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Interphase

Interphase is a critical phase in the cell cycle, occurring between cell divisions.
During this period, the cell prepares for the next round of division by replicating its DNA and organelles.
Interphase is divided into three main stages: G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 (further growth and preparation for mitosis).
This phase is essential for ensuring the proper duplication and distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.
Researchers studying cell biology and cell division processes can utilize Interphase to better understand fundamental cellular mechanisms and their dysregulation in disease states.

Most cited protocols related to «Interphase»

1
Suction Blister Induction and Wound Healing
A negative pressure instrument (Electronic Diversities, Finksburg, MD, USA) constructed to produce standard suction blisters upon application of negative pressure, was used on healthy skin (ex vivo: abdominal skin; in vivo: lower forearm). Subcutaneous fat was partially removed from ex vivo skin using a scissor. Subsequently, skin (10 × 10 cm2) was placed (not fixed, not kept in medium) on a styrofoam lid that was covered with aluminium foil to provide (at least partial) backpressure. Suction chambers with 5 openings (Ø = 5 mm) on the orifice plate were attached to skin, topped with a styrofoam lid and pressed with 1 kg weight in order to avoid movement of the plate. A pressure of 200–250 millimeter (mm) mercury (Hg) (ex vivo) or 150–200 mm Hg (in vivo) caused the skin to be drawn through the openings creating typical suction blisters of different size within 6–8 h (ex vivo) and 1–2 h (in vivo). Suction blister fluid (~110 µl/5 blisters) was collected using a syringe with a needle. Cells within the fluid were counted and placed on adhesion slides for staining and analysis. Blister roof epidermis was cut with a scissor, fixed with ice-cold acetone (10 minutes) and used for staining. For comparison and control, epidermal sheets were prepared from unwounded skin biopsy punches (Ø = 6 mm; 3.8% ammonium thiocyanate (Carl Roth GmbH + Co. KG, Germany) in PBS (Gibco, Thermo Fisher, Waltham, MA, USA), 1 h, 37 °C). Removal of the blister roof created a wound area. Biopsies (Ø = 6 mm) from wounded and unwounded areas were cultivated for 12 days in either duplicates or triplicates in 12 well culture plates and Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) (Gibco) supplemented with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS) (Gibco) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin (Gibco) and were cultured at the air-liquid interphase. Medium was changed every second day.
Rakita A., Nikolić N., Mildner M., Matiasek J, & Elbe-Bürger A. (2020). Re-epithelialization and immune cell behaviour in an ex vivo human skin model. Scientific Reports, 10, 1.
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Publication 2020
Abdomen Acetone Aluminum ammonium thiocyanate Biopsy Cells Cold Temperature Eagle Epidermis Fetal Bovine Serum Forearm Interphase Mercury-200 Movement Needles Penicillins Pressure Skin Streptomycin styrofoam Subcutaneous Fat Suction Drainage Syringes
2
Quantifying Cell Cycle Protein Levels
Cells were grown on Histogrip (Invitrogen) coated glass coverslips and fixed using ice-cold 100% methanol (β-tubulin) or with 3.7% formaldehyde diluted in PBS with 0.5% Triton X-100 for 10 min (Mad2, pSerCdk, Lamin A/C, Plk1, cyclin B1, and securin). All cells were washed and then blocked (3% BSA, 0,1% Tween 20 in PBS) for 30 min. Cells were incubated with primary antibodies were incubated for 2 h at room temperature in blocking solution. DNA was stained with DAPI. For Lamin A/C staining a Leica DM6000 SP8 confocal with a 63× lens was used. All other images were captured using Leica DM5500 microscope coupled with a Coolsnap HQ2 camera, using a Leica 100× or 40× APO 1.4 lens, powered by Leica LAS AF v3 software. To quantify pSer-CDK, cyclin B and secruin levels in cells, a single in-focus plane was acquired. Using ImageJ (v1.48, NIH), an outline was drawn around each cell and circularity, area, mean fluorescence measured, along with several adjacent background readings. The total corrected cellular fluorescence (TCCF) = integrated density – (area of selected cell × mean fluorescence of background readings), was calculated. This TCCF was then equalized against the mean TCCF of neighboring interphase cells in the same field of view, with results presented as fold increase over interphase levels. Box plots and statistical analysis (2-sided unpaired Student t tests) were performed using GraphPad Prism 5. For all other images, 0.3 µm z-sections were taken, de-convolved, and displayed as 2D maximum projections using ImageJ. False coloring and overlays were performed using Adobe Photoshop CS5 software.
McCloy R.A., Rogers S., Caldon C.E., Lorca T., Castro A, & Burgess A. (2014). Partial inhibition of Cdk1 in G2 phase overrides the SAC and decouples mitotic events. Cell Cycle, 13(9), 1400-1412.
Publication 2014
Antibodies Cells Cold Temperature Cyclin B Cyclin B1 DAPI Fluorescence Formaldehyde Interphase Lens, Crystalline LMNA protein, human Methanol Microscopy PLK1 protein, human prisma PTTG1 protein, human Student Triton X-100 Tubulin Tween 20
3
FISH Assay for Sarcoma Fusion Genes
FISH on interphase nuclei from paraffin embedded 4-micron sections was performed applying custom probes using bacterial artificial chromosomes (BAC), covering and flanking EWSR1 in 22q12, FUS in 16p11, PBX1 in 1q23, ZNF444 in 19q13 and POU5F1 in 6p21 (Fig. 1). BAC clones were chosen according to USCS genome browser (http://genome.uscs.edu). The BAC clones were obtained from BACPAC sources of Children's Hospital of Oakland Research Institute (CHORI) (Oakland, CA) (http://bacpac.chori.org). DNA from individual BACs was isolated according to the manufacturer’s instructions, labeled with different fluorochromes in a nick translation reaction, denatured, and hybridized to pretreated slides. Slides were then incubated, washed, and mounted with DAPI in an antifade solution, as previously described (Agaram et al., 2008 (link)). The genomic location of each BAC set was verified by hybridizing them to normal metaphase chromosomes. Two hundred successive nuclei were examined using a Zeiss fluorescence microscope (Zeiss Axioplan, Oberkochen, Germany), controlled by Isis 5 software (Metasystems). A positive score was interpreted when at least 20% of the nuclei showed a break-apart signal. Nuclei with incomplete set of signals were omitted from the score.
All cases were first tested with an EWSR1 probe. The EWSR1-rearranged tumors were then evaluated for break-apart signals using probes for PBX1, ZNF444, and POU5F1. The EWSR1 negative tumors were then tested for FUS break-apart, since FUS may substitute for the EWSR1 gene in certain translocation-associated sarcomas. In selective cases, two-color FISH was applied using probe-sets centromerically flanking one gene and telomerically flanking the partner gene, in order to confirm the fusion between EWSR1 and the partner genes. In one case a G-banded karyotype was obtained after short term culture.
Antonescu C.R., Zhang L., Chang N.E., Pawel B.R., Travis W., Katabi N., Edelman M., Rosenberg A.E., Nielsen G.P., Cin P.D, & Fletcher C.D. (2010). EWSR1-POU5F1 Fusion in Soft Tissue Myoepithelial Tumors. A Molecular Analysis of 66 Cases, Including Soft Tissue, Bone and Visceral Lesions, Showing Common Involvement of the EWSR1 gene. Genes, chromosomes & cancer, 49(12), 1114-1124.
Publication 2010
Bacterial Artificial Chromosomes Cell Nucleus Chromosomes Clone Cells DAPI EWSR1 protein, human Fishes Fluorescent Dyes Genes Genome Interphase Karyotyping Metaphase Microscopy, Fluorescence Neoplasms Paraffin pbx1 protein, human POU5F1 protein, human Sarcoma Translocation, Chromosomal
4
Exosome Isolation from Murine Brains
Fresh or previously frozen murine hemi-brains were dissected and treated with 20 units/ml papain (Worthington) in Hibernate E solution (3 ml/hemi-brain; BrainBits, Springfield, IL) for 15 min at 37 °C. The brain tissue was gently homogenized in 2 volumes (6 ml/hemi-brain) of cold Hibernate E solution. The brain homogenate was sequentially filtered through a 40-μm mesh filter (BD Biosciences) and a 0.2-μm syringe filter (Thermo Scientific). Exosomes were isolated from the filtrate as described previously (15 ). Briefly, the filtrate was sequentially centrifuged at 300 × g for 10 min at 4 °C, 2000 × g for 10 min at 4 °C, and 10,000 × g for 30 min at 4 °C to discard cells, membranes, and debris. The supernatant was centrifuged at 100,000 × g for 70 min at 4 °C to pellet exosomes. The exosome pellet was resuspended in 60 ml of cold PBS (Invitrogen), and the exosome solution was centrifuged at 100,000 × g for 70 min at 4 °C. The washed exosome pellet was resuspended in 2 ml of 0.95 m sucrose solution and inserted inside a sucrose step gradient column (six 2-ml steps starting from 2.0 m sucrose up to 0.25 m sucrose in 0.35 m increments, with the 0.95 m sucrose step containing the exosomes). The sucrose step gradient was centrifuged at 200,000 × g for 16 h at 4 °C. One-ml fractions were collected from the top of the gradient, and fractions flanking the interphase separating two neighboring sucrose layers were pooled together for a total of seven fractions (a, top 1-ml fraction; b, 2-ml; c, 2-ml; d, 2-ml; e, 2-ml; f, 2-ml; and g, bottom 1-ml fraction). These fractions were diluted in cold PBS and centrifuged at 100,000 × g at 4 °C for 70 min. Sucrose gradient fraction pellets were resuspended in 20 μl of cold PBS. Two μl were used to measure acetylcholine esterase (AChE) activity, and 2-μl were used for EM. Exosome lysate was prepared by mixing 16 μl of the leftover solution with an equal volume of 2× radioimmune precipitation assay lysis buffer supplemented with a mixture of protease inhibitors. We used 2 μl of the lysate to quantify exosomal protein content (BCA protein assay kit, Pierce) and 10 μl of the lysate (31% of the exosome lysate total volume) for protein analysis by Western blotting.
Perez-Gonzalez R., Gauthier S.A., Kumar A, & Levy E. (2012). The Exosome Secretory Pathway Transports Amyloid Precursor Protein Carboxyl-terminal Fragments from the Cell into the Brain Extracellular Space. The Journal of Biological Chemistry, 287(51), 43108-43115.
Publication 2012
Acetylcholinesterase Biological Assay Brain Buffers Cells Cold Temperature Exosomes Freezing Interphase Mus Papain Pellets, Drug Protease Inhibitors Proteins Sucrose Syringes Tissue, Membrane Tissues Western Blot
5
Cytogenetic Analysis of Acute Leukemia Samples
Cytogenetic analyses of diagnostic (n=5259) and relapse (n=909) samples from patients with AML and ALL enrolled onto a prospective cytogenetic companion study, CALGB 8461 (5 (link)), were performed in multiple, currently 33, CALGB-approved institutional cytogenetic laboratories. Written IRB-approved informed consent was obtained from all patients. For each specimen, two karyotypes and metaphase spreads from each clone were submitted with the data on processing methods to the CALGB Cytogenetic Data Management Center. If applicable, images of interphase and/or metaphase cells subjected to fluorescence in situ hybridization (FISH) were also submitted. All cases underwent biannual central karyotype review performed by the CALGB Karyotype Review Committee consisting often expert cancer cytogeneticists. At central karyotype review sessions, every karyotype, metaphase spread, FISH image, and processing and interpretive data were reviewed by two cytogeneticists. In some cases, usually those with more complex chromosome abnormalities and/or with suboptimal banding quality, other reviewers also rendered their opinion. Once consensus was reached, each submission was judged as either acceptable with adequate banding quality, acceptable with borderline banding quality, or inadequate and consequently rejected. Reasons for rejection included poor banding quality that makes unequivocal karyotype interpretation impossible, and, only in cases with a normal karyotype, analysis of <20 metaphase cells from a marrow sample cultured for 24–48 hours or analysis of blood only (5 (link)). Since the aim of this study was to assess the role of central karyotype review, our analyses did not include 202 AML and 125 ALL cases for whom cytogenetic analysis yielded no metaphase cells.
In addition to data on rejection rates collected routinely at each central karyotype review, for the purpose of this study, we prospectively collected detailed information on the reasons for revisions made by central karyotype review in the submitted karyotypes that were accepted or borderline accepted during eight recent central karyotype review sessions. The reasons for revision were divided into the following categories: 1) major errors in karyotype interpretation, such as failure of the submitting laboratory to recognize a clonal abnormality, identification of an abnormality found on central karyotype review not to be present, and incorrect interpretation of an abnormality; 2) the need for refinement of breakpoint assignment in structural abnormalities properly recognized by the submitting laboratory, 3) misidentified or upside-down chromosomes, and 4) incorrect use of the ISCN (1995) nomenclature (47 ). In this study, we excluded samples analyzed cytogenetically during complete remission, because these samples differ from pretreatment and relapse samples in that they rarely contain leukemic cells and are usually karyotypically normal (48 (link)). The rejection rates between the first and the recent four-year periods (Table I) have been compared using the Fisher’s Exact test. All analyses were performed by the CALGB Statistical Center.
Mrózek K., Carroll A.J., Maharry K., Rao K.W., Patil S.R., Pettenati M.J., Watson M.S., Arthur D.C., Tantravahi R., Heerema N.A., Koduru P.R., Block A.W., Qumsiyeh M.B., Edwards C.G., Sterling L.J., Holland K.B, & Bloomfield C.D. (2008). Central review of cytogenetics is necessary for cooperative group correlative and clinical studies of adult acute leukemia: The Cancer and Leukemia Group B experience. International journal of oncology, 33(2), 239-244.
Publication 2008
Cells Chromosome Aberrations Chromosomes Clone Cells Congenital Abnormality Cytogenetic Analysis Diagnosis Fluorescent in Situ Hybridization Hematologic Tests Interphase Karyotyping Lanugo Malignant Neoplasms Marrow Metaphase Patients Pets Relapse

Most recents protocols related to «Interphase»

1
Isolation and Purification of PBMCs
PBMC were isolated by density gradient centrifugation. Briefly, blood was diluted at a ratio of 1:1 with phosphate buffered saline (PBS), layered above Biocoll Separating Solution (density 1077 g/l, Biochrom AG, Berlin, Germany) and centrifuged at 500 x g for 30 min at room temperature (RT) without brake. PBMC at the interphase were harvested into PBS and centrifuged at 500 x g for 10 min at RT. After another washing step with PBS, erythrocytes were lysed by incubation in 150 mM NH4Cl, 8 mM KHCO3, 2 mM EDTA (pH 7) for 5 min at RT. The reaction was stopped by addition of PBS containing 3% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Carlsbad, USA; and PAN-Biotech, Aidenbach, Germany). After washing with PBS, PBMC were counted in Trypan blue (Sigma-Aldrich, Taufkirchen, Germany) using a hemocytometer (Laboroptik, Lancing, UK).
Eschke M., Moore P.F., Chang H., Alber G, & Keller S.M. (2023). Canine peripheral blood TCRαβ T cell atlas: Identification of diverse subsets including CD8A+ MAIT-like cells by combined single-cell transcriptome and V(D)J repertoire analysis. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1123366.
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Publication 2023
Blood Centrifugation, Density Gradient Edetic Acid Erythrocytes Interphase Phosphates potassium bicarbonate Saline Solution Trypan Blue
2
Bovine PBMC Isolation and Mycobacterium avium Infection
MGIA were performed as previously described (22 (link)–24 (link)). Briefly, fifteen milliliters of peripheral blood were drawn from the tail vein of healthy Holstein cows into heparinized Vacutainer tubes (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Sparks, MD, USA) and diluted 1:2 in Hanks balanced salt solution (HBSS). Leucosep tubes were filled with 15 ml of Ficoll-Paque (1.084 g/cm3) (GE Healthcare, Uppsala, Sweden) and centrifuged at 1,000 rpm for 30 seconds at room temperature. Subsequently, the diluted blood was overlaid on the top of the Ficoll-Paque and centrifuged at 800 g for 15 minutes at room temperature. The plasma layer was removed and the cell interphase containing peripheral blood mononuclear cells (PBMCs) was collected and transferred to a clean tube. PBMCs were washed twice in HBSS and centrifuged at 400 g for 10 minutes to remove platelets. Supernatants were aspirated and the purified PBMCs were resuspended in RPMI-1640 supplemented with 20 mM L-glutamine, 10% heat-inactivated bovine serum (Lonza, Spain), 100 U ml-1 penicillin G, and 100 mg ml-1 streptomycin sulfate (Lonza, Spain). PBMCs were cultured at a concentration of 1 x 106 cells/ml into 24-well plates and incubated at 37°C in a humidified 5% CO2 incubator for 2 h. Non-adherent cells were removed by washing, and adherent cells were incubated in fresh medium for 7 days at 37°C to allow differentiation to MDMs. Differentiated MDMs were inoculated in triplicate with a single-cell suspension of MAP K10 strain at a multiplicity of infection (MOI) of 10:1 (bacteria:cells). After 2 h, the supernatant was removed, and the cells were washed twice with HBSS to remove extracellular bacteria. Infected MDMs were lysed at this time (2 h p. i.) or were cultured at 37°C for 7 days in fresh medium. At each time point, the supernatant was aspirated and infected MDMs were lysed by vigorous pipetting with 0.5 ml of 0.1% Triton X-100 (Sigma-Aldrich) in sterile water for 10 min.
Badia-Bringué G., Canive M, & Alonso-Hearn M. (2023). Control of Mycobacterium avium subsp. paratuberculosis load within infected bovine monocyte-derived macrophages is associated with host genetics. Frontiers in Immunology, 14, 1042638.
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Publication 2023
Bacteria BLOOD Blood Platelets Bos taurus Cells Cultured Cells Ficoll G-800 Glutamine Hanks Balanced Salt Solution Holstein Cow Infection Interphase methylene dimethanesulfonate Neoplasm Metastasis PBMC Peripheral Blood Mononuclear Cells Penicillin G Plasma Serum Sterility, Reproductive Streptomycin Sulfate Tail Triton X-100 Veins
3
FISH Analysis of ESC Chromosome Loci
FISH analyses were carried on both metaphase arrested and cycling interphase nuclei of ESCs. The probes were purchased from Empire Genomics, USA (Catalog # MYBPC3-20GR and MYH7-20-OR). FISH probes specific for MYBPC3 (11p11.2 locus, ~188Kb) were labeled using Green-dUTP, and for MYH7 (14q11.2 locus, ~177 Kb) were labeled using Orange-dUTP. Briefly, ESCs were treated with KaryoMAX Colcemide (Life Technologies) at a final concentration of 200 ng/mL for 1.5 h at 37 °C. Treated cells were then detached by 0.25% trypsin/EDTA and incubated in hypotonic 0.075 M KCL for 20 min. Cells were next fixed with methanol: acetic acid (3:1 v/v) and dropped onto a slide and dried on a hot plate at 60 °C. The samples were dehydrated using ethanol (70, 85, and 100%) for 1 min in each and dried in air. Slides were applied with the probe mixture, covered with an 18 mm2 coverslip, and incubated in a humidified Thermobrite® system (Leica) set at 73 °C for 2 min, and then 37 °C for 16 h. The incubated slides were rinsed with washing solution 1 (0.3% Igepal/0.4 × SSC) and washing solution 2 (0.1% Igepal/2 × SSC). Slides were mounted in ProLong™ Gold Antifade Mountant with DAPI (Life Technologies) and observed using a fluorescence microscopy equipped with a cooled CCD camera. Images were captured and analyzed by ISIS analysis software (MetaSystem GmbH).
Liang D., Mikhalchenko A., Ma H., Marti Gutierrez N., Chen T., Lee Y., Park S.W., Tippner-Hedges R., Koski A., Darby H., Li Y., Van Dyken C., Zhao H., Wu K., Zhang J., Hou Z., So S., Han J., Park J., Kim C.J., Zong K., Gong J., Yuan Y., Gu Y., Shen Y., Olson S.B., Yang H., Battaglia D., O’Leary T., Krieg S.A., Lee D.M., Wu D.H., Duell P.B., Kaul S., Kim J.S., Heitner S.B., Kang E., Chen Z.J., Amato P, & Mitalipov S. (2023). Limitations of gene editing assessments in human preimplantation embryos. Nature Communications, 14, 1219.
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Publication 2023
Acetic Acid Cell Nucleus Cells Colcemide DAPI deoxyuridine triphosphate Edetic Acid Enhanced S-Cone Syndrome Ethanol Fishes Gold Interphase Metaphase Methanol Microscopy, Fluorescence Trypsin
4
Macro-Stimulation Propagation Mapping
For all in vivo validation sessions, a Neuro-stack with two analog layers was used, which allowed for up to two micro-electrode bundles (16 channels) and eight macro-electrodes (32 bipolar or 64 monopolar channels). All micro-electrode and macro-electrode recording sessions were sampled at 38.6 kHz and 6,250 Hz, respectively. Base recordings were done without hardware decimation, non-linear correction and artifact rejection on the Sense IC. Refer to the ‘Data analysis and statistics’ subsection for details about data analyses.
Macro-stimulation was performed in three participants while they rested in their hospital beds. In the first two participants, three stimulation bursts (0.5 mA) were delivered to a single bipolar electrode channel. In a third participant, we performed stimulation propagation mapping, where macro-stimulation was delivered to a single bipolar channel (Fig. 3c,d), and recording was done in the other 40 channels. The parameter test space included (amplitude, frequency) combinations of (0.25, 0.50, 0.75, 1.00 and 1.25) mA × (60, 80, 100, 120 and 140) Hz where every combination was repeated four times for a total of 100 bursts (Fig. 3c) with the following parameters (pulse width: 1.28 ms; interphase width: 150 μs; rectangular pulse shape; interburst delay: 16.67 s). The desired burst frequency was achieved by setting the inter-pulse delay appropriately.
Rectangular pulses recorded in all 40 channels were identified by using cross-correlation across all channels against a template waveform of the delivered stimulation pulse, which was later used for alignment (Fig. 3f,g) and calculating statistics of propagation in 33 out of 40 channels (seven channels did not have artifacts) with respect to varying amplitudes (Fig. 3h) and frequencies (Fig. 3i). For statistical calculations of the propagated power, all pulse waveforms across channels were normalized using the same value of the largest pulse that was propagated.
Topalovic U., Barclay S., Ling C., Alzuhair A., Yu W., Hokhikyan V., Chandrakumar H., Rozgic D., Jiang W., Basir-Kazeruni S., Maoz S.L., Inman C.S., Stangl M., Gill J., Bari A., Fallah A., Eliashiv D., Pouratian N., Fried I., Suthana N, & Markovic D. (2023). A wearable platform for closed-loop stimulation and recording of single-neuron and local field potential activity in freely moving humans. Nature Neuroscience, 26(3), 517-527.
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Publication 2023
Interphase Pulse Rate Pulses
5
Detecting MYC Rearrangements in BL720
FISH analyses were performed at the Clinical Duke Cytogenetics Laboratory at Duke University Health Systems Clinical Laboratories and carried out on cell lines. The Vysis LSI IGH/MYC/CEP 8 Tri-Color Dual Fusion FISH Probe Kit (04N10-020; Abbott laboratories) was used to detect the t(8;14) (q24;q32) reciprocal translocation involving the IGH and MYC gene regions, and also a centromere enumeration probe (CEP 8, D8Z2) as a reference for the copy number of chromosome 8. For BL720, we also performed interphase FISH analysis using a break-apart probe to test for any MYC rearrangement (Ventura et al, 2006 (link)). The 8q24 MYC rearrangement was detected using the Vysis LSI MYC dual-color break-apart probe (05J91-001; Abbott Laboratories) for BL720 alone, because it failed to show translocation in t(8;14). This probe set detects rearrangement of the MYC locus at 8q24.2 without identification of the translocation partner.
Saikumar Lakshmi P., Oduor C.I., Forconi C.S., M’Bana V., Bly C., Gerstein R.M., Otieno J.A., Ong’echa J.M., Münz C., Luftig M.A., Brehm M.A., Bailey J.A, & Moormann A.M. (2023). Endemic Burkitt lymphoma avatar mouse models for exploring inter-patient tumor variation and testing targeted therapies. Life Science Alliance, 6(5), e202101355.
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Publication 2023
c-myc Genes Cell Lines Centromere Chromosomes Chromosomes, Human, Pair 8 Clinical Laboratory Services Fishes Interphase Translocation, Chromosomal

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More about "Interphase"

Interphase is a critical period in the cell division cycle, occurring between mitotic cell divisions.
During this phase, the cell prepares for the next round of division by replicating its DNA and organelles.
Interphase is divided into three main stages: G1 (cell growth), S (DNA synthesis), and G2 (further growth and preparation for mitosis).
This phase is essential for ensuring the proper duplication and distribution of genetic material to daughter cells.
Researchers studying cell biology and cell division processes can utilize Interphase to better understand fundamental cellular mechanisms and their dysregulation in disease states.
Techniques like Percoll density gradient centrifugation, DNase I treatment, Ficoll-Paque PLUS, and Histopaque-1077 can be used to isolate and study cells during Interphase.
Similarly, Collagenase D can be used to dissociate tissues and release cells for analysis.
The Isis 5 software and TRIzol reagent are also valuable tools for researchers investigating Interphase and related cellular processes.
By leveraging the power of AI-driven research optimization platforms like PubCompare.ai, scientists can easily locate relevant protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and identify the best methods and products for their specific research needs.
This can help streamline workflows and maximize productivity, ultimately advancing our understanding of this critical phase of the cell cycle.