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Cell Membrane Permeability

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Most cited protocols related to «Cell Membrane Permeability»

1
ResFinder 4.0: Antimicrobial Resistance Detection
ResFinder 4.0 was embedded using the same web interface as previous ResFinder versions and available at the link https://cge.cbs.dtu.dk/services/ResFinder-4.0/. Importantly, in the interface, the user is prompted to specify a bacterial species, which is needed to define the specific antimicrobial panel for the in silico antibiogram (Table S2). There is the option to include all antimicrobial agents from all panels (‘Other’ option). In this case, interpretation of results must be executed carefully and knowledge on intrinsic resistance is essential because, in the ‘Other’ option, isolates intrinsically resistant to an antimicrobial agent might appear predicted as susceptible since intrinsic resistance is often mediated by structural traits (e.g. reduced permeability of the outer membrane, among others) rather than by specific genes/mutations.19
Previous versions of ResFinder were written in Perl, whereas ResFinder 4.0 was rewritten in Python 3. The ResFinder software has not previously been able to process read data (FASTQ) directly but relied on an assembly step. ResFinder 4.0 has implemented KMA,20 (link) which aligns reads directly to the databases without the need for assembly. Like all previous versions, ResFinder 4.0 is released as open source under the Apache 2.0 license and is available at: https://bitbucket.org/genomicepidemiology/resfinder/.
Bortolaia V., Kaas R.S., Ruppe E., Roberts M.C., Schwarz S., Cattoir V., Philippon A., Allesoe R.L., Rebelo A.R., Florensa A.F., Fagelhauer L., Chakraborty T., Neumann B., Werner G., Bender J.K., Stingl K., Nguyen M., Coppens J., Xavier B.B., Malhotra-Kumar S., Westh H., Pinholt M., Anjum M.F., Duggett N.A., Kempf I., Nykäsenoja S., Olkkola S., Wieczorek K., Amaro A., Clemente L., Mossong J., Losch S., Ragimbeau C., Lund O, & Aarestrup F.M. (2020). ResFinder 4.0 for predictions of phenotypes from genotypes. Journal of Antimicrobial Chemotherapy, 75(12), 3491-3500.
Publication 2020
Antibiogram Bacteria Cell Membrane Permeability Genes Microbicides Mutation Python
2
Mitochondrial Membrane Potential Analysis
After the HLE-B3 cells were subjected to inhibitor treatments, the cells were stained with JC-1 to determine the mitochondrial membrane potential. JC-1 is a membrane-permeable lipophilic dye that exists as J-aggregates in the mitochondrial matrix (red fluorescence) and as monomers in the cytoplasm (green fluorescence). During mitochondrial depolarization, the red J-aggregates form green monomers due to a change in ∆Ψ [16 (link)]. Thus, depolarization can be measured as an increasing green fluorescent/red fluorescent intensity ratio.
The JC-1 assay was performed as follows. HLE-B3 cell monolayers were maintained in serum-free MEM with or without inhibitor treatment, brought through ambient oxygen into hypoxia, and then later switched back to ambient oxygen as described above. At the end of the hypoxic exposure, the hypoxic media on cells (oxygen depleted) were poured off, and fresh (oxygen rich) serum-free MEM (with or without an inhibitor) containing 5 µg/ml JC-1 was added for 30 min in a tissue culture incubator. The stained HLE-B3 cells were then rinsed twice using serum-free MEM, and fresh oxygenated serum-free MEM (with or without inhibitor, but no JC-1 dye) was added. After the fresh media was added, the cells were analyzed with a Cary Eclipse spectrofluorometer (Varian Inc., Belrose, Australia).
Brooks M.M., Neelam S., Fudala R., Gryczynski I, & Cammarata P.R. (2013). Lenticular mitoprotection. Part A: Monitoring mitochondrial depolarization with JC-1 and artifactual fluorescence by the glycogen synthase kinase-3β inhibitor, SB216763. Molecular Vision, 19, 1406-1412.
Publication 2013
Biological Assay Cell Membrane Permeability Cells Cytoplasm Fluorescence Hypoxia Membrane Potential, Mitochondrial Mitochondria Oxygen Serum Tissues
3
Characterization of AfroDb Chemical Library
The previously prepared 1,008 low energy 3D chemical structures in the AfroDb library were saved in.mol2 format and initially treated with LigPrep [63] , distributed by Schrodinger Inc. This implementation was carried out with the graphical user interface (GUI) of the Maestro software package [64] , using the OPLS forcefield [65] (link)–[67] (link). Protonation states at biologically relevant pH were correctly assigned (group I metals in simple salts were disconnected, strong acids were deprotonated, strong bases protonated, while topological duplicates and explicit hydrogens were added). A set of ADMET-related properties (a total of 46 molecular descriptors) were calculated by using the QikProp program [68] running in normal mode. QikProp generates physically relevant descriptors, and uses them to perform ADMET predictions. An overall ADME-compliance score – drug-likeness parameter (indicated by #stars), was used to assess the pharmacokinetic profiles of the compounds within the AfroDb library. The #stars parameter indicates the number of property descriptors computed by QikProp that fall outside the optimum range of values for 95% of known drugs. The methods implemented were developed by Jorgensen et al. [69] (link)–[70] and among the calculated descriptors are: the total solvent-accessible molecular surface, in Å2 (probe radius 1.4 Å) (range for 95% of drugs: 300–1000 Å2); the hydrophobic portion of the solvent-accessible molecular surface, in Å2 (probe radius 1.4 Å) (range for 95% of drugs: 0–750 Å2); the total volume of molecule enclosed by solvent-accessible molecular surface, in Å3 (probe radius 1.4 Å) (range for 95% of drugs: 500–2000 Å3); the logarithm of aqueous solubility, (range for 95% of drugs: −6.0 to 0.5) [69] (link), [71] (link); the logarithm of predicted binding constant to human serum albumin, (range for 95% of drugs: −1.5 to 1.2) [72] (link); the logarithm of predicted blood/brain barrier partition coefficient, logB/B (range for 95% of drugs: −3.0 to 1.0) [73] (link)–[75] (link); the predicted apparent Caco-2 cell membrane permeability (BIPcaco-2) in Boehringer–Ingelheim scale, in nm/s (range for 95% of drugs: <5 low, >100 high) [76] (link)–[78] (link); the predicted apparent Madin-Darby canine kidney (MDCK) cell permeability in nm s−1 (<25 poor, >500 great) [77] (link); the index of cohesion interaction in solids, Indcoh, calculated from the HBA, HBD and the surface area accessible to the solvent, SASA ( ) by the relation Indcoh = HBA HBD1/2/ (0.0 to 0.05 for 95% of drugs) [71] (link); the globularity descriptor, Glob =  , where r is the radius of the sphere whose volume is equal to the molecular volume (0.75 to 0.95 for 95% of drugs); the predicted polarizability, (13.0 to 70.0 for 95% of drugs); the predicted logarithm of IC50 value for blockage of HERG K+ channels, logHERG (concern<−5) [79] (link)–[80] (link); the predicted skin permeability, (−8.0 to −1.0 for 95% of drugs) [81] (link)–[82] (link); and the number of likely metabolic reactions, #metab (range for 95% of drugs: 1–8).
Ntie-Kang F., Zofou D., Babiaka S.B., Meudom R., Scharfe M., Lifongo L.L., Mbah J.A., Mbaze L.M., Sippl W, & Efange S.M. (2013). AfroDb: A Select Highly Potent and Diverse Natural Product Library from African Medicinal Plants. PLoS ONE, 8(10), e78085.
Publication 2013
Acids ADMET Blood-Brain Barrier cDNA Library Cell Membrane Permeability Hydrogen Madin Darby Canine Kidney Cells Metals Permeability Pharmaceutical Preparations Radius Salts Sasa Serum Albumin, Human Skin Solvents Stars, Celestial
4
Optimized Setup for BioLector Measurements
As the measurement device, the same setup like that formerly reported by Samorski et al. [21 (link)] was applied with only few but influential changes referring to signal qualities. The major change was varying the distance between the optical light fiber and the microtiter plate bottom as well as the tilting angle. The distance of the optical light fiber to the microtiter plate bottom was reduced from 7 mm to 4 mm, and the tilting angle was increased from 23° to 35°. This adjustment mainly reduced the back scattering of light from internal reflections within the wells, thus stabilizing the measurement signals. Moreover, the flashes of the xenon flash lamp during one measurement were reduced from 200 to 50 flashes to improve the life-time of the lamp. The biomass concentrations were measured via scattered light at 620 nm excitation without an emission filter. The GFP concentrations were monitored through an excitation filter of 485 nm and an emission filter of 520 nm. Furthermore, NADH was monitored by an excitation of 340 nm and an emission of 460 nm. The FbFP preferred an excitation of 460 nm and an emission of 520 nm. The sensitivity of the photomultiplier (Gain) was adapted to the different measurement tasks and, therefore, different signal intensities were obtained. The entire device was called "BioLector" in the following text to facilitate referencing of the measurement device. The BioLector holds a data reproducibility of smaller than 5% standard deviation, when cultivating the same clone in the same medium on a microtiter plate. Due to small standard deviation and the high information content, error bars in the figures were omitted.
The pH was measured by adding a sterile solution of HPTS (8-hydroxypyrene-1,3,6-trisulfonic acid trisodium salt, part number: 56360, Fluka, Germany) to TB medium before inoculation with cells. The soluble fluorescent pH indicator was applied in a final concentration of 20 mg/L in the fermentation media. This indicator was excited by filtered xenon light with a wavelength of 410 nm and 460 nm and the emission was detected for both excitation wavelengths at 510 nm. The pH value could be derived from a calibration with buffers in which the same concentration of HPTS (20 mg/L) as in the culture medium was added. Buffers ranging from pH 4.0 to 9.0 and having an ionic strength of 120 mM (20 mM buffer and 100 mM NaCl) were applied to calibrate the measurement device. For each buffer condition, the intensity ratio IR was calculated as follows:

After determining IR for the different buffers, the pH values were correlated with the Boltzmann equation [25 (link)] as follows:

The calibration parameters pHO, dpH, IR, min and IR, max were calculated with an Excel sheet by using the implied Solver function, determining the least square root of the function (2).
The experiments were exclusively carried out with black standard round 96 well microtiter plates with an optical bottom from Greiner Bio-One, Germany (μclear, part number: 655087), that were covered with a gas permeable membrane from Abgene, UK (part number: AB-0718). If not otherwise specified, the experiments were conducted with 200 μL working volume of culture or medium and normally 995 rpm shaking frequency (shaking diameter of 3 mm). At this operation condition a kLa value of 150 1/h was achieved [10 (link)].
Kensy F., Zang E., Faulhammer C., Tan R.K, & Büchs J. (2009). Validation of a high-throughput fermentation system based on online monitoring of biomass and fluorescence in continuously shaken microtiter plates. Microbial Cell Factories, 8, 31.
Publication 2009
Acids Buffers Cell Membrane Permeability Cells Clone Cells Fermentation Hypersensitivity Light Medical Devices NADH Plant Roots Reflex Sodium Chloride Sterility, Reproductive Vaccination Xenon
5
Antimicrobial Effects on E. coli
For all experiments performed with cells in exponential phase, E. coli overnight cultures were diluted 1:250 in 25mL of Luria-Bertani (LB) media and grown to an OD600nm of 0.3 in 250 mL flasks at 37 °C, 300 rpm, and 80% humidity. All antimicrobial treatments were performed in 500 μL samples in 24-well plates incubated at 37 °C, 900 rpms, and 80% humidity. For experiments with bacterial persister cells, E. coli were grown to stationary phase for 16 h at 37 °C, 300 rpm, and 80% humidity in 25 mL of LB. Cells were then treated with 5 μg/mL ofloxacin for 4 h to kill non-persister cells. The samples were then washed with PBS and suspended in M9 minimal media and treated with the different antibiotics to determine killing of persisters. For experiments with biofilms, an E. coli culture grown overnight was diluted 1:200 into MBEC Physiology and Genetic Assay wells (MBEC BioProducts, Edmonton, Canada) and grown for 24 h at 30 °C, 0 rpm and 80% humidity. All wells containing biofilms were then treated with the different antibiotics. After treatment, the wells were washed with PBS 3x and then sonicated for 45 min in order to disrupt the biofilm and plate cells to count colony-forming units (cfu). Unless otherwise specified, the following concentrations were used in the E. coli antimicrobial treatments: 10, 20, 30, 60 and 120 μM silver nitrate, 0.25 μg/mL and 5 μg/mL gentamicin, 1 μg/mL and 10μg/mL ampicillin, 0.03 μg/mL and 3 μg/mL ofloxacin, and 30 μg/mL vancomycin. Kill curves for the antimicrobial treatments were obtained by spot-plating serially diluted samples and counting cfu. Gene knockout strains were constructed by P1-phage transduction from the Keio knockout mutant collection. Raw data (cfu/mL) for killing assays for all strains are in table S2. Construction of the genetic reporter strains for iron misregulation, superoxide production and disulfide bond formation, as well as the sodA overexpression strain, was performed using conventional molecular cloning techniques. The fluorescent reporter dye 3'-(p-hydroxyphenyl fluorescein (HPF) was used as previously described (18 (link)) at 5 mM to detect hydroxyl radical (OH•) formation. The fluorescent dye, propidium iodide (PI), was used at concentrations of 1 mM to monitor membrane permeability. Fluorescence data were collected using a Becton Dickinson FACSCalibur flow cytometer. For the permeability and OH• production assays, fluorescence of the respective dyes was determined as a percent change using the following formula: ((Fluorescencedye – Fluorescenceno dye)/(Fluorescenceno dye))*(100). For the OH• quenching experiments, cells were treated with 150mM thiourea and AgNO3 simultaneously. Release of protein-bound iron in an E. coli cell lysate was detected by incubating samples for 1 h in a 10 mM Ferene-S assay and measuring absorbance at 593 nm. The lysates were prepared by sonication in 20 mM Tris/HCl pH 7.2 buffer. The lysates were treated either with heat (90 °C for 20 min) or AgNO3 (30 μM for 1 h). All samples analyzed with the Jeol 1200EX – 80kV transmission electron microscope were fixed utilizing glutaraldehyde, dehydrated using ethanol, embedded using spur resin, and microtomed in ~60 nm thickness samples. Mouse experiments were performed with male Charles River mice as described in the main text and the in vivo studies section below.
Morones-Ramirez J.R., Winkler J.A., Spina C.S, & Collins J.J. (2013). Silver Enhances Antibiotic Activity Against Gram-negative Bacteria. Science translational medicine, 5(190), 190ra81.
Publication 2013
Ampicillin Antibiotics Bacteria Bacteriophage P1 Biofilms Biological Assay Cell Membrane Permeability Cells Disulfides Escherichia coli Ethanol Ferene-S Fluorescence Fluorescent Dyes Gene Knockout Techniques Genes, Reporter Gentamicin Glutaral Humidity Hydroxyl Radical hydroxyphenyl fluorescein Iron Males Microbicides Mus Ofloxacin Permeability physiology Propidium Iodide Proteins Reproduction Resins, Plant Rivers Silver Nitrate Strains Superoxides Thiourea Transmission Electron Microscopy Tromethamine Vancomycin

Most recents protocols related to «Cell Membrane Permeability»

1
Membrane Permeability Assay of OCG Bactericidal Effect
Not available on PMC !

EXAMPLE 4

A membrane permeability assay using Sytox green dye was performed to examine whether the bactericidal effect is directly related to the disruption of membrane integrity. Fluorescence intensity of Sytox green increases when the membrane-impermeable dye intercalates into the intracellular nucleic acids upon diffusion through the damaged membranes. No fluorescence change was observed from Msm treated with OCG at 2×MIC for 1 h (FIG. 7). An additional assay commonly used for membrane damage was also conducted. Non-fluorescent hydrophobic N-phenyl-2-naphthylamine (NPN) becomes fluorescent upon interacting with damaged hydrophobic lipids in the membrane. Even after treating Msm with OCG at 4×MIC for 1 h, no fluorescence intensity increase was observed (FIG. 8). Both results indicated bactericidal effects of OCG may not be related to physical membrane damage.

US11857521B1. Anti-mycobacterial drugs (2024-01-02). None [US], None [US]. Inventors: Joong Ho Moon [US], Michelle Miranda [US].
Patent 2024
Biological Assay Cell Membrane Permeability Diffusion Fluorescence Membrane Lipids Nucleic Acids Physical Examination Protoplasm SYTOX Green Tissue, Membrane
2
Synergistic Cytotoxicity of OTS-412 and GCV
Not available on PMC !

Example 6

In order to confirm the anticancer effect of the combined administration of OTS-412 and GCV, the cytotoxicity according to the administration of OTS-412 and GCV was evaluated in two human lung cancer cell lines, A549 and NCI-H460 cancer cell lines, and two human colorectal cancer cell lines, HT-29 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines.

Specifically, A549, NCI-H460, HT-29 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines were infected with OTS-412 at 0.01, 0.1 or 1 MOI. Three infected cancer cell lines (A549, NCI-H460, and HT-29) were treated with 100 M GCV, and the infected HCT-116 cancer cell line, with 50 M GCV. The cells were cultured for 72 hours and analyzed for cytotoxicity using CCK8 (Cell Counting Kit 8).

As a result, in NCI-H460 and HCT-116 cancer cell lines, the viability of cancer cells treated with the combination of OTS-412 and GCV was significantly lower than that of cancer cells treated with OTS-412 alone. On the other hand, in A549 and HT-29 cancer cell lines, no significant difference was observed between the viability of cancer cells treated with the combination of OTS-412 and GCV and that of the cancer cells treated with OTS-412 alone. This result demonstrates the additional cytotoxic effect by GCV as well as the direct cancer cell death by OTS-412 (FIG. 9).

In addition, the apoptosis and necrosis according to the combined administration of OTS-412 and GCV were confirmed by flow cytometry (FACS). Specifically, A549 and NCI-H460 cell lines were treated with GCV alone, OTS-412 alone, or a combination of OTS-412 and GCV, respectively, and the cells were subjected to Annexin V/PI staining followed by flow cytometry. At this time, the viability of cell was determined based on the facts that: both Annexin V and PI are negative in living cells; Annexin V is positive in the early stage of apoptosis, wherein the permeability of cell membrane changes; and both Annexin V and PI are positive at the end of apoptosis, wherein the nucleus is exposed by destruction of the cell membrane.

As a result, the apoptosis by treatment with GCV alone was not confirmed. However, when A549 cells were treated with OTS-412 alone, the apoptosis rate was observed as 19.64%, and with combined treatment of OTS-412 and GCV, 35.06%. In addition, when NCI-H460 cells were treated with OTS-412 alone, the apoptosis rate was observed as 6.58%, and with combined treatment of OTS-412 and GCV, 12.78% (FIG. 10). In addition, FACS results were quantified and compared with each other. As a result, an additional toxic effect by GCV was confirmed, compared to the group treated with OTS-412 alone (FIG. 11).

US11857585B2. Oncolytic virus improved in safety and anticancer effect (2024-01-02). BIONOXX INC. [KR]. Inventors: Taeho Hwang [KR], Mong Cho [KR].
Patent 2024
A549 Cells Annexin A5 Apoptosis Cell Lines Cell Membrane Permeability Cell Nucleus Cells Cell Survival Colorectal Carcinoma Combined Modality Therapy Cytotoxin Flow Cytometry HCT116 Cells Homo sapiens HT29 Cells Lung Cancer Malignant Neoplasms Necrosis Plasma Membrane
3
Live/Dead Cell Imaging Assay
Live and dead cell images were obtained using a Live/Dead® Cell Imaging kit (488/570; R37601; Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Hydrolyzes the cell membrane permeable compounds that convert to the fluorescent anion calcein, thus detecting live cells. The dead cells were detected using ethidium homodimer (EthD-1) that stains the dead cells, which are impermeable to the dye, due to a compromised cell membrane. Images were obtained using a confocal laser scanning microscope (LSM 700; Carl Zeiss Microscopy Co., Ltd., Tokyo, Japan).
Siddiqui S.H., Khan M., Park J., Lee J., Choe H., Shim K, & Kang D. (2023). COPA3 peptide supplementation alleviates the heat stress of chicken fibroblasts. Frontiers in Veterinary Science, 10, 985040.
Publication 2023
Anions Cell Membrane Permeability Cells ethidium homodimer ethidium homodimer-1 fluorexon Microscopy Microscopy, Confocal Plasma Membrane Staining
4
Plant Stress Physiology Metrics
Four weeks after the beginning of the water deficit treatment, plants were harvested. Before harvesting, we measured chlorophyll a fluorescence and collected leaves for physiological parameters on 10 plants per population and water treatment. Plant biomass was collected, and relative water content, cell membrane permeability, pigments and carbohydrates were analyzed on fresh leaves, and antioxidant activity was analyzed on oven-dried leaves.
Castro H., Dias M.C., Castro M., Loureiro J, & Castro S. (2023). Impact of genome duplications in drought tolerance and distribution of the diploid-tetraploid Jasione maritima. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1144678.
Publication 2023
Antioxidant Activity Carbohydrates Cell Membrane Permeability Chlorophyll A Fluorescence physiology Pigmentation Plants
5
Electrolyte Leakage Assay for Cell Membrane Permeability
Cell membrane permeability (CMP) was determined by electrolyte leakage, as described by Dias et al. (2018) (link). Leaf discs were immersed in de-ionized water and incubated for 24h at room temperature on a rotary shaker. The electrical conductivity was measured before (Lt) and after (L0) samples autoclaving (120°C for 20 min). In addition, the electrolyte leakage (Lt/L0*100) was determined.
Castro H., Dias M.C., Castro M., Loureiro J, & Castro S. (2023). Impact of genome duplications in drought tolerance and distribution of the diploid-tetraploid Jasione maritima. Frontiers in Plant Science, 14, 1144678.
Publication 2023
Cell Membrane Permeability Electric Conductivity Electrolytes Plant Leaves

Top products related to «Cell Membrane Permeability»

1
Facscalibur by BD
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Canada, Japan, Italy, France, Belgium, Switzerland, Singapore, Uruguay, Australia, Spain, Poland, India, Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, Jersey, Finland, Sweden
The FACSCalibur is a flow cytometry system designed for multi-parameter analysis of cells and other particles. It features a blue (488 nm) and a red (635 nm) laser for excitation of fluorescent dyes. The instrument is capable of detecting forward scatter, side scatter, and up to four fluorescent parameters simultaneously.
2
Sytox green by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Switzerland, France, Canada, Netherlands, Spain, Italy, Austria
SYTOX Green is a nucleic acid stain that is membrane-impermeant, allowing it to selectively label dead cells with compromised plasma membranes. It exhibits a strong fluorescent signal upon binding to DNA.
3
Matrigel by BD
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Matrigel is a solubilized basement membrane preparation extracted from the Engelbreth-Holm-Swarm (EHS) mouse sarcoma, a tumor rich in extracellular matrix proteins. It is widely used as a substrate for the in vitro cultivation of cells, particularly those that require a more physiologically relevant microenvironment for growth and differentiation.
4
Propidium iodide by Merck Group
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Propidium iodide is a fluorescent dye commonly used in molecular biology and flow cytometry applications. It binds to DNA and is used to stain cell nuclei, allowing for the identification and quantification of cells in various stages of the cell cycle.
5
Live dead baclight bacterial viability kit by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, Australia, France, Japan, Portugal, Netherlands, Italy, Canada, Spain
The LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit is a fluorescence-based assay for determining the proportion of live and dead bacteria in a sample. The kit contains two nucleic acid stains, SYTO 9 and propidium iodide, which differentially label live and dead cells. SYTO 9 can penetrate both live and dead bacterial cells, while propidium iodide only enters cells with compromised membranes, which are typically dead or dying cells. The kit allows for the quantification of live and dead cells in a bacterial population.
6
Calcein am by Thermo Fisher Scientific
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Calcein AM is a fluorescent dye used for cell viability and cytotoxicity assays. It is a cell-permeant dye that is non-fluorescent until it is hydrolyzed by intracellular esterases, at which point it becomes fluorescent and is retained within live cells.
7
Facscanto 2 by BD
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The FACSCanto II is a flow cytometer instrument designed for multi-parameter analysis of single cells. It features a solid-state diode laser and up to four fluorescence detectors for simultaneous measurement of multiple cellular parameters.
8
Propidium iodide by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, China, France, Australia, Canada, Netherlands, Japan, Spain, Italy, Belgium, India, Portugal, Austria, Poland, Switzerland, Sweden, Malaysia, Brazil, Hong Kong, Ireland, Denmark, Singapore, New Zealand
Propidium iodide is a fluorescent dye used in flow cytometry to stain and quantify DNA content in cells. It binds to DNA by intercalating between the bases. Propidium iodide is commonly used to distinguish viable from non-viable cells.
9
Hoechst 33342 by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Japan, China, France, Canada, Spain, Belgium, Italy, Australia, Austria, Denmark, Netherlands, Switzerland, Ireland, New Zealand, Portugal, Brazil, Argentina, Singapore, Poland, Ukraine, Macao, Thailand, Finland, Lithuania, Sweden
Hoechst 33342 is a fluorescent dye that binds to DNA. It is commonly used in various applications, such as cell staining and flow cytometry, to identify and analyze cell populations.

More about "Cell Membrane Permeability"

Cell membrane permeability is a critical factor in various biological processes, including cellular uptake, drug delivery, and microbial infection.
This dynamic property determines the ability of molecules to cross the lipid bilayer that defines the cell's boundary.
Synonyms for cell membrane permeability include membrane permeability, transdermal permeability, and membrane transport.
Factors that influence cell membrane permeability include the physicochemical properties of the molecules, such as size, charge, and lipophilicity, as well as the composition and structure of the membrane itself.
Techniques like FACSCalibur, SYTOX Green, and Calcein AM are commonly used to assess cell membrane permeability, while Propidium iodide and the LIVE/DEAD BacLight Bacterial Viability Kit can be used to detect membrane integrity.
The ability to optimize and reproduce studies on cell membrane permeability is crucial for a wide range of applications, from drug development to microbial research.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can help researchers easily locate relevant protocols from literature, preprints, and patents, and use AI comparisons to identify the best protocols and products for their experiments.
This can help take the guesswork out of cell membrane permeability studies and enhance the reproducibility of research findings.
Key subtopics related to cell membrane permeability include membrane transport mechanisms (e.g., passive diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and active transport), the role of membrane proteins and lipids, and the impact of environmental factors (e.g., pH, temperature, and osmotic pressure) on permeability.
Matrigel and Hoechst 33342 are also relevant to cell membrane permeability studies in certain contexts.
By leveraging the insights and tools provided by PubCompare.ai, researchers can optimize their protocols for cell membrane permeability studies, leading to more robust and reproducible results that advance our understanding of this fundamental biological process.