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Muscle Tonus
Muscle Tonus
Muscle tonus refers to the state of partial contraction or tension present in a muscle at rest, which helps maintain posture and joint stability.
It is an important factor in muscle function and locomotion.
Optimizing research on muscle tonus can be challenging, but PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform offers tools to help locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing reproducbility and accuracy in your studies.
Discover how PubCompare.ai can support your muscle tonus research today.
It is an important factor in muscle function and locomotion.
Optimizing research on muscle tonus can be challenging, but PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform offers tools to help locate the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing reproducbility and accuracy in your studies.
Discover how PubCompare.ai can support your muscle tonus research today.
Most cited protocols related to «Muscle Tonus»
Adult
Anger
Arousal
Asian Americans
Europeans
Face
Fear
Females
Hair
Latinos
Males
Muscle Tonus
Negroid Races
Oral Cavity
Ankle
Blindness
Blindness, Bilateral
Child
Cognition
Congenital Abnormality
Diagnosis
Disabled Persons
Dyskinesias
Eye
Eyeglasses
Grasp
Hearing Impaired Persons
Hearing Loss, Bilateral
Infant, Newborn
Motor Disorders
Motor Skills
Movement
Muscle Tonus
Neurologic Examination
Operative Surgical Procedures
Parent
Reflex
Reflex, Tendon
Spastic
Speech
Strabismus
Systems, Nervous
Vision
Visually Impaired Persons
In our study, each participant was asked to perform each investigated assessment provided by the device three times. Specifically, to avoid the onset of spasticity due to the maximum contractions, the order of the tests was the following: 1) muscle tone (three repetitions); 2) spasticity (three repetitions); 3) strength (three repetitions). For each subject, a session lasted between 5 and 10 min, depending on patient’s impairment and compliance. In each rehabilitation center, the robotic assessment was performed by a single physical therapist, proficient in the use of the device. Before starting the study, the procedures were harmonized among centers.
Both patients and healthy subjects were tested twice, 1 day apart, to assess the test-retest reliability of the provided outcome measures. Each subject was evaluated in the two sessions by the same operator, using the pROM recorded in the first evaluation. For both test sessions, the value of each measure obtained in the three repetitions was recorded. With respect to the numeric data (i.e., HandForceflex, HandForceext and Muscle tone), the mean value was computed and used for the statistical analysis. With respect to the ordinal data (MASV1, MASV3, MTSV1, MTSV3), the best value (i.e., the lowest value) was used.
Both patients and healthy subjects were tested twice, 1 day apart, to assess the test-retest reliability of the provided outcome measures. Each subject was evaluated in the two sessions by the same operator, using the pROM recorded in the first evaluation. For both test sessions, the value of each measure obtained in the three repetitions was recorded. With respect to the numeric data (i.e., HandForceflex, HandForceext and Muscle tone), the mean value was computed and used for the statistical analysis. With respect to the ordinal data (MASV1, MASV3, MTSV1, MTSV3), the best value (i.e., the lowest value) was used.
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Healthy Volunteers
Medical Devices
Muscle Spasticity
Muscle Tonus
Patients
Physical Therapist
Based on consensus between the authors, physical therapy interventions for the rehabilitation of patients with stroke were divided into: (1) interventions related to gait and mobility-related functions and activities, including novel methods focusing on efficient resource use, such as circuit class training and caregiver-mediated exercises; (2) interventions related to arm-hand activities; (3) interventions related to activities of daily living; (4) interventions related to physical fitness; and (5) other interventions which could not be classified into one of the other categories. In addition, attention was paid to (6) intensity of practice and (7) neurological treatment approaches.
The ICF [15] , [23] was used to classify the outcome measures into the following domains:muscle and movement functions (e.g. muscle power functions [b730], control of voluntary movement functions [b760], muscle tone functions [b735]), joint and bone functions (e.g. mobility of joint functions [b710]), sensory functions (e.g. proprioceptive function [b260], touch function [b365], sensory functions related to temperature and other stimuli [b720]), gait pattern functions [b770] (e.g. gait speed, stride length), functions of the cardiovascular and respiratory systems (e.g. heart functions [b410], blood pressure functions [b420], respiration functions [b440], respiratory muscle functions [b445], exercise tolerance functions [b455]), mental functions (e.g. quality of life, depression), balance (e.g. changing basic body position [d410], maintaining a body position [d415]), walking [d450] (e.g. distance, independence, falls), arm-hand activities (e.g. fine hand use [d440], hand and arm use [d445]), basic ADL (e.g. washing oneself [d510], toileting [d520], dressing [d540], eating [d550], urination functions [d620]), extended ADL (e.g. acquisition of goods and services [d620], preparing meals [d630], doing housework [d640], recreation and leisure [d920]), and attitudes (e.g. individual attitudes of immediate or extended family members, like caregiver strain [e410 and e425 respectively]). The primary outcomes were at the body functions and activities and participation levels, while secondary outcomes included contextual factors.
The ICF [15] , [23] was used to classify the outcome measures into the following domains:
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Attention
Basal Bodies
Blood Physiological Phenomena
Bones
Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena
Cerebrovascular Accident
Exercise Tolerance
Family Member
Heart
Human Body
Joints
Movement
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tonus
Patients
Pressure
Proprioception
Range of Motion, Articular
Rehabilitation
Respiratory Physiology
Respiratory System
Strains
Therapy, Physical
Touch
Urination
As previously reported1 (link), all shoulder ROM data were measured by a single certified orthopedic surgeon using a digital protractor (iGaging, CA, USA). We have previously established the intrarater validity and reliability of the goniometer and hand-held dynamometers1 (link)9 (link). The passive ROM of shoulder internal rotation at 90° of abduction and horizontal adduction were determined for the dominant and nondominant shoulders using an examination table, and a digital goniometer with a bubble level was used to measure shoulder ROM1 (link)2 (link)10 (link)11 (link). For the measurements, the pitchers were placed in a supine position with their humerus abducted to 90°. To measure 90° abducted shoulder internal rotation, the humerus was kept parallel to the floor using a small towel roll under the elbow. The examiner used his thenar eminence and thumb to apply a posterior force through the coracoid process to stabilize the scapula before the arm was rotated1 (link)2 (link)10 (link)12 (link), and the humerus was then passively rotated at the end of 90° abducted internal rotation with the force of gravity acting on the arm. To measure horizontal adduction, the pitcher was placed with their elbow flexed to 90° and the scapula was stabilized behind the chest wall. The humerus was then moved passively into horizontal adduction. Shoulder ROM measurements were obtained by the examiner while an assistant provided a stabilizing force to maintain the shoulder position13 (link). Elbow flexion and extension ROM were also passively measured while the participants lay in a supine position. ROM measurements were performed before muscle strength measurements because muscle tonus can vary with the effects of reciprocal inhibition due to muscle contraction.
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ARID1A protein, human
Coracoid Process
Examination Tables
Fingers
Gravity
Humerus
Joints, Elbow
Muscle Contraction
Muscle Strength
Muscle Tonus
Orthopedic Surgeons
Psychological Inhibition
Scapula
Shoulder
Thumb
Wall, Chest
Most recents protocols related to «Muscle Tonus»
To compute statistical power, values of NeuroFlexor NC previously recorded in chronic stroke patients (33 ) (n = 20, mean 11.24, SD (11.96)) and in healthy subjects (28 (link)) (n = 13, mean 0.0 (SD 2.0)) were used. A 1-sided power calculation indicated a sample size of n=14 to achieve power = 0.8, p < 0.05. Descriptive statistics are presented as mean (standard deviation; SD) for normally distributed continuous data and as median (interquartile range; IQR) for ordinal and not normally distributed data (detected with the Shapiro–Wilk test). Spearman’s rank correlation (rs) was conducted to measure the correlation between NeuroFlexor components and age and anthropometric measurements. Sex differences were evaluated with a Mann–Whitney U test. In addition, the Mann–Whitney U test was used to evaluate differences between NC quantified in stroke patients and in healthy subjects at different stretch velocities.
After natural log transformation (applied to correct skewed distribution), a repeated measures analysis of variance (rm-ANOVA) investigated the difference in NC quantified at 120, 180 and 240°/s in the stroke patients. A further rm-ANOVA was performed in the sub-group of healthy subjects. In addition, a non-parametric Friedman test was conducted to confirm the differences in stroke patients’ NC depending on stretch velocities. Spearman’s rank correlation (rs) was used to investigate relationships between EMG signal and NC, and between the clinically scored muscle tone according to MAS and NC and the NeuroFlexor total resistance force.
To assess reliability, a 2-way random effects model, single measure, absolute-agreement, was used to generate an intraclass correlation coefficient model 2.1 (ICC2,1) with 95% CI. To rate the ICC coefficients, Currier’s suggestion (34 ) was used: 0.90 – 0.99 = high reliability, 0.80 – 0.89 = good reliability, 0.70 – 0.79 = fair reliability, and ≤ 0.69 = poor reliability. In addition, a test-retest repeatability coefficient, as an expression of the smallest real difference between measurements, was calculated by multiplying the standard error of measurement (SEM) by 2.77 (i.e. 1.96 × √2) (35 (link)). SEM represents the within-subjects standard deviation and was calculated as SD × √(1–ICC). A paired t-test was used to assess any systematic bias between the 2 sessions.
In healthy subjects, cut-off values for the NeuroFlexor components were established by adding 3 SD to the mean (32 (link)), after elimination of outliers defined with the interquartile method. This conservative approach ensured that almost all healthy subjects fall within the cut-off score and, therefore, that a measured value above the limit could be considered pathological. In addition, limits of normality of stretch-induced EMG amplitude were established for gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, by adding 3 SD to the mean. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was then used to validate cut-off values for NC for both 30° and 40°, by comparing with pathological EMG amplitudes.
The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
After natural log transformation (applied to correct skewed distribution), a repeated measures analysis of variance (rm-ANOVA) investigated the difference in NC quantified at 120, 180 and 240°/s in the stroke patients. A further rm-ANOVA was performed in the sub-group of healthy subjects. In addition, a non-parametric Friedman test was conducted to confirm the differences in stroke patients’ NC depending on stretch velocities. Spearman’s rank correlation (rs) was used to investigate relationships between EMG signal and NC, and between the clinically scored muscle tone according to MAS and NC and the NeuroFlexor total resistance force.
To assess reliability, a 2-way random effects model, single measure, absolute-agreement, was used to generate an intraclass correlation coefficient model 2.1 (ICC2,1) with 95% CI. To rate the ICC coefficients, Currier’s suggestion (34 ) was used: 0.90 – 0.99 = high reliability, 0.80 – 0.89 = good reliability, 0.70 – 0.79 = fair reliability, and ≤ 0.69 = poor reliability. In addition, a test-retest repeatability coefficient, as an expression of the smallest real difference between measurements, was calculated by multiplying the standard error of measurement (SEM) by 2.77 (i.e. 1.96 × √2) (35 (link)). SEM represents the within-subjects standard deviation and was calculated as SD × √(1–ICC). A paired t-test was used to assess any systematic bias between the 2 sessions.
In healthy subjects, cut-off values for the NeuroFlexor components were established by adding 3 SD to the mean (32 (link)), after elimination of outliers defined with the interquartile method. This conservative approach ensured that almost all healthy subjects fall within the cut-off score and, therefore, that a measured value above the limit could be considered pathological. In addition, limits of normality of stretch-induced EMG amplitude were established for gastrocnemius and soleus muscles, by adding 3 SD to the mean. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curve analysis was then used to validate cut-off values for NC for both 30° and 40°, by comparing with pathological EMG amplitudes.
The level of statistical significance was set at p ≤ 0.05. All statistical analyses were performed using IBM SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 27.0 (IBM Corp., Armonk, NY, USA).
Cerebrovascular Accident
Healthy Volunteers
Muscle, Gastrocnemius
Muscle Tonus
Patients
Soleus Muscle
On the 3rd and 6th days after creating the rat model, 0.06 ml of 2 u/0.1 ml solution of BTX-A (Lanzhou Institute of Biological Products Co., Ltd., China) was injected into the middle of the muscle belly/CINDR/CHRMSA in MG and LG [refer to the instructions and the reference (16 (link)) for injection dosage], respectively, under B-mode ultrasound guidance (Wisonic Medical Technology Co., Ltd., China) according to the CT localization of CINDRs and CHRMSAs. The rats in each group were assigned MAS, and the BL420 biological signal acquisition device was used to measure the changes in muscle tone.
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Biological Products
Biopharmaceuticals
DWP450
Medical Devices
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tonus
Rattus norvegicus
Ultrasonics
The rats were anesthetized with intraperitoneal injections of 3% pentobarbital sodium (35 mg/kg). A longitudinal incision was made slightly lateral to the neck midline to separate the common carotid artery and the vagus nerve by using blunt dissection. Proximal end ligation of the common carotid artery and external carotid artery was performed, and the internal carotid artery was clipped using a microvascular clamp. After an incision was made at a distance of 5 mm from the common carotid artery bifurcation, the intraluminal thread (0.26 mm in diameter; Beijing Getimes Technology Co., Ltd., China) was advanced 18–20 mm into the internal carotid artery through the incision until mild resistance was felt. Subsequently, the arterial clamp was released, and the proximal end of the internal carotid artery was ligated together with the intraluminal thread. Finally, the wound was rinsed and sutured before intraperitoneal injections of penicillin were administered to prevent infections. On the 3rd day after creating the rat model, the rats' limb movements were observed, and the intracranial infarction were visualized using magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) (General Electric, US). The neurological impairment was assessed using Zea Longa scores. Modified Ashworth scale (MAS) outcomes were assessed before and after each intervention by a blinded rater who is the use of well-trained, experienced testers. The MAS was used to quantify the extent of spasticity and each test movement was performed for 1 second before determining spasticity. Data from model groups showed ankle MAS. For data analysis, the 0 value of the MAS was assigned as 1; 1 was assigned as 2; 1+ was assigned as 3 and so on (15 (link)). The BL-420 biological signal acquisition system (Chengdu Techman Software Co., Ltd., China) was used to detect the changes in muscle tone.
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Ankle
Arteries
Biopharmaceuticals
Common Carotid Artery
Dissection
Electricity
External Carotid Arteries
Feelings
Infarction
Infection
Injections, Intraperitoneal
Internal Carotid Arteries
Ligation
Movement
Muscle Spasticity
Muscle Tonus
Neck
Penicillins
Pentobarbital Sodium
Pneumogastric Nerve
Rattus norvegicus
Wounds
After MAS scoring and muscle tone measurement, the rats were anesthetized by spontaneous sevoflurane inhalation and sacrificed by decapitation. The gastrocnemius muscle was dissected and weighed. Subsequently, the upper, middle, and lower parts of the INDR were stained using HE. Case Viewer software was used to measure the cross-sectional area of 500 muscle fibers within 5 fields under a microscope (the upper, lower, left, right and middle parts of the tissue section).
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Decapitation
Inhalation
Microscopy
Muscle, Gastrocnemius
Muscle Tissue
Muscle Tonus
Rattus norvegicus
Sevoflurane
Tissues
All experimental data were entered into SPSS18.0 software package (IBM, US). The locations of the CINDRs and CHRMSAs were denoted in percentile measures ( )%. Intergroup comparisons were performed using one-way analysis of variance, paired samples t-test was performed to compare the muscle tone before and after the creation of the rat model, rank sum test was used to compare the MAS among the groups. P < 0.05 indicates a statistically significant difference.
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Muscle Tonus
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More about "Muscle Tonus"
Muscle tone, also known as muscle tonus, refers to the partial contraction or tension present in a muscle at rest.
This resting state helps maintain posture, joint stability, and overall muscle function, which is crucial for locomotion and physical movement.
Optimizing research on muscle tone can be challenging, but advanced tools like PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can assist researchers in locating the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies.
Muscle tone is influenced by various factors, including the nervous system, muscle fiber composition, and hormonal regulation.
Conditions such as spasticity, flaccid paralysis, and rigidity can affect muscle tone, leading to movement disorders or postural abnormalities.
Understanding the mechanisms and regulation of muscle tone is essential for developing effective therapies and rehabilitation strategies for neuromuscular disorders.
Researchers investigating muscle tone may utilize specialized equipment and software, such as RNAlater for tissue preservation, MATLAB for data analysis, MRE-037 for muscle elastography, VAB95BS for muscle activation monitoring, the 1300A Whole Animal System for in vivo assessments, the Model ENV-203-1000 for muscle force measurements, the Model PHM-108 for electromyography (EMG) recordings, PowerLab for data acquisition, and LabVIEW for custom software development.
These tools can help researchers accurately measure, analyze, and interpret muscle tone-related parameters, ultimately advancing our understanding of this crucial aspect of muscle function.
Regardless of the specific research focus, PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform can be an invaluable resource for researchers studying muscle tone.
By providing access to the latest literature, pre-prints, and patents, as well as advanced comparative analysis tools, PubCompare.ai can help streamline the research process and enhance the quality and impact of muscle tone-related studies.
Discover how PubCompare.ai can support your muscle tone research today and take your work to new heights.
This resting state helps maintain posture, joint stability, and overall muscle function, which is crucial for locomotion and physical movement.
Optimizing research on muscle tone can be challenging, but advanced tools like PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can assist researchers in locating the best protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, enhancing the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies.
Muscle tone is influenced by various factors, including the nervous system, muscle fiber composition, and hormonal regulation.
Conditions such as spasticity, flaccid paralysis, and rigidity can affect muscle tone, leading to movement disorders or postural abnormalities.
Understanding the mechanisms and regulation of muscle tone is essential for developing effective therapies and rehabilitation strategies for neuromuscular disorders.
Researchers investigating muscle tone may utilize specialized equipment and software, such as RNAlater for tissue preservation, MATLAB for data analysis, MRE-037 for muscle elastography, VAB95BS for muscle activation monitoring, the 1300A Whole Animal System for in vivo assessments, the Model ENV-203-1000 for muscle force measurements, the Model PHM-108 for electromyography (EMG) recordings, PowerLab for data acquisition, and LabVIEW for custom software development.
These tools can help researchers accurately measure, analyze, and interpret muscle tone-related parameters, ultimately advancing our understanding of this crucial aspect of muscle function.
Regardless of the specific research focus, PubCompare.ai's AI-powered platform can be an invaluable resource for researchers studying muscle tone.
By providing access to the latest literature, pre-prints, and patents, as well as advanced comparative analysis tools, PubCompare.ai can help streamline the research process and enhance the quality and impact of muscle tone-related studies.
Discover how PubCompare.ai can support your muscle tone research today and take your work to new heights.