The 16S rRNA-based phylometagenomic dataset of the normal (healthy) human microbiome was made available through the Human Microbiome Project [13 (link)], and consists of 454 FLX Titanium sequences spanning the V3 to V5 variable regions obtained for 301 samples from 24 healthy subjects (12 male, 12 female) enrolled at a single clinical site in Houston, TX. These samples cover 18 different body sites, including 6 main body site categories: the oral cavity (9 samples), the gut (1 sample), the vagina (3 samples), the retroauricular crease (2 samples), the nasal cavity (1 sample) and the skin (2 samples). Detailed protocols used for enrollment, sampling, DNA extraction, 16S amplification and sequencing are available on the Human Microbiome Project Data Analysis and Coordination Center website [103 ], and are also described elsewhere [55 ,56 (link)]. In brief, genomic DNA was isolated using the Mo Bio PowerSoil kit [104 ] and subjected to 16S amplifications using primers designed incorporating the FLX Titanium adapters and a sample barcode sequence, allowing directional sequencing covering variable regions V5 to partial V3 (primers: 357F 5'-CCTACGGGAGGCAGCAG-3' and 926R 5'-CCGTCAATTCMTTTRAGT-3'). Resulting sequences were processed using a data curation pipeline implemented in mothur [41 (link)], which reduces the sequencing error rate to less than 0.06% as validated on a mock community. As part of the pipeline parameters, to pass the initial quality control step, one unambiguous mismatch to the sample barcode and two mismatches to the PCR amplification primers were allowed. Sequences with an ambiguous base call or a homopolymer longer than eight nucleotides were removed from subsequent analyses, as suggested previously [105 (link)]. Based on the supplied quality scores, all sequences were trimmed when a base call with a score below 20 was encountered. All sequences were aligned using a NAST-based sequence aligner to a custom reference based on the SILVA alignment [106 (link),107 (link)]. Sequences that were shorter than 200 bp or that did not align to the anticipated region of the reference alignment were removed from further analysis. Chimeric sequences were identified using the mothur implementation of the ChimeraSlayer algorithm [108 (link)]. Unique reads were classified with the MSU RDP classifier v2.2 [58 (link)] using the taxonomy proposed by [109 ], maintained at the RDP (RDP 10 database, version 6). The 16S rRNA reads are available in the Sequence Read Archive at [110 ].
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Physiology
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Organism Attribute
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Males
Males
Males are the sex that produces sperm and generally has stronger muscle mass and other physical characteristics associated with the XY chromosomes.
This term encompasses all aspects of the male biological identity, including reproductive anatomy, hormones, and secondary sexual characteristics.
Researchers can use PubCompare.ai to easily identify the most effective products and methodologies to advance their male-oriented studies, drawing on data-driven insights from the latest literature, preprints, and patents.
This term encompasses all aspects of the male biological identity, including reproductive anatomy, hormones, and secondary sexual characteristics.
Researchers can use PubCompare.ai to easily identify the most effective products and methodologies to advance their male-oriented studies, drawing on data-driven insights from the latest literature, preprints, and patents.
Most cited protocols related to «Males»
Base Sequence
Chimera
Females
Genome
Healthy Volunteers
Human Body
Human Microbiome
Males
Nasal Cavity
Nucleotides
Oligonucleotide Primers
Oral Cavity
RNA, Ribosomal, 16S
Skin
Titanium
Vagina
To illustrate the utility of ANNOVAR in identifying causal genes for Mendelian diseases with recessive inheritance, we synthesized a whole-genome data set with ∼4.2 million SNVs and ∼0.5 million indels. These variants include all variants generated by Illumina on a male Yoruba subject (ftp://ftp.sanger.ac.uk/pub/rd/NA18507/ ) (14 (link)), as well as two known causal mutations for Miller syndrome (G->A mutation at chr16: 70608443 and G->C mutation at chr16: 70612611, representing G152R and G202A in the DHODH gene). We tested the variants reduction procedure on this data set using ANNOVAR, to examine whether we can identify a small subset of candidate genes that include the causal gene DHODH.
To illustrate the utility of ANNOVAR in identifying causal genes for Mendelian diseases with dominant inheritance, we synthesized whole-exome data sets. Since exome data for four Freeman–Sheldon cases were not available to us, we downloaded the exome data for eight HapMap subjects reported in (11 (link)). We then extracted the exome data for the first four subjects, including two Yoruba subjects (NA18507, NA18517) and two European Americans (NA12156 and NA12878). We next added the four known causal mutations to each of the four HapMap subjects (three C–>T mutations at chr17:10485359 and one C–>T mutation at chr17:10485360, representing R672H and R672C mutations in MYH3). We tested whether ANNOVAR can identify MYH3 as the causal gene by examining exomes from these four subjects.
To illustrate the utility of ANNOVAR in identifying causal genes for Mendelian diseases with dominant inheritance, we synthesized whole-exome data sets. Since exome data for four Freeman–Sheldon cases were not available to us, we downloaded the exome data for eight HapMap subjects reported in (11 (link)). We then extracted the exome data for the first four subjects, including two Yoruba subjects (NA18507, NA18517) and two European Americans (NA12156 and NA12878). We next added the four known causal mutations to each of the four HapMap subjects (three C–>T mutations at chr17:10485359 and one C–>T mutation at chr17:10485360, representing R672H and R672C mutations in MYH3). We tested whether ANNOVAR can identify MYH3 as the causal gene by examining exomes from these four subjects.
Chromosome 11p Deletion Syndrome
Dihydroorotate Dehydrogenase
Europeans
Exome
Genes
Genes, vif
Genome
HapMap
INDEL Mutation
Males
Mutation
Pattern, Inheritance
Adult
Anger
Arousal
Asian Americans
Europeans
Face
Fear
Females
Hair
Latinos
Males
Muscle Tonus
Negroid Races
Oral Cavity
The Twitcher mouse colony (Twi+/− C57BL6 mice; Jackson Labs) was generously donated by Dr. A. Biffi (San Raffaele Telethon Institute for Gene Therapy, Milan, Italy). Animals were maintained and used according to the protocols and ethical guidelines approved by the Ministry of Health, as per Italian law (Permit Number: 0004419).
Genomic DNA was extracted from the clipped tails of mice by Proteinase K lysis buffer as previously described42 (link). The genetic status of each mouse was determined from the genome analysis of the twitcher mutation, as reported in ref. 31 (link). TWI male mice at P30 and P15 and their WT male littermates were used for experiments, while the TWI-Het littermates for the TWI colony maintenance31 (link), 42 (link). Surgical procedures for fixation were performed under urethane anesthesia (Sigma, 0.8 ml/hg), and all efforts were made to minimize mice suffering.
Genomic DNA was extracted from the clipped tails of mice by Proteinase K lysis buffer as previously described42 (link). The genetic status of each mouse was determined from the genome analysis of the twitcher mutation, as reported in ref. 31 (link). TWI male mice at P30 and P15 and their WT male littermates were used for experiments, while the TWI-Het littermates for the TWI colony maintenance31 (link), 42 (link). Surgical procedures for fixation were performed under urethane anesthesia (Sigma, 0.8 ml/hg), and all efforts were made to minimize mice suffering.
Anesthesia
Animals
Buffers
Endopeptidase K
Genome
Males
Mice, House
Mutation
Operative Surgical Procedures
Reproduction
Tail
Therapy, Gene
Urethane
Genomic DNA was extracted directly from blood samples by standard procedures, and stored long-term in TE−4 (10 mM Tris–HCl, 0.1 mM EDTA, pH 7.5) at 4°C at a concentration of ∼100 ng/µl. DNA stocks were diluted into pure water just prior to setting up QPCR runs. The samples, from 95 Utah individuals (47 females and 48 males, age range 5–94 years), are those analyzed in our previous paper describing telomere length measurement by singleplex QPCR (1 (link)).
BLOOD
Edetic Acid
Females
Genome
Males
Telomere
Tromethamine
Most recents protocols related to «Males»
Example 3
Moulded Silicone Pressure Sensitive Adhesive Body:
Dow Corning 7-9800 A&B (mixing ration between A and Bis 1:1 by weight) were used for production of a PDMS based adhesive body. A mould having a triangular shape (each side of the triangular mould having a distance of 300 mm, the center part having a thickness of 0.5 mm and the edge having a thickness of 0.1 mm) was used. The components were thoroughly mixed and applied on a 50 μm cover layer of silicone rubber lining in the female part of a triangular mould and a male mould part was placed on top, said part lined with a low density polyethylene release liner. The adhesive was cured in an oven at 100 degree C. for 15 minutes. After curing the adhesive was punched out of the mould and a dent in the centre of the adhesive body device for embedment of an electronic sensing system was punched out.
A 300
Dental Cavity Liner
Females
Fungus, Filamentous
Human Body
Males
Polyethylene, Low-Density
Pressure
Silicone Elastomers
Silicones
Example 6
Tg32 mice were homozygous, 8 week old, males. There were 4 mice per test article group. The test articles included CDA1-WT, CDA1-FcMut008, and CDA1-FcMut015. The mice were dosed at 10 mg/Kg by IV administration. Data were collected at thirteen time points (1 h, 8 h, 1 d, 2 d, 3 d, 4 d, 6 d, 8 d, 10 d, 13 d, 16 d, 19 d, and 22 d). Human IgG was quantified by ELISA using an anti-hIgG polyclonal antibody.
Tg32 is a human FcRn transgenic mouse model that can be used in drug discovery for early assessment and prediction of human pharmacokinetics of monoclonal antibodies. Monoclonal antibody clearance in Tg32 homozygous mice has the strongest correlation to monoclonal antibody clearance in humans (Avery et al. MAbs. 2016; 8(6):1064-78).
CDA1 (actoxumab) is known to have a half-life of >25 days in human. In vivo evaluation with additional mAbs in Tg32 model was performed. The different constructs can also be evaluated on Tg276 mice which are reported to have increased half-life differences between IgG variants. The results are shown in Table 2 and
actoxumab
Animals, Transgenic
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic
Drug Kinetics
Enzyme-Linked Immunosorbent Assay
hippuryl-glycyl-glycine
Homo sapiens
Homozygote
Immunoglobulins
Males
Menopause
Mice, House
Mice, Laboratory
Mice, Transgenic
Monoclonal Antibodies
Example 2
Twenty-eight (28) healthy, adult male and female (non-childbearing potential) subjects were enrolled in the study in total; 14 subjects in each study part (Parts 1 and 2). A minimum of 8 female subjects were enrolled in the study (i.e., a minimum of 4 female subjects per study part). Each subject participated in either Part 1 or Part 2, but not both.
Part 1
On Day 1 of Treatment Period 1, a single oral dose of 20 mg mitapivat sulfate was administered. Serial blood samples for plasma assay of mitapivat concentrations and its CYP3A4 metabolite, referred to herein as the “Metabolite” (structure below),
In Treatment Period 1, mitapivat sulfate was administered orally with approximately 240 mL of water. In Treatment Period 2, on Days 1 to 4, itraconazole was administered alone immediately followed by approximately 220 mL of water, and on Day 5, itraconazole was administered first (no water) and was immediately followed by mitapivat sulfate administration with approximately 220 mL of water. Study drugs (mitapivat sulfate and itraconazole) were administered following an overnight fast of at least 10 hours on Day 1 of Treatment Period 1 (mitapivat sulfate only) and Day 5 of Treatment Period 2 (mitapivat sulfate and itraconazole), and subjects remained fasted for 4 hours after dosing. On all other dosing days, itraconazole was administered following a predose fast of at least 4 hours and subjects remained fasted for at least 2 hours after dosing.
Part 2
On Day 1 of Treatment Period 1, a single oral dose of 50 mg mitapivat sulfate was administered. Serial blood samples for plasma assay of mitapivat and the Metabolite concentrations were collected from predose to 120 hours following administration of mitapivat sulfate. In Treatment Period 2, an oral dose of 600 mg rifampin was administered QD for 12 consecutive days (Day 1 through Day 12 of Treatment Period 2) with a single oral dose of 50 mg mitapivat sulfate coadministered on Day 8. Serial blood samples for plasma assay of mitapivat sulfate and the Metabolite concentrations were collected from predose to 120 hours following coadministration of mitapivat and rifampin on Day 8.
In Part 2, study drugs were administered with approximately 240 mL of water on all dosing days including the coadministration of mitapivat sulfate and rifampin on Day 8 of Treatment Period 2. Mitapivat sulfate and rifampin was administered following an overnight fast of at least 10 hours on Day 1 of Treatment Period 1 (mitapivat sulfate only) and Day 8 of Treatment Period 2 (both mitapivat sulfate and rifampin) and subjects remained fasted for 4 hours after dosing. On all other dosing days, rifampin was administered following a predose fast of at least 4 hours and subjects remained fasted for at least 2 hours after dosing. There was a washout period of 7 days between the mitapivat sulfate dose in Treatment Period 1 and the first itraconazole (Part 1) or rifampin (Part 2) dose in Treatment Period 2. All study drugs were consumed within 5 minutes for both Part 1 and Part 2.
Adult
Biological Assay
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inducers
Cytochrome P-450 CYP3A4 Inhibitors
Drug Interactions
Females
Itraconazole
Males
mitapivat
mitapivat sulfate
Plasma
Rifampin
Example 4
A male 58-year-old subject suffering from a migraine ingested a capsule comprising 1000 mg citric acid and a capsule comprising 1200 mg KNO3, 200 mg elemental magnesium, and 50 mg elemental zinc. Within 5 minutes of ingesting both capsules, the subject saw alleviation of migraine symptoms. 30 minutes after ingesting the capsules, the subject reported that the migraine symptoms had disappeared.
Capsule
Citric Acid
Headache
Magnesium
Males
Migraine Disorders
Zinc
Example 2
The antidepressant effects of the yeast Saccharomyces boulardii are evaluated by chronic administration to adult male CD1 mice in the forced swimming test.
The forced-swimming test, well known to the skilled person, is used to measure the antidepressant effects of a pharmacological compound. This test is based on the work of Porsolt et al. (1977) Act. Int. Pharmacodyn. Ther. 229:327-336 and has since been classically used to predict the clinical efficacy of antidepressant compounds.
Briefly, this test takes place in a cylindrical container filled with water (water height 10 cm) at 23° C. The mouse is placed in this container for 6 minutes, and the duration of immobility of the animal is measured for the last 4 minutes.
The antidepressant compounds administered prior to this test significantly reduce the immobility time of the animals.
Adult
Animals
Antidepressive Agents
Males
Mice, House
Mood Disorders
Saccharomyces boulardii
Yeast, Dried
Top products related to «Males»
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C57BL/6J mice are a widely used inbred mouse strain. They are a commonly used model organism in biomedical research.
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Sprague-Dawley rats are an outbred albino rat strain commonly used in laboratory research. They are characterized by their calm temperament and reliable reproductive performance.
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C57BL/6J is a mouse strain commonly used in biomedical research. It is a common inbred mouse strain that has been extensively characterized.
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Fetal Bovine Serum (FBS) is a cell culture supplement derived from the blood of bovine fetuses. FBS provides a source of proteins, growth factors, and other components that support the growth and maintenance of various cell types in in vitro cell culture applications.
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C57BL/6 mice are a widely used inbred mouse strain commonly used in biomedical research. They are known for their black coat color and are a popular model organism due to their well-characterized genetic and physiological traits.
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The C57BL/6 mouse is a widely used inbred mouse strain. It is a common laboratory mouse model utilized for a variety of research applications.
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Male Sprague-Dawley rats are a widely used laboratory animal model. They are characterized by their large size, docile temperament, and well-established physiological and behavioral characteristics. These rats are commonly used in a variety of research applications.
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The C57BL/6J mouse is a widely used laboratory mouse strain. It is an inbred strain that has a black coat color. The C57BL/6J mouse is commonly used as a control strain in various research applications.
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The D12492 is a powdered rodent diet formulated by Research Diets. It is a highly palatable, nutrient-dense diet that provides a standardized nutritional profile for research purposes. The diet is designed to be easily administered and consumed by laboratory rodents.
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C57BL/6 is a widely used inbred mouse strain. It is a robust, readily available laboratory mouse model.
More about "Males"
Explore the fascinating world of the male biological identity, encompassing a wide range of physical characteristics and functions.
From the production of sperm to the development of stronger muscle mass, the male sex is defined by the XY chromosomes and a variety of secondary sexual traits.
Researchers can delve deeper into male-oriented studies by leveraging the power of PubCompare.ai, a leading AI platform that provides data-driven insights from the latest literature, preprints, and patents.
This tool can help identify the most effective products and methodologies to advance your research, whether you're working with C57BL/6J mice, Sprague-Dawley rats, or other relevant model organisms.
Explore the latest advancements in male biology, including insights from studies on C57BL/6 mice, FBS, and Male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Discover the optimal protocols and procedures for your male-focused research, informed by the wealth of data available through PubCompare.ai.
Stay ahead of the curve with the most up-to-date and accurate information on the male biological identity.
Harness the power of data-driven insights to optimize your research and drive breakthroughs in our understanding of this fascinating aspect of human physiology.
From the production of sperm to the development of stronger muscle mass, the male sex is defined by the XY chromosomes and a variety of secondary sexual traits.
Researchers can delve deeper into male-oriented studies by leveraging the power of PubCompare.ai, a leading AI platform that provides data-driven insights from the latest literature, preprints, and patents.
This tool can help identify the most effective products and methodologies to advance your research, whether you're working with C57BL/6J mice, Sprague-Dawley rats, or other relevant model organisms.
Explore the latest advancements in male biology, including insights from studies on C57BL/6 mice, FBS, and Male Sprague-Dawley rats.
Discover the optimal protocols and procedures for your male-focused research, informed by the wealth of data available through PubCompare.ai.
Stay ahead of the curve with the most up-to-date and accurate information on the male biological identity.
Harness the power of data-driven insights to optimize your research and drive breakthroughs in our understanding of this fascinating aspect of human physiology.