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Osseointegration

Osseointegration is the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant.
This process is critical for the long-term stability and success of dental, orthopedic, and other medical implants.
Researchers can leverage AI-driven protocol comparisons using tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize osseointegration research, locate the best supporting protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and enhance reproducibllity and accuracy of their studies.
This AI-aided approach empowers researchers to explore new frontiers in osseointegration science and drive advancements in implant technology.

Most cited protocols related to «Osseointegration»

Preoperative frontal weight-bearing hip radiographs were retrieved to analyze the femoral morphology according to the Dorr classification,29 (link) as well as several anatomical parameters including the frontal canal bone ratio (CBR),30 (link) CFI,31 and CCR (Figure 2).32 Preoperative lateral weight-bearing hip radiographs were also used to measure the lateral CBR. The intramedullary canal width was measured at four levels relative to the lesser trochanter (LT): P1, 2 cm above the tip of the LT; P2, at the level of the tip of the LT; P3, 2 cm below the tip of the LT; and D1, 7 cm below the tip of the LT.19 (link)Immediate postoperative frontal weight-bearing hip radiographs were acquired to assess femoral component width at the four different levels (P1, P2, P3, and D1) and to calculate the CFR at each level, by dividing the width of the femoral component by the width of the intramedullary bone canal.
Postoperative frontal weight-bearing hip radiographs were assessed at a minimum follow-up of two years for 138 hips (128 patients), to evaluate the femoral component osseointegration using the Engh score (worst = −27.5, best = +22.0), which comprises fixation and stability categories.33 Adequate femoral component fixation is characterized by the absence of radiolucent lines around its intramedullary surface and the presence of spot welds, while adequate femoral component stability is defined by the absence of pedestals below the tip of the femoral component, calcar atrophy, radiolucent lines, femoral component migration < 5 mm, and particle shedding. The question in the Engh questionnaire regarding radiolucent lines in non-HA-coated zones was left blank (unanswered) as the femoral component studied is HA-coated over its entire intramedullary surface. The authors also evaluated postoperative femoral component alignment within the femoral canal, which was arbitrarily defined as neutral if within ± 5°.
All radiological analyses and interpretations were performed by a single junior surgeon (AD) using a digital DICOM viewer (Centricity; General Electric, Boston, Massachusetts, USA).
Publication 2020
Atrophy BAD protein, human Bones Coxa Electricity Femur Fingers Frontal Bone Lesser Trochanter Osseointegration Patients Pulp Canals Surgeons X-Rays, Diagnostic
Spherical pre-alloyed medical-grade Ti6Al4V powder (Grade 23, particle size 45-100 μm) was used for manufacturing the pTi alloy scaffolds by using additive manufacturing approach with an EBM system (Q10, Arcam, Sweden). In brief, the porous scaffolds were established on dodecahedron unit cells with the following design (nominal) dimensions: strut size = 300 mm, pore size = 800 μm, and porosity = 70%. Disk-shaped scaffolds (Ø10 mm × L3 mm) were used for microstructural and cellular biocompatibility and osteogenic assays in vitro (titanium plates without porosity were printed for the control group in vitro cell experiments), and the columnar-shaped scaffolds (Ø6 mm × L10 mm) were used for mechanical testing and in vivo osseointegration investigations. All samples were ultrasonically and sequentially cleaned in acetone, ethyl alcohol, and deionized water for ∼15 min for each treatment.
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Publication 2020
Acetone Alloys Biological Assay Cells Ethanol Osseointegration Osteogenesis Powder Titanium titanium alloy (TiAl6V4)
The abutment, implant, screw, cortical bone, and cancellous bone were treated as isotropic homogeneous linear elastic materials. Table 2 listed Young's modulus (E), Poisson's ratio (υ), and Tensile Strength (Ts) of the materials used in the numerical examples. Because the elements were quite small, the material properties were assumed to be constant within each element.
The bottom of the mandible was treated as fixed boundaries, and both side planes were frictionless, which was normal constraint (Figure 9). Two different contact models (“bonded” and “frictional”) are used to simulate different integration qualities at the implant and the supporting bone tissues during the osseointegration process. Using contact type of frictional to describe the integration quality among the abutment, implant, and screw interface and among implant, cortical bone, and cancellous bone interface (Table 3), the friction coefficient was 0.5 and 0.4, respectively [26 ]. Frictional contact implied that a gap between the implant and the peri-implant part might exist under an occlusal force. The rest of the contact surfaces were Bonded contact (Table 3). The “bonded” type simulated perfect osseointegration in which the implant and the surrounding parts were fully integrated so that neither sliding nor separation in the implant-bone interface was possible.
Based on oral physiology, four types of loading conditions (Figure 6) were simulated:

A vertical occlusal force of 100 N (θ = 0) applied on the crown top surface [4 (link)], a preload of 200 N applied to the screw [27 ].

A vertical occlusal force of 100 N (θ = 0) applied on the crown top surface [4 (link)], a torque of 0.2 N·m applied to the screw [27 ].

An inclined occlusal force of 100 N (θ = 15°) applied on the crown top surface [4 (link)], a preload of 200 N applied to the screw [27 ].

An inclined occlusal force of 100 N (θ = 15°) applied on the crown top surface [4 (link)], a torque of 0.2 N·m applied to the screw [27 ].

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Publication 2016
Bone-Implant Interface Bone Tissue Cancellous Bone Compact Bone Friction Mandible Osseointegration physiology Torque
Mice had their maxillary left first, second, and third molars extracted under
inhalation anesthesia with 3% isoflurane and allowed to heal for eight weeks.
Extractions were performed by tooth elevation with a #5 dental explorer (G.
Hartzell and Son, Concord, CA). Mice were given oral antibiotics diluted in the drinking
water for four weeks (sulfamethoxazole and trimethoprim, UPS; 850
μ g/170 μ g per mL).
Machined, smooth surface screw-shaped implants were fabricated from 6AL4V
titanium rods (D. P. Machining Inc., La Verne, CA). The threaded surface of the implants
was 1 mm long and 0.5 mm in diameter. Fixtures were placed eight weeks after teeth were
extracted (Fig. 1). Animals were anesthetized with
3% isoflurane and a mesio-distal incision was made in keratinized tissue using a
12D blade in the area corresponding to the previously present teeth using the right
maxillary molars as spatial reference. After elevation of buccal and palatal full
thickness flaps with a #5 dental explorer, osteotomy was performed with a 0.3 mm
diameter carbide micro hand drill (BIG Kaiser Precision Tooling Inc., Hoffman Estates, IL)
mounted on a manual handle that was activated by rotation. The osteotomy sites were
approximately 1 mm deep into the healed extraction sockets. Titanium implants (one per
animal) were self-tapped in the region of the first/second maxillary left molars using a
clock-wise screwing motion. Implants were allowed to heal for four weeks, during which
time mice were given antibiotics and fed as described above.
After four weeks, osseointegration was evaluated by applying bucco-lingual
wiggling forces to the fixtures with two dental explores on anesthetized animals and
observing implant movement under 10× magnification. Once implants were clinically
determined to be osseointegrated, 6-0 silk ligatures (P.B.N. Medicals, Stenløse,
Demark) were tied around each fixture immediately apical to the implant head in animals in
the experimental group. Implants in the control group did not receive ligatures. Control
and peri-implantitis animals were randomly selected by the toss of a coin. Twelve weeks
after ligature placement, maxillae were harvested using a digital optical microscope
(Keyence® VHX-1000, Osaka, Japan), fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 48h,
and stored in 70% ethanol.
Publication 2014
Animals Antibiotics, Antitubercular Dental Anesthesia Dental Health Services Drill Ethanol Fingers Gomphosis Head Isoflurane Ligature Light Microscopy Maxilla Mice, House Molar Movement Osseointegration Osteotomy paraform Peri-Implantitis Rod Photoreceptors Silk Sulfamethoxazole Surgical Flaps Third Molars Tissues Titanium Tooth Trimethoprim Wound Healing
Specimens from previous studies in which Ti rods (1.5 mm diameter, 15 mm length, Goodfellow, Coraopolis, PA) had been implanted in a rat model for between 2 and 8 weeks were used23 (link); 24 (link). Specifically, we embedded the whole femur containing the implant in polymethylmethacrylate and then prepared a 1 mm thick slab from each sample by cutting perpendicular to the long axis of the bone and implant (Buehler Isomet 5000, Lake Bluff, IL). The slabs were assigned to either a training set or a validation set, each with 9 specimens.
BIC was calculated from the μCT data in two different ways: a line-intersect method (BICμCT-LI) and the manufacturer’s osseointegration/total volume (OV/TV) method (BICμCT-OV/TV). Briefly, for BICμCT-LI, a test pattern with 48 evenly spaced lines radiating outward from the center of the implant through 360° was used and each intersection of test line with the surface of the implant was scored as positive or negative for bone (Fig. 1B)13 (link). BICμCT-LI is the ratio of intersections between the overlaid grid and the bone-implant interface which score positive for bone and the total number of intersections and reported as a value between 0.0 and 1.0. BICμCT-LI was determined using 3 μCT slices which were separated by 12μm. BICμCT-OV/TV was measured using a stack of 200 slices.
The BICμCT-OV/TV method requires choosing thresholds for segmenting the implant and bone. The choice of threshold for segmenting the implant was determined by comparing the Ti area estimated by the program with the known area of the implant cross-section. The threshold of 180 was chosen to find the best match in bone architecture between the segmented (binary) and greyscale images (Supplementary Figure 1A), which corresponded to a local minima in the attenuation histogram (Supplementary Figure 1B).
The training set samples were imaged using 90kVp, 88μA, 1.5μm isotropic voxel size, 1600 projections/180°, based on the initial tests of the Ti rod in water. We tested three scan durations: 3 hour (integration time = 600, frame averaging = 3), 2 hour (integration time = 600, frame averaging = 2) and 1 hour (68 minutes, integration time = 750, frame averaging = 1). The optimum scan duration was defined using the training set by examining the strength of correlation of BIC as determined by μCT and bSEM. Then, the validation set samples were scanned and evaluated per these parameters and correlated with the corresponding BIC values obtained with bSEM.
The slabs were prepared for bSEM by grinding to approximately 0.5mm thickness (Phoenix 4000, Buehler, IL, USA) and polished using a soft trident polishing cloth (Buehler, IL, USA) with 3μm diamond suspension irrigation fluid (Metadi fluid, Buehler, IL, USA) and no carbon coating. The bSEM images (Hitachi S-3000N) were collected at 20kV, 10Pa, Variable Pressure. The bSEM image location corresponded to the middle μCT slice used in both μCT-based BIC determinations. BIC was assessed via the line-intersect method.
Publication 2017
Bone-Implant Interface Bones Carbon Diamond Epistropheus Femur FOXM1 protein, human Intersectional Framework Osseointegration Polymethyl Methacrylate Pressure Reading Frames

Most recents protocols related to «Osseointegration»

Dynamic samples were placed within a perfusion bioreactor (Figure 2B, Electroforce Biodynamic 5100, TA Instruments, Waters, UK). Chambers were filled with 150 mL of culture medium and connected to a reservoir filled with a further 100 mL of culture medium via platinum-cured silicone tubing and a peristaltic pump (Masterflex, Cole-Parmer, UK). Fluid flow was induced by circulating the media at a continuous rate of 8 mL/min.
Cyclic compressive loading was applied to the exposed top of the implant to model in vivo loading of press-fit pegs during daily activity, e.g., for femoral (Berahmani et al., 2015 (link)) or glenoid (Geraldes et al., 2017 (link)) arthroplasty components. The resulting axial displacement of the tapered peg into the straight sided drilled hole generates both tensile hoop stress and compressive radial stress in the bone. The loading was applied by the actuator via the biodynamic compression platens: implants were preloaded to 5 N, and then 30 μm cyclic compressive displacement (sinusoidal wave) at 1 Hz was applied for 300 cycles/day. The magnitude of the displacement was based on the level of interfacial micromotion consistently associated with osseointegration in vivo (Kohli et al., 2021 (link)). The resulting force was measured with the machine’s load cell and recorded. Fluorochrome labels were added on day 7 and 14 as per the static culture.
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Publication 2023
Arthroplasty Bioreactors Cells Culture Media Femur Fluorescent Dyes Osseointegration Perfusion Peristalsis Platinum Radius Silicones Sinusoidal Beds
The study sample was divided into three groups according to the origin of the bone substitute used: group 1 (autogenous bone), group 2 (xenogenous bone), and group 3 (alloplastic bone). Within the same sample, perforated sinuses were recorded separately to observe if there was a relationship with loss of graft and implants and the influence of the residual bone height.
Grafts were considered successful when they enabled the installation of the implants; implants were considered successful when they did not present pain, mobility, or suppuration during the follow-up period [33 (link), 34 (link)] and allowed prosthetic rehabilitation and masticatory function. Conversely, grafts were considered unsuccessful when there was infection or reabsorption of the grafted material in the maxillary sinus, and implants were considered unsuccessful if there was infection and lack of osseointegration [33 (link), 34 (link)].
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Publication 2023
Bones Bone Substitutes Bone Transplantation Fistula Infection Maxillary Sinus Osseointegration Pain Range of Motion, Articular Rehabilitation Suppuration
Evaluation of osseointegration at tendon-bone interface by histological staining. Femur and tibia specimens (n = 5 in each group) were immersed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 24 hours at 6 and 12 weeks after operation. The specimens were then decalcified in 10% ethylenediamine tetraacetic acid (EDTA) until they were easily cut with a blade. The specimens were embedded in paraffin and sliced horizontally perpendicular to the tunnel axis at the bone-tendon interface. After hydration with ethanol and fixation with Bouin solution, the specimens were stained with Russell-Movat. Then the osseointegration of the graft interface was observed under microscope.
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Publication 2023
Bones Bouin's solution Edetic Acid Epistropheus Ethanol Femur Grafts Microscopy Osseointegration Paraffin Embedding paraform Tendons Tibia
The number of Ki67-positive cells at the bone-implant interface of each specimen (283 × 355 μm2 grid was selected) was counted by the counter tool in Photoshop 2021 (Adobe Inc., San Jose, CA, USA). Data were obtained from 21 maxillae from the HA and Sm groups (Table 1) for the cell proliferation assay using the immunoreactivity of Ki67. The rate of OPN-positive perimeter around the implant or the direct and indirect osteogenesis was statistically analyzed in the OPN immunostained or H&E-stained sections using the two-tailed Student’s t-test in the same manner as our previous study [6 (link)]. The percentage of osseointegration and OPN-positive perimeters in the total perimeter of the bone-implant interface was calculated using software (Image J 1.45s; National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). The direct and indirect osteogeneses were determined in the histological sections: the direct osteogenesis showed the direct bone deposition on the implant surface, whereas the soft tissue intervened at the bone-implant surface in the indirect osteogenesis. Furthermore, the number of Ki67-positive cells among the different stages after implantation was compared using one-way ANOVA followed by the Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons and the rate of osseointegration, OPN-positive perimeter, and the number of Ki67-positive cells between the different groups were compared using the two-tailed Student’s t-test with statistical software after the confirmation of data normality and homogeneity of variance (SPSS 16.0J for Windows; SPSS Japan, Tokyo, Japan). The threshold for significance was defined as α = 0.05. The samples that did not demonstrate a normal distribution were compared with the Kruskal–Wallis test followed by the Bonferroni test for multiple comparisons for more than three groups or the Mann–Whitney U test for two groups. Data were reported as mean + SD, P denoted the p-value.
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Publication 2023
Biological Assay Bone-Implant Interface Bones Cell Proliferation Maxilla neuro-oncological ventral antigen 2, human Osseointegration Osteogenesis Ovum Implantation Perimetry Student Tissues
Patients between 18 and 70 years with no systemic disease requesting the replacement of single missing teeth were acquired for this study. The main inclusion criteria were that the subjects were between 18 and 70 years old, had to be in need of one implant for single-tooth replacement, and were systemically healthy. In addition, sufficient bone volume had to be present in the prospective implant regions. The participants had to have a stable occlusal relationship and no parafunctional habits. The implant sites had to be free of infection and tooth remnants. Main exclusion criteria were alcohol or drug abuse or general health conditions that did not allow a surgical procedure (e.g., bone metabolism disorder). Local contraindications were, for example, tumours and ulcers. Written informed consent was obtained from all subjects. The study protocol was approved by the local ethics committee (investigation number: 337/04; University Clinics Freiburg, Freiburg, Germany). Prior to surgery, prospective implant sites were evaluated with cone beam computed tomography (Newtom 3G; Newtom, Marburg, Germany). Conical, one-piece implants made of yttria-stabilised tetragonal zirconia polycrystal (y-TZP) with a moderately rough surface were used (Nobel Biocare AB, Gothenburg, Sweden). The implant was never commercially released due to failure to meet the launch criteria, as validated by our study. The design of the ceramic implant was similar to the one-piece NobelDirect™ titanium implant (Nobel Biocare). To improve osseointegration, Nobel Biocare introduced a technology leading to a porous surface at the surface of zirconia implants. The porous surface was deposited on already-sintered implants, by coating the endosseous part with a slurry containing zirconia powder and a pore former (patent application SE03022539-2). A second sintering of the implants yielded to the burn-off of the pore former and to a porous surface, with a thickness of 15 µm and a Sa-value of 1.24 µm [22 (link),23 ]. This rough and micro-porous surface was referred to as “ZiUnite®”.
From one day before until 3 days after implant placement, patients were provided with Clindamycin 300 mg three times a day. Pain control was administered with Ibuprofen (400 mg). Patients were instructed to take a single dose 1 h prior to surgery and use analgesics postoperatively as necessary. Implants were either placed immediately after tooth extraction or in healed sites. In healed sites, either a flapless procedure with a punch was performed or a full thickness flap was elevated. Subsequently, osteotomies were drilled following the manufacturers protocol and the implants were placed. Finally, implant abutments were slightly prepared for the immediate restoration with relined eggshell temporaries. To avoid excessive forces during the healing period, centric and eccentric contacts were removed from the temporary. Customised intraoral X-ray film holders were used to take standardised radiographs. After the surgical intervention, the patients were instructed to rinse with a 0.2% chlorhexidine solution and not to brush the surgical site for 1 week. After one week, wounds were inspected and sutures were removed. After a healing period of 2 months in the mandibles and 4 months in the maxillae, the implants were definitively restored with all-ceramic single crowns. Conventional impressions were taken, and all-ceramic crowns consisting of a zirconia framework (Procera) and a glass-ceramic veneering (NobelRondo, both Nobel Biocare) were produced and finally cemented with a glass-ionomer cement (Ketac Cem, 3M Espe, Neuss, Germany).
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Publication 2023
Analgesics Bones Chlorhexidine Clindamycin Cone-Beam Computed Tomography Crowns Drug Abuse Egg Shell Ethanol Glass ceramics Glass Ionomer Cements Ibuprofen Infection Ketac-cem Management, Pain Mandible Maxilla Metabolic Bone Disease Neoplasms Operative Surgical Procedures Osseointegration Osteotomy Patients Powder Procera Radiography Regional Ethics Committees Surgical Flaps Sutures Titanium Tooth Tooth Extraction Tooth Loss Tooth Reimplantation Ulcer Wounds X-Ray Film yttria zirconium oxide

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More about "Osseointegration"

Osseointegration, the direct structural and functional connection between living bone and the surface of a load-bearing artificial implant, is a critical process for the long-term success of dental, orthopedic, and other medical implants.
Researchers can leverage AI-driven protocol comparisons using tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their osseointegration research, locate the best supporting protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents, and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their studies.
This AI-aided approach empowers researchers to explore new frontiers in osseointegration science and drive advancements in implant technology.
Synonymous terms include bone-implant integration, bone-to-implant contact, and direct bone-to-implant attachment.
Related concepts involve biocompatibility, osteoblast activity, and surface topography.
Researchers may utilize various tools and techniques to study osseointegration, such as Prism 6 for data analysis, Bio-Oss and Bio-Gide for bone grafting and guided tissue regeneration, fluorescence and laser scanning microscopes for imaging, Sprague-Dawley rats as animal models, Inveon Research Workplace 2.2 for micro-CT analysis, VivaCT 40 for high-resolution in vivo imaging, and hard tissue slicers for sample preparation.
By leveraging the power of AI-driven protocol comparisons and accessing the wealth of information in literature, pre-prints, and patents, researchers can optimize their osseointegration studies, enhance reproducibility, and accelerate the development of improved implant technologies that better integrate with the human body.