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Respiratory Mechanics

Respiratory Mechanics refers to the biomechanical properties and functions of the respiratory system, including the lungs, chest wall, and diaphragm.
This encompasses the mechanics of breathing, such as airflow, lung volumes, and respiratory muscle activity.
Understanding respiratory mechanics is crucial for diagnosing and managing respiratory disorders, as well as optimizing respiratory support therapies.
Researchers can utilize cutting-edge tools like PubCompare.ai to streamline their respiratory mechanics research, locate the best protocols, and improve experimental reproducibility and effiicacy.

Most cited protocols related to «Respiratory Mechanics»

1
Murine Model of Acute Lung Injury
Cited 10 times
All protocols were approved by the Ethical Review Board of Imperial College London, and carried out under the authority of the UK Home Office in accordance with the Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986, UK. We used male C57BL6 mice (Charles River, Margate, UK) aged 10–12 weeks and weighing 25-30g. In total 68 animals were used – 23 for measurements of respiratory mechanics and alveolar inflammation, 25 for assessing alveolar fluid clearance, and 20 for lung wet/dry weight and histology scoring.
Mice were anaesthetised by intraperitoneal injection of xylazine (6mg/kg) and ketamine (60mg/kg), and given an intraperitoneal fluid bolus of 10μl/g 0.9% normal saline as preemptive fluid resuscitation. Mice were suspended vertically from their incisors on a custom-made mount for orotracheal instillation, as described previously (10 (link)) (additional details are provided in the online supplement). A fine catheter was guided 1cm below the vocal cords, and 75μl of an isoosmolar (to mouse plasma - 322mosmol/L) solution of 0.1M hydrochloric acid (pH 1.0) was instilled. For the next 4 hours, during which animals exhibited significant respiratory depression/distress as an acute result of acid aspiration-induced ALI, mice were kept in a custom-made transparent recovery box under humidified supplemental oxygen (FiO2 reduced gradually from 1.0 to 0.21). During this period animals were carefully monitored and body temperature was maintained using external heat sources, after which they were transferred to individually ventilated cages with air and free access to food and water.
Patel B.V., Wilson M.R, & Takata M. (2011). Resolution of acute lung injury and inflammation – a translational mouse model. The European respiratory journal, 39(5), 1162-1170.
Publication 2011
Acids Animals Body Temperature Catheters Ethical Review Food Hydrochloric acid Incisor Inflammation Injections, Intraperitoneal Ketamine Males Mice, House Normal Saline Oxygen Plasma Respiratory Depression Respiratory Distress Syndrome, Adult Respiratory Mechanics Resuscitation Rivers Vocal Cords Xylazine
2
Airway Responsiveness Evaluation in Mice
Cited 10 times
Following DI and baseline measurements, saline solution was delivered to the mouse as an aerosol using a 4s nebulization period synchronized with inspiration at a nebulization rate of 50%. FOT measurements were then used to monitor the time-course of the ensuing response, as described above. Immediately upon observing a peak in Rrs reported by the software, a single NPFE manoeuvre was applied, as previously described, using a negative pressure of -55 cmH2O. Measurements of FOT parameters resumed immediately following the NPFE manoeuvre for a period of one minute. To ensure a return to baseline, the mouse underwent repeated DIs followed by default ventilation and respiratory mechanics measurements prior to the administration of an initial MCh-induced bronchoprovocation (31.25 mg/ml acetyl-β-methylcholine; Sigma-Aldrich, USA). In this manner, doubling concentrations of MCh were administered up to 250 mg/ml and a NPFE manoeuvre was performed at the peak response to a given concentration (Figure 2).
Shalaby K.H., Gold L.G., Schuessler T.F., Martin J.G, & Robichaud A. (2010). Combined forced oscillation and forced expiration measurements in mice for the assessment of airway hyperresponsiveness. Respiratory Research, 11(1), 82.
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Publication 2010
Inhalation methylcholine Mus Pressure Respiratory Mechanics Saline Solution
3
Lung Function Measurements in Mice
Cited 8 times
Lung function (eight per group) was measured using a modification of the low‐frequency forced oscillation technique (LFOT) and a small‐animal ventilator (flexiVent; Scireq, Montreal, QC, Canada) as described previously.24, 25 Following induction of surgical anaesthesia by an i.p. injection of ketamine and xylazine (0·4 and 0·02 mg/g body weight respectively; Troy Laboratories, Glendenning, NSW, Australia), a polyethylene cannula (length = 1·0 cm, internal diameter (ID) = 0·086 cm for adults and 0·080 cm for weanlings) was inserted into the trachea and secured with silk ligature. Mice were then connected to the ventilator, ventilated at 450 breaths/minute with a tidal volume of 8 ml/kg and positive end expiratory pressure of 2 cmH2O and allowed to stabilise for 5 minutes prior to standardisation of lung volume history via three slow deep inflations to Prs = 20 cmH2O. This was sufficient to suppress spontaneous breathing during measurements without the need for paralysis.
Respiratory impedance (Zrs) was measured26 and the Constant Phase Model24 used to partition Zrs into airway and parenchymal components; allowing calculation of Newtonian resistance (Rn), inertance (Iaw), tissue damping (G) and elastance (H). In mice, Rn is equivalent to airway resistance (Raw) because of the high compliance of the chest wall. Tissue hysteresivity (η) was calculated as G/H.27 The calibration procedure in the flexiVent software was used to correct for the resistance of the tracheal cannula. Iaw values were negligible and are not reported.
Once stabilised on the ventilator, LFOT measurements were taken once a minute for five minutes to establish baseline respiratory mechanics, followed by a 90‐second saline aerosol and increasing doses of methacholine (MCh) delivered by an ultrasonic nebuliser (DeVilbiss UltraNeb, Somerset, PA, USA). After each challenge, LFOT measurements were again taken once a minute for 5 minutes with the peak response used for analyses. Differences in responsiveness were assessed as the maximum responses to either a 10‐mg/ml (for weanlings) or 30‐mg/ml (for adults) MCh challenge.
Larcombe A.N., Foong R.E., Bozanich E.M., Berry L.J., Garratt L.W., Gualano R.C., Jones J.E., Dousha L.F., Zosky G.R, & Sly P.D. (2011). Sexual dimorphism in lung function responses to acute influenza A infection. Influenza and Other Respiratory Viruses, 5(5), 334-342.
Publication 2011
Adult Anesthesia Animals Body Weight Cannula Ketamine Ligature Lung Volumes Mus Nebulizers Operative Surgical Procedures Polyethylene Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Respiratory Mechanics Respiratory Physiology Respiratory Rate Saline Solution Silk Tidal Volume Tissues Trachea Ultrasonics Wall, Chest Xylazine
4
Measuring Lung Mechanics in Mice
Cited 4 times
Following experimental exposures, pulmonary function was assessed by mechanical ventilation of anesthetized (90mg/kg pentobarbital-NA, IP) and tracheotomized mice using a computer-controlled small-animal mechanical ventilator (FlexiVent; SCIREQ) as previously described (17 (link)). Mice were mechanically ventilated at 200 breaths/min with a tidal volume of 0.25 mL and a positive end expiratory pressure of 3 cmH2O (mimicking spontaneous ventilation). The quasi-static mechanical properties of the lung were measured using pressure-volume curves, which involve inflating the lungs in a series of 1-second steps from atmospheric pressure up to the total lung capacity (approximately 30 cmH2O pressure). Respiratory mechanics measurements were made prior to and following administration of the drug methacholine (dose range: 0 to 50 mg/mL), which causes the smooth muscle surrounding the airways to constrict. Multiple linear regression was used to fit measured pressure and volume in each individual mouse to the linear model of the lung (18 (link), 19 (link)). Model fits that resulted in a coefficient of determination less than 0.8 were excluded.
Manni M.L., Mandalapu S., McHugh K.J., Elloso M.M., Dudas P.L, & Alcorn J.F. (2016). Molecular mechanisms of airway hyperresponsiveness in a murine model of steroid-resistant airway inflammation. Journal of immunology (Baltimore, Md. : 1950), 196(3), 963-977.
Publication 2015
Animals Lung Mechanical Ventilation Mechanical Ventilator Methacholine Mus Pentobarbital Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Pressure Respiratory Mechanics Seizures Smooth Muscles Tidal Volume
5
Respiratory Mechanics and Lung Volume Assessment
Cited 4 times

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Publication 2010
Birth Body Temperature CART protein, human Dental Occlusion Diagnosis Epistropheus Face Head Infant Inhalation Lung Lung Volumes Mechanical Ventilation Nitrogen Oxygen Patient Discharge Patients Pressure Radiography Reflex Respiratory Mechanics Respiratory Rate Respiratory System Surfactants

Most recents protocols related to «Respiratory Mechanics»

1
Prone Positioning in COVID-19 ARDS
The following data were collected: demographic information, comorbidities, complications, D-dimer level, Simplified Acute Physiology Score (SAPS III), Sequential Organ Failure Assessment (SOFA) score, PaO2/FiO2 ratio, Body Mass Index (BMI), comorbidities, and use of anticoagulants and vasopressors. SAPS III and SOFA scores considered for analysis were calculated at the Intensive Care Unit (ICU) admission. D-dimer levels were evaluated using the HemosIL HS-500 automated immunoassay (HemosIL® D-dimer HS 500, Instrumentation Laboratory, 80003610270, Instrumental Laboratory Company, Bedford, MA, USA).
Comorbidities were assessed, including immunosuppression, arterial hypertension, diabetes, obesity, smoking, alcohol consumption, and neurological, hematological, respiratory, and cardiovascular diseases. Furthermore, immunosuppression was defined as a history of organ transplantation, chronic kidney disease, HIV infection, AIDS, and cancer treatment.
Clinical data included arterial blood gas analysis before and after the first prone session. In addition, the time until the first prone positioning, duration of the first prone session (in hours), number of prone sessions, and complications related to prone positioning were also collected. The time between the first intubation and the prone session was considered the first prone position. Unfortunately, due to hospital bed overload, it was impossible to collect data for blood gas analysis from the health staff on time. Therefore, the data considered for the analysis were obtained closest to the beginning and end of the first prone session.
Ventilator settings and respiratory mechanics calculations, such as Driving Pressure (DP), Plateau Pressure (Pplat), and respiratory system static Compliance (Cst), were collected before and after the first prone session. The total duration of the first prone session and a number of prone cycles were recorded. Furthermore, adverse effects, such as decreased oxygenation level, accidental extubation, central venous or arterial line removal, hemodynamic instability, acute arrhythmia, cardiopulmonary arrest, and vomiting, were recorded. Patient outcomes, including duration of invasive mechanical ventilation, length of hospital and ICU stay, reintubation, and survival, were also recorded.
Cunha M.C., Schardong J., Righi N.C., Lunardi A.C., Sant'Anna G.N., Isensee L.P., Xavier R.F., Pompeu J.E., Weigert R.M., Matte D.L., Cardoso R.A., Abras A.C., Silva A.M., Dorneles C.C., Werle R.W., Starke A.C., Ferreira J.C., Plentz R.D, & Carvalho C.R. (2023). Aging-related predictive factors for oxygenation improvement and mortality in COVID-19 and acute respiratory distress syndrome (ARDS) patients exposed to prone position: A multicenter cohort study. Clinics, 78, 100180.
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Publication 2023
Accidents Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome Anticoagulants Arterial Lines Arteries BLOOD Blood Gas Analysis Cardiac Arrhythmia Cardiopulmonary Arrest Cardiovascular Diseases Chronic Kidney Diseases Diabetes Mellitus fibrin fragment D Hemodynamics High Blood Pressures HIV Infections Immunoassay Immunosuppression Index, Body Mass Intubation Malignant Neoplasms Mechanical Ventilation Obesity Organ Transplantation Patients Pressure Respiratory Depression Respiratory Mechanics Respiratory Rate Respiratory System Tracheal Extubation Vasoconstrictor Agents Veins
2
Measuring Airway Hyperresponsiveness in Mice
AHR was measured by the Flexivent instrument (Scireq Inc., Montreal, Quebec, Canada) 24 hours after the final drug delivery was accomplished. Briefly, mice were anesthetized with pentobarbital (10 mg/kg, i.p.). A longitudinal midline incision was made to the neck to expose the trachea, and the trachea was cannulated and connected to the Flexivent system to ventilate at 160 breaths/min, 200 μl tidal. After the baseline of respiratory mechanics was recorded, mice were challenged with increasing doses of aerosolized methacholine (6, 12, 24, and 48 μg/g). Total respiratory resistance (Rrs) was recorded to assess the airway hyperresponsiveness.
Zhou Y., Du X., Wang Q., Xiao S., Zhi J., Gao H, & Yang D. (2023). Dexmedetomidine Protects against Airway Inflammation and Airway Remodeling in a Murine Model of Chronic Asthma through TLR4/NF-κB Signaling Pathway. Mediators of Inflammation, 2023, 3695469.
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Publication 2023
Drug Delivery Systems Methacholine Mice, House Neck Pentobarbital Respiratory Hypersensitivity Respiratory Mechanics Respiratory Rate Trachea
3
Mask-Ventilation Techniques in Neonatal Resuscitation
The study was conducted from June 2015 to February 2016. The pilot study was prospectively registered with Australia New Zealand Trial Registry (ACTRN12614000245695) on 7 March 2014. Eligible infants were randomised to either a one-person mask-hold method (the current standard technique)—in which the resuscitator holds the mask in place with one hand using a two-point top hold and the other hand provides PPV—or the two-person method in which one person holds the mask on the upper rim at four points, applying downward force with a jaw-thrust chin lift, and the other person provides the PPV. If needed clinically, PPV was supplied using a T-piece resuscitator (Neopuff, Fisher & Paykel Healthcare, Auckland, New Zealand), with start settings of: 25 cm H2O for peak inflation pressure, 5 cm H2O for positive end expiratory pressure; and fresh blended gas flow of 10 L/min at 30% FiO2 to Neopuff. A respiratory function monitor (RFM) (Respironics NM3, Philips Healthcare, Best, The Netherlands) was used in line with the mask to measure respiratory mechanics. This includes an end-tidal carbon dioxide (EtCO2) monitor with an accuracy of 2 mm Hg at 0–40 mm Hg. Airway obstruction was defined as a 75% reduction in expired tidal volume compared with the baseline of 10 inflations prior to the obstructed inflation (figure 1A). Percentage mask leak was defined as: (tidal volume inspired (VTi)−tidal volume expired (VTe)/VTi×100); and a mask leak of >75% was considered significant (figure 1B).16 (link) The operators were blinded to the RFM.
Shah D., Tracy M.B., Hinder M.K, & Badawi N. (2023). One-person versus two-person mask ventilation in preterm infants at birth: a pilot randomised controlled trial. BMJ Paediatrics Open, 7(1), e001768.
Publication 2023
Airway Obstruction Carbon dioxide Chin Infant Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Pressure Respiration Respiratory Mechanics Tidal Volume
4
Respiratory Mechanics During Laparoscopic Surgery
The abdomen of patients undergoing laparoscopic surgery is insufflated with Carbon Dioxide (CO 2 ) to create a sufficient working space for the surgeon. Consequently, the intra-abdominal pressure increases and thus forms a counter-pressure against the ventilator driving pressure. Compensating the effect of the increased IAP contradicts the target of the anaesthesiologist to ventilate the patient at low pressures. Hence, analysing the real-time relationship between the IAP and corresponding changes to respiratory mechanics represents an important aspect to enhance patient safety inside the OR. In this context, data of included subjects were processed and analysed with the focus on studying the correlation between the IAP and lung mechanics (dynamic lung compliance (Cdyn) , peak airway pressure (PIP), and tidal volume (VT)) .
Jalal N.A., Abdulbaki Alshirbaji T., Laufer B., Docherty P.D., Neumuth T, & Moeller K. (2023). Analysing multi-perspective patient-related data during laparoscopic gynaecology procedures. Scientific Reports, 13, 1604.
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Publication 2023
Abdominal Cavity Anesthesiologist Carbon dioxide Lung Lung Compliance Mechanics Patients Patient Safety Pressure Respiratory Mechanics Surgeons Surgical Procedures, Laparoscopic Tidal Volume
5
Intra-Abdominal Pressure Correlation with Respiratory Mechanics
Signal filtering: Intra-abdominal pressure signals were acquired at 25 Hz. These signals were filtered using a low-pass Finite Impulse Response (FIR) filter prior to analysing the correlation with the respiratory mechanics values, which was the same as implemented in previous studies34 ,35 (link). The FIR filter had a passband frequency of 40 mHz with attenuation of 0.5 dB. The stopband frequency of 40 mHz with attenuation of 50 dB was chosen. The FIR filter introduced a delay, that is constant at all frequencies, to the filtered IAP signal. This delay was calculated and compensated by shifting the filtered IAP in time to ensure alignment with other signals.
Determination of respiration parameters: The PIP, VT , and PEEP were extracted from the respiration waves. The inspiration and expiration phases of every breath cycle were determined from the respiratory flow signal. The PEEP for every cycle was specified. The PIP and VT were also detected from the airway pressure and respiratory volume curves. The dynamic lung compliance was then calculated using Cdyn=VTPIP-PEEP where Cdyn is the dynamic lung compliance, VT is the tidal volume, PIP is the peak airway pressure, and PEEP is the positive end expiration pressure.
The pre-set values of inspiration pressure ( Pins,max ), target tidal volume (VT,target) , respiration rate (RR), inspiration/expiration ratio (I:E ratio), and PEEP were required for the statistical analysis. However, Ventilation settings were acquired every 60 s, compared to 20 ms sampling rate of the respiratory waves. Therefore, these pre-set values were interpolated to sampling frequency equivalent to the actual respiration rate.
Jalal N.A., Abdulbaki Alshirbaji T., Laufer B., Docherty P.D., Neumuth T, & Moeller K. (2023). Analysing multi-perspective patient-related data during laparoscopic gynaecology procedures. Scientific Reports, 13, 1604.
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Publication 2023
Abdominal Cavity Inhalation Lung Compliance Lung Volume Measurements Positive End-Expiratory Pressure Pressure Respiratory Mechanics Respiratory Rate Strains Tidal Volume

Top products related to «Respiratory Mechanics»

1
Flexivent by SCIREQ
Sourced in Canada
The FlexiVent is a precision lung function testing system developed by SCIREQ. It is designed to measure respiratory mechanics in small laboratory animals, providing researchers with detailed information about lung function. The FlexiVent utilizes forced oscillation techniques to assess parameters such as airway resistance, tissue elastance, and lung volumes. This advanced equipment allows for accurate and reproducible measurements, enabling researchers to gain valuable insights into respiratory physiology and disease models.
2
Flexivent system by SCIREQ
Sourced in Canada, Macao, United States
The FlexiVent system is a precision lung function measurement device. It is designed to assess the mechanical properties of the respiratory system in small laboratory animals. The FlexiVent system uses the forced oscillation technique to provide detailed measurements of lung function parameters.
3
Flexivent computer controlled piston ventilator by SCIREQ
Sourced in Canada
The FlexiVent is a computer-controlled piston ventilator designed for laboratory use. It is capable of precisely controlling and measuring respiratory parameters in small animal models.
4
Flexivent software by SCIREQ
Sourced in Canada
The FlexiVent software is a comprehensive data acquisition and analysis tool designed for the FlexiVent system, a state-of-the-art small animal ventilator. The software enables the precise control and measurement of respiratory mechanics in laboratory animals, providing researchers with detailed data on lung function.
5
Sigmaplot 11 by Grafiti LLC
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Uruguay
SigmaPlot 11.0 is a data analysis and graphing software. It is used for creating high-quality scientific and technical graphs and plots from data.
6
Rstudio by R Project for Statistical Computing
Sourced in Austria, United States
RStudio is an integrated development environment (IDE) for the R programming language. It provides a user-friendly interface for writing, running, and debugging R code. RStudio's core function is to facilitate the development and execution of R scripts, allowing users to interact with the R programming language and its vast ecosystem of packages and libraries.
7
Flexivent fx by SCIREQ
Sourced in Canada
The FlexiVent FX is a laboratory instrument designed for the assessment of lung function in small animals. It provides precise measurements of respiratory mechanics, enabling researchers to conduct detailed analyses of pulmonary physiology.
8
Flexivent device by SCIREQ
Sourced in Canada
The FlexiVent device is a pulmonary function measurement system designed to assess respiratory mechanics in small laboratory animals. It provides precise measurements of lung volumes, airway resistance, and other respiratory parameters.
9
Hemodynamic profile carescape b650 by GE Healthcare
Sourced in Finland
The Hemodynamic Profile CARESCAPE B650 is a lab equipment product from GE Healthcare. It provides real-time patient monitoring and data analysis for assessing hemodynamic status.
10
Prism 8 by GraphPad
Sourced in United States, Austria, Canada, Belgium, United Kingdom, Germany, China, Japan, Poland, Israel, Switzerland, New Zealand, Australia, Spain, Sweden
Prism 8 is a data analysis and graphing software developed by GraphPad. It is designed for researchers to visualize, analyze, and present scientific data.

More about "Respiratory Mechanics"

Respiratory mechanics is a crucial field of study that encompasses the biomechanical properties and functions of the respiratory system, including the lungs, chest wall, and diaphragm.
This field covers the mechanics of breathing, such as airflow, lung volumes, and respiratory muscle activity.
Understanding respiratory mechanics is essential for diagnosing and managing respiratory disorders, as well as optimizing respiratory support therapies.
Researchers in the field of respiratory mechanics can utilize cutting-edge tools like PubCompare.ai to streamline their research process.
PubCompare.ai allows researchers to locate the best protocols from literature, preprints, and patents using AI-driven comparisons, helping to optimize experimental protocols, improve reproducibility, and identify the most effective products.
The FlexiVent system, a computer-controlled piston ventilator, is a popular tool used in respiratory mechanics research.
The FlexiVent software, in conjunction with SigmaPlot 11.0 and RStudio, provides a comprehensive platform for data analysis and visualization.
The FlexiVent FX device, a more recent iteration of the FlexiVent system, offers enhanced capabilities for respiratory mechanics measurements.
Additionally, the Hemodynamic Profile CARESCAPE B650 is a valuable tool that can be used in conjunction with respiratory mechanics research, providing insights into the cardiovascular system and its interactions with the respiratory system.
Prism 8, a powerful data analysis and visualization software, can also be utilized to enhance the understanding and presentation of respiratory mechanics data.
By leveraging these tools and technologies, researchers can conduct more efficient and data-driven respiratory mechanics research, leading to improved diagnosis, management, and treatment of respiratory disorders.