CBS
208.92		 Human vertebrate, U.S.A.
N. quadricinctaCBS
135.52T = NRRL 2154
 Cardboard, York, U.K.
CBS 107078 Soil, Korea
CBS 100942 Fruit juice, Netherlands
CBS 253.94 Canned oolong tea beverage, Japan (type strain of N. primulina)
N. spathulataCBS
408.89T		 Soil under Alocasia macrorrhiza, Taiwan
N. spinosaCBS
483.65T		 Soil, Nicaragua
N. strameniaCBS
498.65T		 Soil from maple-ash-elm forest, Wisconsin, U.S.A.
N. tatenoiCBS
407.93T		 Soil of sugarcane, Timbauba, Brazil
CBS 101754 Fruit, Yunnan, China (type strain of N. delicata)
N. udagawaeCBS
114217T		 Soil, Brazil
CBS 114218 Soil, Brazil
N. warcupiisp. nov. NRRL 35723T Arid soil, Finder”s Range, Australia

CBS = Centraalbureau voor Schimmelcultures, Utrecht, the Netherlands; IBT =
Institute for Biotechnology, Lyngby, Technical University of Denmark; IFM =
Institute for Food Microbiology (at present, the Research Center for
Pathogenic Fungi and Microbial Toxicoses, Chiba University), Chiba, Japan;
KACC = Korean Agricultural Culture Collection, Suwon, Korea; NRRL =
Agricultural Research Service Culture Collection, Peoria, Illinois, U.S.A.; T
= type strain.

Samson R.A., Hong S., Peterson S.W., Frisvad J.C, & Varga J. (2007). Polyphasic taxonomy of Aspergillus section Fumigati and its teleomorph Neosartorya. Studies in Mycology, 59, 147-203.
Publication 2007
Acer Adrenal Cortex Alocasia macrorrhiza Aloe Aspergillus Beverages Chickens Feces Food Microbiology Forests Fruit Fruit Juices Fungi Homo sapiens Koreans Lung Lycopersicon esculentum Oryctolagus cuniculus Pathogenicity Rabbits Rhizosphere Rubber Saccharum Strains Vertebrates
2
Evaluating Microbial Load Quantification
Different samples representing biotechnology, agriculture, medicine, food microbiology, environmental microbiology and applied microbiology where there was no clear idea about the prevalent bacterial or yeast cfu in the sample were tested through the SP-SDS approach. The preferred dilutions from the anchored stocks included 100–105 or 101–106 for liquid samples, and 101–106 for solid samples avoiding the particulate 100. Further, SP-SDS was tried for parallel testing of two or multiple samples in a plate. This included testing the effect due to different diluents on E. cloacae where the 100 stock in FDW was taken through serial dilution in saline (NaCl 9 g l−1), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), peptone–water (10 g l−1 peptone and 5 g l−1 NaCl; pH 7.2) [1] , peptone-salt (1 g l−1 each peptone and NaCl; pH 7.0; [23] (link)) or nutrient broth (pH 7.4) employing FDW as control. In another trial, E. cloacae dilutions prepared in FDW and peptone salt was monitored with SP–SDS after static incubation over 5 h at 20 min intervals during the initial one hour and hourly thereafter employing the decimal dilutions 103–108. Further experimental details are provided under Results and Discussion.
Thomas P., Sekhar A.C., Upreti R., Mujawar M.M, & Pasha S.S. (2015). Optimization of single plate-serial dilution spotting (SP-SDS) with sample anchoring as an assured method for bacterial and yeast cfu enumeration and single colony isolation from diverse samples. Biotechnology Reports, 8, 45-55.
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Publication 2015
Bacteria Enterobacter Environmental Microbiology Food Microbiology Nutrients Peptones Pharmaceutical Preparations Phosphates Saline Solution Sodium Chloride Technique, Dilution Yeast, Dried
3
Isolation and Identification of Enterobacterales from Raw Fish and Shrimp
In the study, 62 strains from the collection of the Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology at the University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn were used. Strains were isolated from 117 samples of raw fish meat and 39 raw shrimps, including 58 samples of Atlantic salmon (Salmo salar), 59 samples of rainbow trout (Oncorhynchus mykiss) and 39 samples of prawns (Penaeus monodon). Strains were grown from frozen stocks, kept in the Microbank (Biomaxima, Lublin, Poland) at −80 °C in 5 mL of Brain Heart Infusion broth (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) overnight at 37 °C.
Isolation of Enterobacterales was performed by putting together 10 g of raw fish with 90 mL of saline, then a series of 10-fold dilutions were performed in agreement with standard methods for initial suspension and decimal dilutions of test samples for microbiological examination (ISO 6887-1:2017-05) [31 ]. A total of 0.1 mL of the dilution was inoculated onto violet red bile glucose (VRBG) agar and incubated for 24 h at 37 °C. In order to confirm that typical colonies belong to the order Enterobacterales, an oxidase test was performed. Additionally, 10 strains from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) were identified as reference strains.
Zakrzewski A.J., Zarzecka U., Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, & Zadernowska A. (2022). A Comparison of Methods for Identifying Enterobacterales Isolates from Fish and Prawns. Pathogens, 11(4), 410.
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Publication 2022
Agar Bile Brain Fishes Food Microbiology Freezing Glucose Heart isolation Meat Oncorhynchus mykiss Oxidases Penaeus Saline Solution Salmo salar Strains Technique, Dilution Viola
4
Evaluating Bacillus-based Biopesticide Efficacy
The study was conducted with six strains of S. enterica and six strains of the B. cereus group from the culture collection of the Laboratory of Food Microbiology and Food Preservation (LFMFP) at Ghent University (UGent; Ghent, Belgium) (Table 1). All strains were stored at −75°C on glass beads and revived in 9 ml of brain heart infusion broth (BHI; Oxoid, United Kingdom) overnight at 37°C (S. enterica) and 30°C (B. cereus) before use. Loops of the overnight cultures were streaked on the surface of Xylose Lysine Deoxycholate (XLD) agar (Oxoid) or Mannitol Egg Yolk Polymyxin (MYP) agar (Oxoid) plates to check the purity of Salmonella and B. cereus group strains, respectively. After incubation for 24 h, a single colony on each selective agar plates (XLD or MYP) was transferred to BHI slants [37 g/L BHI and 16 g/L bacteriological agar (Oxoid)] and incubated for 24 h at 30°C or 37°C, and kept as work stocks for maximum 6 weeks.
The PPP XenTari® WG was kindly provided by Valent BioSciences LCC (Libertyville, IL, United States), for experimental testing. The XenTari® WG selected for the study was the Water Dispersible Granule powder formulation that contains spores of BTa ABTS-1857 and insecticidal toxin proteins. For BTa ABTS-1857 spores inoculum, the powder was dissolved in sterile distilled water and further diluted until the desired concentration. For BTa ABTS-1857 vegetative cells inoculum, the B. thuringiensis strain was isolated from the XenTari® WG powder by plating the dissolved product on MYP agar and incubating for 24 h at 30°C. One single colony was selected, streaked on MYP agar, and then grown on BHI slants at 30°C for 24 h and kept as work stocks for maximum 6 weeks.
Zhao X., da Silva M.B., Van der Linden I., Franco B.D, & Uyttendaele M. (2021). Behavior of the Biological Control Agent Bacillus thuringiensis subsp. aizawai ABTS-1857 and Salmonella enterica on Spinach Plants and Cut Leaves. Frontiers in Microbiology, 12, 626029.
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Publication 2021
2,2'-azino-di-(3-ethylbenzothiazoline)-6-sulfonic acid Agar Biologic Preservation Brain Cells Cytoplasmic Granules Deoxycholate Food Microbiology Heart Insecticides Lysine Mannitol Polymyxins Powder Proteins Salmonella Spores Sterility, Reproductive Strains Toxins, Biological Xylose Yolks, Egg
5
Microbiological Analysis of Marjoram Leaves
The marjoram leaves were subjected to microbiological tests on the first and the fifth days after the plants were treated with ozone. The enumeration of Lactobacillus spp. in the raw material was determined using the method specified in PN-ISO 15214:2002 “Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs—Horizontal method for the enumeration of mesophilic lactic acid bacteria—Colony-count technique at 30 °C”. In accordance with this method, the count of living mesophilic lactic acid bacteria is performed in a solid MRS medium incubated at a temperature of 30 °C for 72 h. The yeast and mould count in 1 g of marjoram was determined using the method described in PN-EN ISO 21527-1:2009 “Microbiology of food and animal feeding stuffs—Horizontal method for the enumeration of yeasts and moulds. Colony count technique at 25 °C.” Enumeration of mesophilic aerobic bacteria in the relevant raw material was performed using the plate count method, in accordance with the standard set forth in (Ae) (O) PB-77/LM, 4th edition dated 07.12.2015. Finally, the presence of endospore producing anaerobes was determined using the method described in (Ae) (O) PB-13/LM, 4th edition, dated 07.04.2014. The analyses were performed in 3 replications.
Matłok N., Piechowiak T., Zardzewiały M., Gorzelany J, & Balawejder M. (2020). Effects of Ozone Treatment on Microbial Status and the Contents of Selected Bioactive Compounds in Origanum majorana L. Plants. Plants, 9(12), 1637.
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Publication 2020
Animals Bacteria, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Counts, Bacterial DNA Replication Food Microbiology Fungus, Filamentous Lactic Acid Lactobacillales Lactobacillus Marjoram Ozone Plants Saccharomyces cerevisiae Spores, Bacterial Yeasts

Most recents protocols related to «Food Microbiology»

1
Rhodotorula glutinis SRY Strain Cultivation
The Rhodotorula glutinis SRY strain was isolated and maintained by the Food Microbiology Team, Agro-Processing Institute, Jilin Academy of Agricultural Sciences. Protein, yeast extract powder, agar powder, sodium chloride, glucose, concentrated hydrochloric acid, acetone, zinc sulfate, manganese sulfate, ferrous sulfate, copper sulfate, hydrogen peroxide and sodium bicarbonate were all purchased from Sangon Biotech (Shanghai) Co., Ltd.; vitamin B1 was purchased from Cisen Pharmaceutical Co., Ltd.; soybean oil was purchased from Yihai Kerry Arawana Holdings Co, Ltd. and TWW is taken from the local market.
Xu X., Liu W., Niu H., Hua M., Su Y., Miao X., Chi Y., Xu H., Wang J., Sun M, & Li D. (2023). Study on the fermentation effect of Rhodotorula glutinis utilizing tofu whey wastewater and the influence of Rhodotorula glutinis on laying hens. Frontiers in Nutrition, 10, 1125720.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Acetone Agar Bicarbonate, Sodium ferrous sulfate Food Microbiology Glucose Hydrochloric acid manganese sulfate Peroxide, Hydrogen Pharmaceutical Preparations Powder Proteins Rhodotorula glutinis Sodium Chloride Soybean oil Strains Sulfate, Copper Thiamine Yeast, Dried Zinc Sulfate
2
Preparing Bacterial Cocktail for Antimicrobial Testing
The bacterial species tested in this study (Table 1) were obtained from the Food Microbiology Laboratory at Auburn University (USA). Salmonella Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis were incubated in 20 ml of Trypticase Soy Broth (TSB, Difco Laboratories Inc., USA) for 16 h at 37°C. After cultivation, each bacterial culture was washed 3 times with phosphate-buffered saline (PBS, pH 7.2, Sigma-Aldrich Co., USA) by centrifugation at 5,000 ×g for 5 min. The precipitated cells were resuspended in PBS and each bacterial concentration was determined using a preconstructed standard curve. A Salmonella cocktail was prepared by mixing equal amounts of S. Typhimurium and S. Enteritidis. Other bacterial species (Table 1), except Listeria spp., were cultured in TSB whereas two strains of Listeria were cultured in TSB containing 0.6% yeast extract (TSBYE) for 16 h at 37ºC. After cultivation, each bacterial culture was washed and centrifuged for preparing a bacterial suspension according to the abovementioned procedures.
, & Park M.K. (2023). Comparison of Gold Biosensor Combined with Light Microscope Imaging System with ELISA for Detecting Salmonella in Chicken after Exposure to Simulated Chilling Condition. Journal of Microbiology and Biotechnology, 33(2), 228-234.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Bacteria Cells Centrifugation Food Microbiology Listeria Phosphates Saline Solution Salmonella Salmonella typhimurium Strains trypticase-soy broth Yeast, Dried
3
Oral administration of L. plantarum strains
L. plantarum AR113 and its seven bshmutant strains were obtained from Shanghai Engineering Research Center of Food Microbiology, University of Shanghai for Science and Technology (Shanghai, China).32 (link) All strains were anaerobically cultured in deMan, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium at 37°C for 16h before centrifugation (3,000 × g for 3minat 4°C). The cell pellets were washed twice with phosphate buffer solution (pH 7.4) and then resuspended at a density of approximately 5 × 109CFU/mL, which was determined by colony counting on MRS plates, for the following experiments. Each mouse was orally administered with 1 x109 CFU of the strains in 0.2mL (5 × 109CFU/mL) by oral gavage daily from day 5 to day 12 of the experiment.
Feng X., Bu Z., Tang H., Xia Y., Song X., Ai L, & Wang G. (2023). Bile salt hydrolase of Lactiplantibacillus plantarum plays important roles in amelioration of DSS-induced colitis. iScience, 26(3), 106196.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Buffers Cells Centrifugation Food Microbiology Mus Pellets, Drug Phosphates Strains Tube Feeding
4
Genome Sequencing of L. monocytogenes Isolates from Food Samples
A total of 17 L. monocytogenes isolate species classified by Vitek MS (bioMerieux, Marcy-l’Étoile, France) were selected for the whole genome sequencing and genomic analyses. The strains came from a collection of the Department of Industrial and Food Microbiology at University of Warmia and Mazury in Olsztyn. Strains were isolated from food samples and food-processing premises (samples were taken from both non-food contact surfaces (drains, floors, freezers, aprons, door handles, and taps) and food contact surfaces) between 2018–2019 using the standard ISO 11290-1:2017-. The identification of the species level was conducted on MALDI-TOF MS (Vitek MS, biomerieux, France) and double confirmed by performing the standard PCR proposed by Ryu at al. [51 (link)]. The strains and sources of isolation are listed in Table 1.
Zakrzewski A.J., Kurpas M., Zadernowska A., Chajęcka-Wierzchowska W, & Fraqueza M.J. (2023). A Comprehensive Virulence and Resistance Characteristics of Listeria monocytogenes Isolated from Fish and the Fish Industry Environment. International Journal of Molecular Sciences, 24(4), 3581.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Food Food Microbiology Genome isolation Spectrometry, Mass, Matrix-Assisted Laser Desorption-Ionization Strains
5
Frozen Seafood Sampling and Analysis
A total of 440 frozen domestic and imported seafood samples (shrimp (whole), catfish (fillet) and tilapia (fillet)) were aseptically and randomly collected at monthly intervals from four retail stores on the Delmarva Peninsula on the Eastern Shore of Maryland from August 2012 to July 2013. The stores from which samples were collected were labeled as A, B, C and D, respectively. On each sampling day, up to 13 samples of each seafood type were collected from the four stores, depending on the availability. The type of seafood, country of origin and production date were also recorded during collection. The random collection of samples did not consider the duration and conditions of storage as well as the handling and transportation conditions due to the privacy of each store. All imported tilapia (n = 84) were from China while all imported catfish (n = 60) were from Vietnam. Imported shrimp originated from India (n = 20), Indonesia (n = 33) and Thailand (n = 29).
Samples collected frozen included shrimp (n = 142), catfish (n = 142) and tilapia (n = 156). Each sample weighed 500 g. After collection, all samples were placed in an ice chest with ice packs and a data logger (ACR Systems, Inc., Surrey, Canada) and transported directly to the Food Microbiology and Safety Laboratory at the University of Maryland Eastern Shore for analysis. All samples remained frozen during transport and all analyses were performed within four hours of collection.
Elbashir S., Jahncke M., DePaola A., Bowers J., Schwarz J., Punchihewage-Don A.J., Min B., Rippen T, & Parveen S. (2023). Prevalence and Abundance of Bacterial Pathogens of Concern in Shrimp, Catfish and Tilapia Obtained at Retail Stores in Maryland, USA. Pathogens, 12(2), 187.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Birth Chest Food Microbiology Freezing Safety Seafood Siluriformes Specimen Collection Tilapia Training Programs

Top products related to «Food Microbiology»

1
Mrs broth by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Singapore, Japan, Spain
MRS broth is a culture medium used for the isolation and cultivation of lactic acid bacteria, particularly Lactobacillus species. It provides the necessary nutrients and growth factors required by these microorganisms. The formulation of MRS broth is based on the de Man, Rogosa, and Sharpe (MRS) medium.
2
Brain heart infusion broth by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Macao
Brain heart infusion broth is a general-purpose microbiological growth medium used to cultivate a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria and fungi. It provides the necessary nutrients and growth factors to support the growth of a diverse range of microbial species.
3
Vibrio harveyi by American Type Culture Collection
Vibrio harveyi is a marine bacterium that can be used as a laboratory instrument. It serves as a model organism for studies in microbiology and molecular biology.
4
Phosphate buffered saline (pbs) by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Poland, Spain, France, Sao Tome and Principe, Australia, China, Canada, Ireland, Japan, Macao, Switzerland, India, Belgium, Denmark, Israel, Brazil, Austria, Portugal, Sweden, Singapore, Czechia, Malaysia, Hungary
PBS (Phosphate-Buffered Saline) is a widely used buffer solution in biological and medical research. It is a balanced salt solution that maintains a stable pH and osmotic pressure, making it suitable for a variety of applications. PBS is primarily used for washing, diluting, and suspending cells and biological samples.
5
Buffered peptone water (bpw) by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, Poland
Buffered peptone water is a microbiological culture medium used for the enrichment and cultivation of a wide range of bacteria. It provides a buffered, nutrient-rich environment to support the growth of various bacterial species. The core function of buffered peptone water is to facilitate the isolation and identification of bacteria from different samples.
6
Brain heart infusion broth by Liofilchem
Sourced in Italy
Brain Heart Infusion broth is a general-purpose, nutritionally rich microbiological culture medium. It is used to support the growth and cultivation of a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, yeasts, and fungi.
7
Sodium chloride (nacl) by Sangon
Sourced in China, United States, United Kingdom
NaCl, also known as sodium chloride, is a chemical compound that is commonly used in a variety of laboratory equipment and procedures. It is a white, crystalline solid that is soluble in water and has a distinct salty taste. NaCl is a core component in many laboratory applications, serving as a basic reagent and solution for various experiments and analyses.
8
Escherichia coli by American Type Culture Collection
Sourced in United States, China, Germany, United Kingdom, France, Portugal, Canada, Brazil, Italy
Escherichia coli is a bacterium that is commonly used in laboratory settings. It serves as a model organism for microbiology and molecular biology research. Escherichia coli can be cultivated and studied to understand fundamental cellular processes and mechanisms.
9
Staphylococcus aureus by American Type Culture Collection
Sourced in United States, China, United Kingdom, Germany, Brazil, Malaysia, Italy, Portugal
Staphylococcus aureus is a bacterial strain available in the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) product portfolio. It is a Gram-positive, spherical-shaped bacterium commonly found in the human nasal passages and on the skin. This strain is widely used in research and laboratory settings for various applications.
10
Bhi broth by Merck Group
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Ireland, Italy, India
BHI broth is a nutrient-rich culture medium used for the cultivation and growth of a wide range of microorganisms, including bacteria, yeast, and fungi. It provides essential nutrients and growth factors necessary for the propagation of diverse microbial species. BHI broth is a commonly used laboratory tool in microbiology, biotechnology, and related fields.

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