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> Phenomena > Phenomenon or Process > Lubrication

Lubrication

Lubrication is the process of reducing friction and wear between moving surfaces by introducing a lubricant, such as oil or grease, between them.
It is essential for the proper functioning and longevity of mechanical systems, from machinery to automobiles.
Lubrication helps to minimize energy consumption, prevent damage, and ensure smooth operation.
By creating a thin film between surfaces, lubricants reduce direct contact and the associated friction, leading to improved efficiency, reduced heat generation, and extended component life.
Effective lubrication is a critical aspect of maintenance and can have a significant impact on the performance and reliability of various engineered systems.
Reserch in this field continues to explore new lubricant formulations, tribological principles, and lubrication techniques to optimzie performance and fuel efficiency across a wide range of applications.

Most cited protocols related to «Lubrication»

1
Development of PROMIS SexFS Instrument
Using a consensus-driven approach, we conducted a literature search for articles published from 1991–2007 that reported the administration of a self-reported measure of sexual function in a cancer population; see Jeffery 2009 for detail.6 (link) Based on this literature review, we developed a preliminary conceptual model to reflect domains to be included in the measures: interest in sexual activity, lubrication, vaginal discomfort, erectile function, orgasm, anal discomfort, frequency of sexual activity, and sexual satisfaction. We categorized more than 1100 items from existing measures into these domains and selected ~50 clinically relevant items for further testing.
Item banks are dynamic and can incorporate extant items on the same scoring metric. We incorporated into the PROMIS SexFS some items that are publically available or for which the copyright holders granted permission. Thus, some PROMIS SexFS instruments include modified items from other sexual function instruments (e.g., UCLA-Prostate Cancer Index,12 (link) Female Sexual Function Index [FSFI]13 (link)).
Flynn K.E., Lin L., Cyranowski J.M., Reeve B.B., Reese J.B., Jeffery D.D., Smith A.W., Porter L.S., Dombeck C.B., Bruner D.W., Keefe F.J, & Weinfurt K.P. (2013). Development of the NIH PROMIS® Sexual Function and Satisfaction Measures in Patients with Cancer. The journal of sexual medicine, 10(0 1), 43-52.
Publication 2013
Anus Lubrication Malignant Neoplasms Orgasm Penile Erection Prostate Cancer Self-Management Self Administration Sexual Satisfaction Vagina Woman
2
Rocking Culture Dish Fluid Dynamics

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Open the protocol to access the free full text link

Publication 2010
Acceleration Cell Culture Techniques CFLAR protein, human Culture Media Epistropheus Gravity Hyperostosis, Diffuse Idiopathic Skeletal Lubrication Pressure Sinusoidal Beds Viscosity
3
Assessment of Female Sexual Function
The Ethical Committee of the Poznan University of Medical Sciences granted its approval for this study (Resolution no. 29/10, annex no. 614/19 of 15.05.19).
The subjects in the study were 91 women aged 20-35, who underwent gynaecological screening at the outpatient clinic of the Gynaecology and Obstetrics University Hospital in Poznan, Poland in 2013 and agreed to fill in an FSFI questionnaire related to their sexuality.
The FSFI questionnaire consists of 19 close-ended questions related to sexual activity within the 4 weeks prior to the examination and includes six domains: sexual desire (questions number 1–2), sexual arousal (questions number 3–6), lubrication (questions number 7–10), orgasm (questions number 11–13), satisfaction (questions number 14–16) and pain (questions number 17–19). Points are assigned for each answer (1–5 and 0–5 for questions 1–2 and questions 3–19, respectively), the sum of the scores for the domain is multiplied by the domain factor, the six domain scores are added up, and the total score may vary from 2.0 to 36.0 points. The Polish version of the questionnaire was validated and standardized for Polish women by Nowosielski et al. [10 (link)]. Initially, a score lower than 26.55 was considered to indicate the risk of a sexual dysfunction [11 (link)], and Polish authors now recommend a slightly higher threshold of 27.50 in the screening of Polish women [10 (link)].
They had been thoroughly informed about the confidentiality of the study. Only heterosexual women with the current sexual partner were included in the study. The history of sexual trauma and mental disorders, any general health problems and therapy potentially affecting sexual life, such as hyperandrogenism and hormonal medications other than contraceptives, were the exclusion criteria [12 (link)–16 (link)].
The FSFI was used as a research instrument and was extended to include information about the participants’ age, body weight, height, age of menarche, the use of oral contraceptives and the age of the first sexual intercourse, as well as any history of STI.
Jarząbek-Bielecka G., Plagens-Rotman K., Mizgier M., Opydo-Szymaczek J., Jakubek E, & Kędzia W. (2021). The importance of use of the FSFI questionnaire in gynecology and venerology: a pilot study. Advances in Dermatology and Allergology/Postȩpy Dermatologii i Alergologii, 38(3), 480-485.
Publication 2021
Arousal, Sexual Body Weight Contraceptive Agents Contraceptives, Oral Heterosexuals Hyperandrogenism Libido Lubrication Menarche Mental Disorders Orgasm Pain Satisfaction Sexual Partners Sexual Trauma Therapeutics Woman
4
Investigating B. cepacia Contamination in Urology
Microbiological samples were collected from possible exposure surfaces, endoscopes, disposable items, and the hands of staff and screened for B. cepacia contamination used sterile swabs with sterile saline solution. Microbiological sampling was carried out a total of four times during the outbreak investigation. Samples included: 20 samples from cystoscopes, environmental surfaces, and the hands of doctors and nurses from the outpatient cystoscope room, collected on August 23, 2018; 70 samples from rigid and flexible cystoscopes, environmental surfaces, and the hands and clothing of staff from the Third Ward of the Urology Department. From November 11–15, 2018, the cystoscope sampling method was replaced with routine irrigation and disposable brushing, and 27 samples were collected from cystoscopes cleaned using different disinfection methods, while 20 samples were collected from disposable items (including one anesthetic lubrication gel, batch 20,170,521). A total of 18 samples were collected from all five batches of anesthesia gel and four batches of coupling agent on November 23, 2018.
All bacteria were isolated from microbiological samples according to the National Clinical Inspection Operation specifications. Species identification and in vitro antibiotic susceptibility tests were carried out using the Vitek II system (bioMérieux, Marcy-l’Étoile, France) following the 2018 breakpoints defined by the Clinical and Laboratory Standards Institute (CLSI) [9 ]. Molecular typing by pulsed-field gel electrophoresis (PFGE) was performed for 24 B. cepacia isolates, including 20 isolates from nosocomial infection patients, one isolate from a non-nosocomial infection patient, and three isolates from the anesthetic gel. In addition, the B cepacia strain SperI (40 U) was used, and the Salmonella standard strain H9812 was digested with XbaI (40 U) at 37 °C for > 3 hs. The following electrophoresis conditions were used: voltage, 6 V/cm; pulse time, 5.0–50.0 s; linear conversion; conversion angle, 120°; electrophoresis time, 20 hs; and electrophoresis temperature, 14 °C. CHEF III (Bio-Rad, USA) was used for PFGE.
Du M., Song L., Wang Y., Suo J., Bai Y., Xing Y., Xie L., Liu B., Li L., Luo Y, & Liu Y. (2021). Investigation and control of an outbreak of urinary tract infections caused by Burkholderia cepacian-contaminated anesthetic gel. Antimicrobial Resistance and Infection Control, 10, 1.
Publication 2021
Anesthesia Anesthetics Antibiotics Bacteria Clinical Laboratory Services Cystoscopes Disinfection Electrophoresis Electrophoresis, Gel, Pulsed-Field Endoscopes Infections, Hospital In Vitro Testing Lubrication Muscle Rigidity Nurses Outpatients Patients Physicians Pulse Rate Saline Solution Salmonella Sterility, Reproductive Strains Susceptibility, Disease
5
Evaluating Sexual Functioning and Distress
The 19-item FSFI was included in a larger questionnaire battery administered at baseline and post-intervention. It was disproportionately longer compared to other scales used to measure other symptoms and experiences (Newton, Carpenter, et al., 2014 (link)) which resulted in questions from participants about its importance. Sexual functioning over the past four weeks was evaluated (Rosen et al., 2000 (link)). The standard formula-based scoring was used to obtain total scores ranging from 2.0 to 36.0 and domain scores ranging from 0.8 to 6.0 for satisfaction, 1.2 to 6.0 for desire, and 0.0 to 6.0 for arousal, lubrication, orgasm, and pain. Domain scores of 0.0 indicate no sexual activity during the past month. Higher domain and total scores indicate more optimal sexual functioning.
To determine how bothered or distressed women were by their levels of sexual function, we adapted a single question from the Female Sexual Distress Scale: “In the past four weeks, how often did you feel distressed or bothered about your sex life?” Scoring was: 0 = never, 1 = rarely, 2 = occasionally, 3 = frequently, and 4 = always (Derogatis, Rosen, Leiblum, Burnett, & Heiman, 2002 (link)).
Baseline demographic characteristics collected from all women included age, race, ethnicity, menopausal status, education, and income. Height and weight were collected in clinic by study staff to calculate body mass index.
Carpenter J.S., Jones S.M., Studts C.R., Heiman J.R., Reed S.D., Newton K.M., Guthrie K.A., Larson J.C., Cohen L.S., Freeman E.W., Lau R.J., Learman L.A, & Shifren J.L. (2016). Female Sexual Function Index Short Version: A MsFLASH Item Response Analysis. Archives of sexual behavior, 45(8), 1897-1905.
Publication 2016
Arousal Ethnicity Feelings Females Index, Body Mass Lubrication Menopause Orgasm Pain Satisfaction Woman

Most recents protocols related to «Lubrication»

1
Characterizing Ester Blend Friction and Wear
Not available on PMC !

Example 3

Reciprocating tests were used to characterize both friction and wear behavior of the ester blends at 25° C. and 40° C. under boundary lubrication. As mentioned prior, each ester was blended at a concentration of 1% by weight. Neat oil served as the control. The testing device is a custom ball-on-flat microtribometer as seen in FIG. 3 and was operated in conjunction with a temperature-controlled stage. In brief, precise normal loading of a probe onto the sample substrate is performed via software controlled linear stages. The sample substrate is forced to slide against the probe and subsequent lateral or frictional forces are measured. The temperature-controlled stage consists of an aluminum block that contains an oil reservoir. The block's temperature is monitored and controlled via an adhesive thermocouple connected to a PID controller. In addition, the oil temperature is monitored with a thermistor. Prior to testing, an equal volume filled the reservoir and the oil temperature was equilibrated. The oil level sits just above the substrate surface so there is a constant supply of oil into the contact zone.

Reciprocating tests were carried out using a SiC-steel interface: a 4 mm diameter silicon carbide ball on an AISI 8620 steel substrate. The ceramic was chosen for its superior hardness relative to the substrate in order to isolate the majority of the wear to the substrate and preserve the probes geometry. In this way, a consistent contact pressure can be maintained. A constant normal load of 3.4 N (maximum Hertzian pressure of 1.5 GPa) was applied as the substrate was translated at a rate of 10 mm/s over a 8 mm stroke length for 4500 cycles. The load was chosen after initial tests with the PEs at 1.0 GPa were not sufficient to generate measureable wear scars (wear depths were on the same order as the surface roughness). The substrate was isotropically polished to a finish of 0.043 μm Ra determined from a scan area of 1.41 mm×1.88 mm using a Zygo optical profilometer. Based on EHL theory, the roughness, load, and viscosity parameters placed this study well within the boundary lubrication regime as the estimated λ ratio was much less than one.

After test completion, the substrate and probes were wiped with isopropyl alcohol before undergoing SEM and EDS analysis. In addition, the substrate wear scars were scanned using the Zygo optical profilometer. Nine to eleven unique scan areas were gathered to capture the entire length of each scar. All topographic and force data was then imported into MATLAB where the average wear depth and coefficient of friction was calculated. Three replicate tests were completed for each treatment.

US11866671B2. Base oil or lubricant additive (2024-01-09). Iowa State University Research Foundation, Inc. [US]. Inventors: George A. Kraus [US], Kyle Podolak [US], Derek Lee White [US], Sriram Sundararajan [US].
Patent 2024
Aluminum Cardiac Arrest Cerebrovascular Accident Cicatrix DNA Replication Esters Friction Isopropyl Alcohol Lubrication Medical Devices Oil Reservoirs Pressure Radionuclide Imaging Steel Viscosity Vision
2
Characterizing Self-Lubricating Polymer Composites
All surface resistance measurements were performed with a 2400 Sourcemeter (Co. Keithley Instruments) with a 4-wire sense mode configuration in combination with a custom made 4-point measuring probe. The cylindrical probe tips were arranged in line with a diameter of 0.8 mm and a distance between the probes of 2.1 mm. A constant current was applied through the outer probe tips to the sample. The voltage drop from the outer to the inner probe tips was used for resistance calculation based on a method described by Schroder et al.56 Each measurement was performed with a constant current in the range of 1 μA to 1 mA at 2.1 V for 200 s of measurement time. The average value of 6 measurements at different locations on the sample surface is reported for each of the samples.
Attenuated total reflection Fourier transformed infrared spectroscopy (ATR-FTIR) was recorded with a 1.9 cm−1 spectral resolution on a 670 FT-IR spectrometer (Co. Varian Inc. (now: Agilent Technologies)). The assignment of measured vibrations were supported by DFT-based calculations on a D3(BJ)-BP86-def2-SVP level of theory.57–61 Deviations to the measured spectra were described by Benavides-Garcia and Monroe.62 All calculations were carried out using the ORCA computational chemistry program.63,64 Raman spectra were recorded on an inVia confocal (Co. Renishaw) with an excitation wavelength of 532 nm, 3 times for each specimen with 20 s exposure time. Hardness testing was performed using a Fischerscope H100C XYp Nanoindenter (Co. Helmut Fischer GmbH) using a Vickers diamond indenter. After contact with the surface, the indenter was approached into specimens at a constant rate of 300.00 mN/60 s until 150 mN of force was reached and withdrawn from the surface at the same rate as loading. At least 12 indentations were performed for each specimen and the average value was reported. Surface roughness measurements and optical imaging were performed using a VK-9700 Color 3D-Laser scanning microscope (Co. Keyence Corporation). For each sample, at least five randomly selected areas of the surface were measured and the surface roughness Ra and surface depth Rz were determined. High-resolution images of the composite material were taken using a scanning electron microscope (SEM, S-3400N, Co. Hitatchi Science Systems, Ltd) and spectral maps for sulfur and phosphorus were prepared using energy dispersive X-ray spectroscopy (EDX). The samples were fractured after storage in liquid nitrogen for at least 3 h and the exposed surface was coated with a thin platinum layer using a high vacuum platinum sputter at low voltage (brittle fractures). High-resolution transmission electron microscopy (FEI, Talos 120C, Co. Thermo Fisher Scientifics) images were taken of selected polymer compounds. Therefore, very thin lamellae were sectioned with a diatome diamond knife (Cryo-Mikrotomy, Co. Reichert-Jung Ultracut E and RMC CR-X Cryoattachment) at a temperature of −120 °C. The freshly microtomed sample surfaces were subsequently measured by AFM (MultiMode 8, Co. Brucker). The ultrathin sections (about 60 nm) were collected and used for TEM measurements. By evaluating the distribution of the added liquid and solid lubricants in the bulk material, the tribological mechanisms leading to self-lubrication will be analyzed.
Gatti S.F., Gatti F., Amann T., Kailer A., Moser K., Weiss P., Seidel C, & Rühe J. (2023). Tribological performance of electrically conductive and self-lubricating polypropylene–ionic-liquid composites. RSC Advances, 13(12), 8000-8014.
Publication 2023
Diamond Dietary Fiber Fracture, Bone Laser Scanning Microscopy Lubrication Microtubule-Associated Proteins Nitrogen Orcinus orca Phosphorus Platinum Polymers Reflex Scanning Electron Microscopy Spectroscopy, Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrum Analysis Sulfur Transmission Electron Microscopy Vacuum Vibration
3
Comparative Hair Oiling Evaluation
One sample
from each of the different types of hair samples was taken and set
aside as the reference hair sample. One of them was set aside for
shampoo application only. Safflower seed oil was applied to one, rosehip
oil to one, and grapeseed oil to one of the remaining three hair samples
from each hair type. Oils (0.5 mL) were applied to the hair with the
help of a pipette. The oils were left on the hair for 12 h. While
determining the optimum ratio for the oil applied to the hair, trials
were carried out in the range of 0.1–1.0 mL. As a result of
the tests and analyses such as color, stretching, elongation, morphological
appearance, etc., no change was observed in the properties of the
hair samples after a certain value. For this reason, all test and
analysis results were compared in detail, and the optimum amount to
be applied to the hair was determined as 0.5 mL. This rate corresponded
to a rate of 1.5% (v/w) over the determined amount of hair. In practice,
the minimum time for all applications to the hair was 12 h. In addition,
because of the preliminary trials performed between 6 and 24 h, there
was no significant change in the analysis and test results after 12
h. Therefore, the optimum time was determined as 12 h. After 12 h,
the hair was washed with a base shampoo and oiled again. This washing,
drying, and oiling process was repeated 10 times. After the 10th lubrication,
the hair was washed again with a base shampoo, dried, and ready for
tests. Some images taken while applying oil to hair samples are given
in Figure 4. In this
experiment, safflower seed oil, grape seed oil, and rosehip oil were
used comparatively.
Demir E, & Acaralı N. (2023). Comparison on Quality Performance of Human Hair Types with Herbal Oils (Grape Seed/Safflower Seed/Rosehip) by Analysis Techniques. ACS Omega, 8(9), 8293-8302.
Publication 2023
Factor V Grapes Hair Lubrication Rosehips Safflower oil
4
Choroidal Thickness in Inactive Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy
This cross-sectional study included 78 adult patients who were recruited from the Department of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. A detailed evaluation, including data on demographics and systemic and ocular history, was noted for all patients. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. The study followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the University of Health Sciences Hamidiye Scientific Research Ethics Committee (register number 21/11).
The patients’ diagnosis of TAO was based on the criteria of the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) Consensus Statement (18 (link),19 (link)). According to EUGOGO classification, all patients have mild Graves ophthalmopathy, that is, lid retraction <2 mm, mild soft tissue involvement, exophthalmos <3 mm, no diplopia or transient diplopia, and exposure keratopathy responsive to lubrication. Furthermore, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy activity was defined using the clinical activity score (CAS) (20 (link)). In this study, all the patients who have normal thyroid function tests and with CAS s below 3 for 6 months were included in the study. On the other hand, in patients in the active stage of TAO with CAS ≥3, the presence of a difference in proptosis of more than 2 mm between the eyes, optic neuropathy, corneal ulcers, and any restrictions in the ductions, and those under current or previously systemic corticosteroid therapy or with a history of orbital surgery or radiation treatment were considered not eligible for this study. In addition, patients with high blood pressure (systolic pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic pressure >90 mmHg), cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, refractive error more than ±6 diopters and had EDI-OCT with poor image quality, which might affect the choroidal measurements, were also excluded.
Only one eye was selected in eligible patients with inactive TAO. If the involvement was unilateral, the involved eye was included, whereas, in the case of bilaterality, the selection of the eye to be examined was random. In the healthy control group, right eye was included in the study.
An ophthalmological evaluation consisted of the measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure measurement with a Goldmann applanation tonometer, a slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination of the anterior segment, and dilated fundus examination for all the participants. Axial length measurements were taken with IOL Master optical biometry (Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). The same examiner, who was skilled at Hertel exophthalmometry, measured the proptosis.
Imaging of the choroid was performed after pupil dilation with 1% topical tropicamide (Tropamid Fort 1%, Bilim Pharmaceuticals, Istanbul, Türkiye), using the EDI mode of OCT-imaging device (Spectralis Heidelberg HRA + OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany).
Pehlivanoglu S., Aksoy F.E., Karabulut G.O., Tunc U., Fazil K., Artunay O, & Taskapili M. (2023). Assessment of Choroidal Vascularity in Inactive Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy. Beyoglu Eye Journal, 8(1), 38-44.
Publication 2023
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Adult Cardiovascular Diseases Choroid Corneal Ulcer Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Ethics Committees, Research Europeans Exophthalmos High Blood Pressures Lubrication Medical Devices Mydriasis Neural-Optical Lesion Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pressure, Diastolic Radiotherapy Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Refractive Errors Slit Lamp Examination Systolic Pressure Therapeutics Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Thyroid Function Tests Tissues Tonometry Transients Tropicamide Visual Acuity
5
Assessing Sexual Dysfunction: A Comprehensive Approach
SD was assessed using the Arizona Sexual Experience Scale (ASEX) [58 (link)], which examines the experience of sexual difficulties throughout the sexual response cycle (e.g., sexual desire, erection/lubrication, orgasm) using a 6-point Likert scale ranging from 1 –extremely easily/strong/satisfying to 6 –very difficult/weak/unsatisfying. Lower scores represent greater levels of sexual functioning. Participants completed the version of the ASEX that corresponded to their genital sex rather than their gender (i.e., one’s personal sense of being male, female, non-binary, etc.), as some ASEX items are sex-specific (e.g., vaginal lubrication; penile erection). Two questions were added to the original ASEX to measure other sexual difficulties (i.e., pain during sex and premature ejaculation/orgasm). To reflect the diagnostic criteria used in the DSM-5 [11 ], investigated sexual difficulties had to be present for at least 6 months and respondents were invited to indicate their associated levels of distress (1 –no distress, to 6 –extreme distress). In the present study, five SDs were examined: 1) low sexual desire/arousal, 2) difficulties with lubrication/erection, 3) premature ejaculation/orgasm, 4) delayed or absent ejaculation/orgasm, and 5) pain during sex. The ASEX showed satisfactory internal consistency in the community (α = .82) and clinical samples (α = .75).
Lafortune D., Girard M., Dussault É., Philibert M., Hébert M., Boislard M.A., Goyette M, & Godbout N. (2023). Who seeks sex therapy? Sexual dysfunction prevalence and correlates, and help-seeking among clinical and community samples. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282618.
Publication 2023
Arousal Debility Diagnosis Ejaculation Females Gender Genitalia Libido Lubrication Males Orgasm Pain Penile Erection Premature Ejaculation Vagina

Top products related to «Lubrication»

1
Isomet by Buehler
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom
The Isomet is a precision sectioning saw designed for cutting materials for microscopic analysis or sample preparation. It features a variable-speed motor and a micrometer-controlled feed system to allow for precise control of the cutting process.
2
5301 fluorometer by Shimadzu
The 5301 Fluorometer is a laboratory instrument designed to measure the fluorescence of samples. It utilizes a light source, sample holder, and detector to quantify the fluorescent intensity of a given sample.
3
Tropicamide by Akorn
Sourced in United States, Germany
Tropicamide is a synthetic mydriatic and cycloplegic agent used in ophthalmology. It acts as a competitive antagonist of muscarinic acetylcholine receptors, causing pupil dilation and temporary paralysis of the eye's focusing mechanism.
4
Phenylephrine by Bioteck
Sourced in United States
Phenylephrine is a type of laboratory equipment used for various scientific and research applications. It is a chemical compound with the formula C9H13NO that serves as a decongestant and vasoconstrictor. The core function of Phenylephrine is to aid in the analysis and manipulation of biological samples and compounds.
5
Genteal lubrication gel by Alcon
Sourced in United States
GenTeal is a topical ophthalmic lubricating gel. It is formulated to provide temporary relief of eye dryness and irritation.
6
S 3500n sem by Hitachi
Sourced in Japan
The S-3500N SEM is a scanning electron microscope (SEM) manufactured by Hitachi. It is designed to provide high-resolution imaging of samples by scanning them with a focused electron beam. The S-3500N SEM is capable of magnifying samples up to 300,000 times, allowing for detailed examination of surface topography and microstructural features.
7
T ptd 200 by Anton Paar
Sourced in Austria
The T-PTD 200 is a laboratory equipment designed for precise determination of density and concentration of liquids. It utilizes the oscillating U-tube method to measure the sample's density with high accuracy. The T-PTD 200 provides reliable and reproducible results for a wide range of liquids.
8
Ecomet 250 grinder polisher by Buehler
Sourced in United States
The Ecomet® 250 Grinder–Polisher is a lab equipment product designed for sample preparation. It is used for grinding and polishing solid samples, such as metals, ceramics, and minerals, to produce smooth, uniform surfaces for analysis or further processing.
9
K450 carbon coater by Emitech
The K450 carbon coater is a laboratory equipment designed for the application of carbon coatings on samples. Its core function is to deposit a thin, uniform layer of carbon onto the surface of specimens, which is a common preparation technique for various analysis and imaging methods.
10
Proparacaine hcl 0.1 by Bausch & Lomb
Proparacaine HCL 0.1% is a topical anesthetic solution. It is used to temporarily numb the surface of the eye prior to certain medical procedures.

More about "Lubrication"

Lubrication is the crucial process of reducing friction and wear between moving surfaces by introducing a lubricant, such as oil, grease, or specialized fluids, between them.
This essential mechanism is vital for the proper functioning and longevity of a wide range of mechanical systems, from industrial machinery to automobiles.
Effective lubrication helps minimize energy consumption, prevent damage, and ensure smooth, efficient operation.
By creating a thin protective film between surfaces, lubricants reduce direct contact and the associated friction, leading to improved efficiency, reduced heat generation, and extended component life.
This is a critical aspect of maintenance and can have a significant impact on the performance and reliability of various engineered systems.
Researchers in the field of tribology (the study of friction, wear, and lubrication) continue to explore new lubricant formulations, principles, and techniques to optimize performance and fuel efficiency across a diverse range of applications.
This includes the development of specialized products like the Isomet cutting machine, 5301 Fluorometer, Tropicamide eye drops, Phenylephrine decongestant, GenTeal lubrication gel, S-3500N scanning electron microscope, T-PTD 200 polishing machine, Ecomet® 250 Grinder–Polisher, and K450 carbon coater.
By understanding the importance of lubrication and staying up-to-date with the latest advancements in this field, individuals and organizations can ensure the reliable, efficient, and long-lasting performance of their engineered systems.
Typo: Reserch -> Research