Ion Exchange
This process finds widespread applications in water treatment, bioprocessing, electrochemical systems, and various analytical methods.
Ion exchange resins can be categorized as cation or anion exchangers, with different functional groups and selectivities tailored for different applications.
Researchers can leverage the power of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, to identify the most accurate and reproducible ion exchange protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
By leveraging AI-powered comparisons, scientists can optimize their ion exchange experiments, enhancing accuracy and efficiency to take their research to new heights.
Most cited protocols related to «Ion Exchange»
Most recents protocols related to «Ion Exchange»
Example 1
In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).
After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.
After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 25° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 60 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).
Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.
In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).
Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).
To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles. The produced hydrotalcite particles were subjected to an elemental analysis, resulting in that Mg/Al (molar ratio)=2.1.
In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2003-048712, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.
In 150 g/L of NaOH solution in an amount of 3 L were dissolved 90 g of metal aluminum to give a solution. After 399 g of MgO were added to the solution, 174 g of Na2CO3 were added thereto and they were reacted with each other for 6 hours with stirring at 95° C. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized.
To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 30 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles. After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was cooled, filtered and washed to give solid matters, a drying treatment was performed on the solid matters at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.
Example 2
In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).
After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.
After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 30° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 90 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).
Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.
In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).
Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).
To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.
Solid products of hydrotalcite particles were produced in a same manner as in Comparative Example 1 except that reaction conditions of 95° C. and 6 hours for synthesis of the hydrotalcite particles slurry in Comparative Example 1 were changed to hydrothermal reaction conditions of 170° C. and 6 hours.
Example 3
In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).
After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.
After 96 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 0.8 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 60° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 60 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).
Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.
In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).
Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).
To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.
In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. 2013-103854, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.
Into a 5 L container were added 447.3 g of magnesium hydroxide (d50=4.0 μm) and 299.2 g of aluminum hydroxide (d50=8.0 μm), and water was added thereto to achieve a total amount of 3 L. They were stirred for 10 minutes to prepare slurry. The slurry had physical properties of d50=10 μm and d90=75 μm. Then, the slurry was subjected to wet grinding for 18 minutes (residence time) by using Dinomill MULTILAB (wet grinding apparatus) with controlling a slurry temperature during grinding by using a cooling unit so as not to exceed 40° C. As a result, ground slurry had physical properties of d50=1.0 μm, d90=3.5 μm, and slurry viscosity=5000 cP. Then, sodium hydrogen carbonate was added to 2 L of the ground slurry such that an amount of the sodium hydrogen carbonate was ½ mole with respect to 1 mole of the magnesium hydroxide. Water was added thereto to achieve a total amount of 8 L, and they were stirred for 10 minutes to give slurry. Into an autoclave was put 3 L of the slurry, and a hydrothermal reaction was caused at 170° C. for 2 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized.
To the hydrotalcite particles slum were added 6.8 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles. After solids were filtered by filtration, the filtrated cake was washed with 9 L of ion exchange water at 35° C. The filtrated cake was further washed with 100 mL of ion exchange water, and a conductance of water used for washing was measured. As a result, the conductance of this water was 50 μS/sm (25° C.). The water-washed cake was dried at 100° C. for 24 hours and was ground to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.
Example 5
In a 2 L stainless steel container, 730 g of aluminum hydroxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade) were added into 1110 mL of 48% sodium hydroxide solution (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., Cica special grade), and they were stirred at 124° C. for 1 hour to give a sodium aluminate solution (First Step).
After the sodium aluminate solution was cooled to 80° C., ion exchange water was added into the sodium aluminate solution to achieve a total amount of 1500 mL.
After 192 mL of the sodium aluminate solution were separated into a 1 L stainless steel container, pure water was added into the solution to achieve a total amount of 730 mL (concentration of the sodium aluminate solution: 1.6 mol/L). The solution was stirred with keeping a temperature thereof at 30° C., and the solution was aerated with carbon dioxide in an aeration amount of 0.7 L/min. for 90 minutes to give adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry (low-crystallinity aluminum compound=pseudo-boehmite) (Second Step).
Separately, 49.5 g of magnesium oxide powder (commercially available from KANTO CHEMICAL CO., INC., special grade) were added to 327 mL of pure water, and they were stirred for 1 hour to give magnesium oxide slurry.
In a 1.5 L stainless steel container, the magnesium oxide slurry and the adjusted aluminum hydroxide slurry were added into 257 mL of pure water, and they were stirred at 55° C. for 90 minutes to cause a first-order reaction. As a result, a reactant containing hydrotalcite nuclear particles was prepared (Third Step).
Then, pure water was added to the reactant to give a solution in a total amount of 1 L. The solution was put into a 2 L autoclave, and a hydrothermal synthesis was performed at 160° C. for 7 hours. As a result, hydrotalcite particles slurry was synthesized (Fourth Step).
To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 4.3 g of stearic acid (3 parts by mass with respect to 100 parts by mass of hydrotalcite particles) with keeping a temperature of the hydrotalcite particles slurry at 95° C. to perform a surface treatment on particles (Fifth Step). After the hydrotalcite particles slurry of which particles were surface treated was filtered and washed, a drying treatment was performed at 100° C. to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.
In accordance with a method of Example 1 described in Japanese Laid-Open Patent Publication No. H06-136179, hydrotalcite particles were synthesized.
To 1 L of water were added 39.17 g of sodium hydroxide and 11.16 g of sodium carbonate with stirring, and they were heated to 40° C. Then, to 500 mL of distilled water were added 61.28 g of magnesium chloride (19.7% as MgO), 37.33 g of aluminum chloride (20.5% as Al2O3), and 2.84 g of ammonium chloride (31.5% as NH3) such that a molar ratio of Mg to Al, Mg/Al, was 2.0 and a molar ratio of NH3 to Al, NH3/Al, was 0.35. As a result, an aqueous solution A was prepared. The aqueous solution A was gradually poured into a reaction system of the sodium hydroxide and the sodium carbonate. The reaction system after pouring had pH of 10.2. Moreover, a reaction of the reaction system was caused at 90° C. for about 20 hours with stirring to give hydrotalcite particles slurry.
To the hydrotalcite particles slurry were added 1.1 g of stearic acid, and a surface treatment was performed on particles with stirring to give a reacted suspension. The reacted suspension was subjected to filtration and water washing, and then the reacted suspension was subjected to drying at 70° C. The dried suspension was ground by a compact sample mill to give solid products of hydrotalcite particles.
Example 12
A solution of 2-[2-fluoro-4-[5-[(1-tetrahydropyran-2-ylindazol-5-yl)amino]-2-(2-trimethylsilylethoxymethyl)-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenoxy]-N-isopropyl-acetamide (100 mg, 0.16 mmol) in hydrogen chloride-isopropanol solution, 5 N (3.00 mL, 9.00 mmol) was heated at 80° C. for 2 h. The reaction mixture was cooled to r.t. and passed through an ion-exchange cartridge (SCX, eluting with 1M NH3 in MeOH). The crude product was purified by preparative HPLC (30-80% MeCN in H2O) to give 2-[2-fluoro-4-[5-(1H-indazol-5-ylamino)-4H-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]phenoxy]-N-isopropyl-acetamide (15 mg, 0.03 mmol, 21% yield) as an off-white solid. LC-MS (ES+, Method E): 5.90 min, m/z 410 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (500 MHz, DMSO-d6): δ 12.51 (s, 1H), 8.66 (s, 1H), 7.97 (s, 1H), 7.92 (s, 1H), 7.49-7.41 (m, 3H), 7.22 (t, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 4.58 (s, 2H), 3.99-3.94 (m, 1H), 1.15 (d, J=6.5 Hz, 6H).
Example 234
7-[5-[(4-Chloro-1H-indazol-5-yl)amino]-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]chroman-4-one (55 mg, 0.14 mmol) was dissolved in MeOH (5 mL) and NaBH4 (13 mg, 0.35 mmol) was added. The mixture was left to stir for 1 h. Further NaBH4 (6 mg, 0.17 mmol) was added and the reaction was stirred for 30 min. The reaction was quenched by addition of sat NH4Cl and diluted with EtOAc. The layers were separated and the aqueous was extracted with ethyl acetate twice. The organic layers were combined and concentrated under reduced pressure. The residue was purified on a 25 g C-18 column eluting with 5-60% MeCN in water (0.1% formic acid), followed by an ion exchange SCX-2 column eluting with a 1N NH3 in MeOH solution to give 7-[5-[(4-chloro-1H-indazol-5-yl)amino]-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]chroman-4-ol (32 mg, 0.08 mmol, 58% yield) as a white powder solid. UPLC-MS (ES+, Method B): 2.92 min, m/z 397.1 [M+H]+. 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6): 13.38 (s, 1H), 8.47 (s, 1H), 8.08 (s, 1H), 7.62-7.53 (m, 2H), 7.37-7.28 (m, 2H), 7.17 (d, J 1.7 Hz, 1H), 5.38 (d, J 5.5 Hz, 1H), 4.60 (q, J 5.0 Hz, 1H), 4.20-4.16 (m, 2H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 2.04-1.94 (m, 1H), 1.89-1.81 (m, 1H).
Example 204
To a stirred solution of 2-[4-[5-[(4-chloro-1H-indazol-5-yl)amino]-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-2-methoxy-phenoxy]acetic acid dihydrochloride (100 mg, 0.21 mmol), tbutylamine (0.02 mL, 0.24 mmol) and N,N-diisopropylethylamine (0.11 mL, 0.64 mmol) in DMF (1 mL) was added 2-(7-aza-1H-benzotriazole-1-yl)-1,1,3,3-tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU) (90 mg, 0.24 mmol) and the solution stirred for 16 h. The resultant brown solution was loaded onto an SCX ion exchange cartridge and washed with methanol. The product was then eluted with 1.0M MeOH/NH3. The solution was reduced in vacuo and the residue was triturated with DCM/diethyl ether to give a pale pink solid which was filtered and washed with further diethyl ether and dried to yield N-tert-butyl-2-[4-[5-[(4-chloro-1H-indazol-5-yl)amino]-1-methyl-1,2,4-triazol-3-yl]-2-methoxy-phenoxy]acetamide (52 mg, 0.11 mmol, 49% yield) as a pale pink solid. UPLC-MS (ES+, Method B): 3.53 min, m/z 484.4 [M+H]+ 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ 13.37 (s, 1H), 8.46 (s, 1H), 8.16-8.06 (m, 1H), 7.66-7.50 (m, 2H), 7.45-7.33 (m, 3H), 6.94 (d, J=8.4 Hz, 1H), 4.41 (s, 2H), 3.82 (s, 3H), 3.77 (s, 3H), 1.29 (s, 9H).
Example 151
6-(3-Isoquinolyl)-N-tetrahydropyran-2-yloxy-spiro[chromane-2,4′-piperidine]-1′-carboxamide (0.041 g, 0.087 mmol), and TFA (10 eq.) in DCM (2 mL) was stirred at RT overnight. When the reaction was completed by HPLC it was then concentrated and the product purified by Gilson reverse phase chromatography (5-40% ACN in water with 0.1% TFA). The pure fractions were concentrated, and the product freebased using an ion exchange column eluting first with MeOH, then 2 N NH4 in MeOH. The freebase was concentrated, dried at 50° C. under vacuum overnight. Analysis: LCMS m/z=390 (M+1); 1H NMR (400 MHz, DMSO-d6) δ: 9.34 (s, 1H), 9.07 (s, 1H), 8.29 (s, 1H), 8.10 (d, J=8.3 Hz, 1H), 8.04-7.92 (m, 4H), 7.76 (ddd, J=8.3, 7.0, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 7.62 (ddd, J=8.1, 7.0, 1.3 Hz, 1H), 6.92 (d, J=8.5 Hz, 1H), 3.65 (br d, J=13.6 Hz, 2H), 3.15 (br t, J=10.8 Hz, 2H), 2.86 (br t, J=6.7 Hz, 2H), 1.85 (br t, J=6.8 Hz, 2H), 1.71 (br d, J=13.6 Hz, 2H), 1.62-1.49 (m, 2H).
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More about "Ion Exchange"
This process is widely used in water treatment, bioprocessing, electrochemical systems, and various analytical methods.
Ion exchange resins can be categorized as cation or anion exchangers, with different functional groups and selectivities tailored for different applications.
Researchers can leverage the power of PubCompare.ai, an AI-driven platform, to identify the most accurate and reproducible ion exchange protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
By utilizing AI-powered comparisons, scientists can optimize their ion exchange experiments, enhancing accuracy and efficiency to take their research to new heights.
This includes leveraging ion exchange chromatography techniques like Superdex 200, Superdex 75, and HiTrap Q HP, as well as using related products like L-8900, L-8800, Ni-NTA resin, Agilent 1260 Infinity, and 33P ATP.
PubCompare.ai can help researchers discover the most reliable and effective ion exchange methods, whether they're working with cation exchangers, anion exchangers, or a combination of techniques.
This AI-driven platform can also assist in the purification and analysis of biomolecules like proteins and nucleic acids, which often involve ion exchange steps.
By leveraging the insights and capabilities of PubCompare.ai, scientists can take their ion exchange research to new heights, optimizing their experiments, enhancing reproducibility, and driving their discoveries forward more efficiently.
Explore the power of this AI-driven platform and elevate your ion exchange research today.