Log In Sign up
The largest database of trusted experimental protocols
> Physiology > Organism Attribute > Masculinity

Masculinity

Masculinity is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses the socially constructed attitudes, behaviors, and characteristics associated with being a man.
It involves the expression of traditional male traits, such as assertiveness, competitiveness, and physical strength, as well as the adherence to societal norms and expectations surrounding male gender roles.
Reserch on masculintiy explores how these concepts are developed, perpetuated, and challenged across different cultural and historical contexts.
Understandng masculnity is crucial for addressing issues related to men's health, relationships, and social well-being.

Most cited protocols related to «Masculinity»

1
Assessing Homosexual Stigma Experiences
Two general dimensions of homosexual stigma were assessed: experienced and internalized stigma. The items in these variables were worded for male homosexuality only, not for transgender identity because of the technical difficulties and costs involved in changing the wording in CASI based on the respondent’s identity. Yet they were general enough to be applicable to GBT, and the number of transgender participants was relatively small (N = 94, 15%).
Experienced stigmatization was measured by 20 items reflecting events across the life span and across a variety of contexts (e.g., work environment, family) and actions (e.g., verbal and physical abuse, displacement). The response choices ranged from 1 = never to 4 = many times. Maximum likelihood exploratory factor analysis was conducted on this measure to determine the underlying factor structure, and the factors were rotated using the “promax” method to allow the factors to correlate. Appendix A presents all stigma factors, items, Cronbach’s alpha coefficients, and scale means and standard deviations. Four factors emerged: (1) childhood experiences of maltreatment, (2) adult harassment and abuse, (3) social rejection and maltreatment, and (4) family experiences. Intercor-relations among factors ranged from .50 to .60. Items from each factor were averaged to create four sub-scales.
Internalized stigmatization was assessed in a similar fashion. A total of 17 items comprise this measure. Results of factor analysis showed four factors: feelings of shame, blame, wanting to change one’s sexuality, and endorsement of normative masculinity (see Appendix A; factor inter-correlations range from .30 to .65).
Ramirez-Valles J., Kuhns L.M., Campbell R.T, & Diaz R.M. (2010). Social Integration and Health: Community Involvement, Stigmatized Identities, and Sexual Risk in Latino Sexual Minorities. Journal of health and social behavior, 51(1), 30-47.
Publication 2010
Abuse, Physical Adult Drug Abuse Feelings Homosexuals Masculinity Shame Transgendered Persons
2
Assessment of Internalized Homophobia
In both the Crew 450 and eDAPT samples, participants were asked a series of 22 items to assess experiences of IH. This investigator-adapted scale first used five items from the Homosexual Attitudes Inventory (Nungesser, 1983 ), which were adapted to be more interpretable for a youth population. This is a measure frequently used to assess IH (Grey et al., 2013 (link)) and this scale has been highly correlated with other measures of IH, including one that shows post-intervention decreases in IH (Lin & Istael, 2012 ). This scale included items such as, “Sometimes I wish I were not gay” and “Sometimes I feel ashamed of my sexual orientation.” Next, the investigative team added 17 items to the scale in order to capture a broader conceptualization of IH, including items that tapped into experiences of shame, self-blame, normative masculinity and desire to change sexual orientation (Ramirez-Valles, Kuhns, Campbell, & Diaz, 2010 (link)). Participants indicated how much they agreed with each statement on a 4-point Likert scale from Strongly Disagree to Strongly Agree. It was administered at each time point in the Crew 450 sample and at baseline in the eDAPT sample. Responses were averaged, so that higher scores indicated greater IH. Additional information on scale construction and reliability is subsequently presented.
Puckett J.A., Newcomb M.E., Ryan D.T., Swann G., Garofalo R, & Mustanski B. (2016). Internalized Homophobia and Perceived Stigma: A Validation Study of Stigma Measures in a Sample of Young Men who Have Sex with Men. Sexuality research & social policy : journal of NSRC : SR & SP, 14(1), 1-16.
Publication 2016
Concept Formation Crow Feelings Homosexuals Masculinity Sexual Orientation Shame Youth
3
Masculinity Influences on HIV Care in a South African Trial
Data were drawn from a qualitative study that was part of a social science research agenda within the ANRS 12249 TasP trial. The trial was undertaken in Hlabisa, a sub-district in KwaZulu-Natal Province, South Africa, with a population of 228,000, an adult HIV prevalence of 29%, and a network of 17 primary health centres (PHCs) that also offer HIV testing and treatment to eligible people. Implementation of the trial took a phased approach, starting with 4 clusters in March 2012, then adding 6 in January 2013, and another 12 in June 2014. Follow-up in all clusters was planned to run until June 2016 (a fuller description of the trial is provided in Orne-Gliemann, 2016 (link)).
Data were collected in the four initial trial clusters using in-depth interviews (IDI) and focus group discussions (FGD). Participants were varied to capture diverse perspectives. Four FGDs were constituted as follows: younger people identified by randomly approaching households; traditional healers (THP) identified through their peers; older people recruited with help from a community caregiver [C-CG]; and a “mixed” group – comprising young and old men and women, and two THPs – recruited with assistance from a community member. Fewer men were recruited because they were either absent or unable to commit to participating. Four repeat sessions were conducted per group, each focusing on a specific topic and lasting 45–120 minutes. Venues for FGDs were school and community halls, a community tuckshop, and a faith-based organisation’s premises. For IDIs, 20 participants (10 men, 10 women; age range 17–64) were recruited based on criteria age ≥16 years and residence in the four clusters. Recruitment entailed directly approaching homesteads, or announcing the study in the waiting area of one of the trial clinics before engaging interested potential participants individually. Household-recruited participants’ HIV status was unknown unless it had, without solicitation, been disclosed during an interview. Clinic-recruited participants’ HIV status was known. Initial interviews were done in January–March 2013 and lasted 30–60 minutes. Ten of the IDI participants, who were varied by distance from health facility, gender, and HIV status, were selected to participate in two consecutive repeat interviews each in July–November 2013. Venues for IDIs were participants’ homes or TasP clinics. An overview of the sample and research process is presented in Table 1, and additional details about the sample are provided in a related paper (Orne-Gliemann, 2016 (link)).
A social scientist fluent in the local language facilitated the FGDs and conducted the interviews, and these were recorded, transcribed, translated into English, and then analysed collaboratively by two independent social scientists. Transcripts were entered into Nvivo v10 qualitative data analysis software (QSR, Melbourne, Australia), and coded inductively and deductively. The coding frame was developed initially from three thematic areas of prior interest, namely barriers to HIV testing, acceptability of early ART for treatment and prevention, and partner influence on beliefs and practices. Codes were then refined by being iteratively broken down and reconnected through theoretical coding to form higher-level thematic categories (Morgan, Krueger, & King, 1998 ; Strauss & Corbin, 1990 ). Emerging themes were consolidated through re-reading and contextually interpreting data in the transcripts until saturation (Marshall, 1996 (link)) was achieved. Issues pertaining to gender relations and masculinity emerged as a central theme, and given prior knowledge that masculinity affects engagement with healthcare, we were then curious to explore further the manifestation of this relationship in the novel context of a UTT and TasP trial. Data pertaining to this theme were pulled out and read further to identify salient sub-themes, which are presented in this paper and illustrated with supporting quotes. The Biomedical Research Ethics Committee of the University of KwaZulu-Natal approved the study (Approval Number BCF104/11) as part of the trial’s social science programme. Informed consent was obtained from each participant, and confidentiality and anonymity were ensured.
Chikovore J., Gillespie N., McGrath N., Orne-Gliemann J, & Zuma T. (2016). Men, masculinity, and engagement with treatment as prevention in KwaZulu-Natal, South Africa. AIDS care, 28(Suppl 3), 74-82.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2016
Adult Ethics Committees, Research Gender Households Lanugo Masculinity Reading Frames Traditional Medicine Practitioners Woman Youth
4
Gender Role Classification Methodology
In the literature there are multiple methods for classifying people into gender roles. The most common method uses the median split. This method was used in a recent study of an elderly population [19 (link)] and avoids methodological issues that occur when other approaches are used [37 ]. Therefore the median split method was used to classify the gender roles of these participants. First the median for the whole sample was established for both the masculine and the feminine scales. Then individual scores for each participant on the femininity scale and the masculinity scale were calculated and compared to the median. Scores that fell at the median were classified as “high” rather than “low” scores. If the individual’s mean score was below the median on both the feminine and masculine scales, he/she was classified as undifferentiated. If the individual’s mean scores on both the masculine and feminine scales were equal to or above the median that individual was classified as androgynous. Those people who were equal to or higher than the median on the feminine scale and lower on the masculine scale were classified as feminine. Finally, those who were equal to or higher than the median on the masculine scale and lower on the feminine scale were classified as masculine (see Figure 2).
Carver L.F., Vafaei A., Guerra R., Freire A, & Phillips S.P. (2013). Gender Differences: Examination of the 12-Item Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI-12) in an Older Brazilian Population. PLoS ONE, 8(10), e76356.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2013
Aged Female Pseudohermaphroditism Femininity Masculinity
5
Facial Masculinity Measurement Protocol
The 20 male faces were part of a larger photoset of 62 male and female faces from the same population of adults. A geometric morphometric analysis of all of these faces was used to generate morphological masculinity scores for each face in a manner analogous to that use used for previously for bodies [47] . First, using criteria established by Stephan et al [48] , the x-y coordinates of 129 facial landmarks (Fig. S1 – supplementary material) were delineated for each face using Psychomorph [49] . Geometric morphometric techniques were then used to calculate a masculinity index for each face. Morphologika [50] (link) was used to carry out Procrustes registration of the landmark data - a best fit procedure that removes scale, rotational and translational differences between shapes [51] –[53] .
Next, to identify dimensions of variation in facial landmark configuration, Morphologika was used to conduct Principle Components Analysis (PCA) of the Procrustes-registered landmark data. A Kaiser-Guttman criterion was used to select Principle Components (PCs) for inclusion in subsequent analysis; i.e. those with eigenvalues greater than the average eigenvalue were retained. This led to the retention of the first 11 PCs which together accounted for 84.7% of the variance in facial landmark configuration (see Table S1, supplementary material for details).
Step-wise discriminant analysis (SPSS 13) was then used to establish which of the 11 PCs were best able to discriminate between the male and female faces. The resulting discriminant function incorporated eight of the PCs (Wilks' λ = 0.163; df = 8; χ2 = 101.6, p<0.00001), and yielded correct sex classifications for 96.8% of faces (see Table S1, and Fig. S2, supplementary material, for details). Discriminant function scores were therefore used as an index of morphological masculinity, with high scores indicating a more masculine facial structure (see Table S1, supplementary material for details).
Scott I.M., Pound N., Stephen I.D., Clark A.P, & Penton-Voak I.S. (2010). Does Masculinity Matter? The Contribution of Masculine Face Shape to Male Attractiveness in Humans. PLoS ONE, 5(10), e13585.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2010
Adult Face Females Human Body Males Masculinity Protein Biosynthesis Retention (Psychology)

Most recents protocols related to «Masculinity»

1
Examining Gender Threats and Policy Attitudes
After consenting to take part in the study, participants were asked to indicate their gender and complete the BSRI. Participants were then randomly assigned to the threat or no-threat condition. In the threat condition, participants were informed that the BSRI measures the degree of masculinity or femininity of their personality. The meaning of higher and lower scores was explained, after which participants were presented with their adjusted score along with the supposed “average man’s” and “average woman’s” scores. No BSRI feedback was provided in the no-threat condition. Participants then completed the policy support questions, followed by the ideology and demographic items. Finally, participants were fully debriefed and dismissed.
DiMuccio S.H, & Knowles E.D. (2023). Something to Prove? Manhood Threats Increase Political Aggression Among Liberal Men. Sex Roles, 88(5-6), 240-267.
Publication 2023
Femininity Gender Masculinity Woman
2
Gender Threat Manipulation Using Bem Sex Role Inventory
Gender threat was induced by providing participants with false feedback on the Bem Sex Role Inventory (BSRI; Bem, 1974 (link)). The BSRI has participants rate themselves on 60 personality traits: 20 that are stereotypically masculine (e.g., assertive, self-reliant, analytical), 20 that are stereotypically feminine (e.g., affectionate, gentle, cheerful), and 20 that are gender-neutral (e.g., reliable, sincere, conscientious). All traits are positive in valence, and their order of presentation was randomized. Participants recorded their responses on a scale from 1 (never true of you) to 7 (always true of you).
Once participants completed the BSRI, a score from 0 to 100 was calculated, such that higher scores indicated more agreement with the masculine traits and lower scores indicated more agreement with the feminine traits; neutral traits were excluded from scoring. For male participants, manhood threat was induced by subtracting 30 points from their actual score, thereby placing them closer in personality to a stereotypical woman. For female participants, womanhood threat was induced by adding 30 points to their actual score, thereby placing them closer in personality to a stereotypical man. In this way, feedback provided to participants was anchored on their actual levels of (stereotypical) masculinity and femininity, helping to ensure that no participant received scores vastly—and thus unrealistically—discrepant from their actual responses. Scores could be no lower than 3 or higher than 97.
Participants in the threat condition saw their adjusted score juxtaposed with the putative score of the average person of their gender (80 for men and 32 for women). Even the most masculine man in the threat condition would receive a score of 70 (100 minus 30), which is below the average man’s score. In light of research showing that women tend to be higher in androgyny than men (Donnelly & Twenge, 2017 (link)), we adjusted the average women’s score to be further away from 0 (i.e., 32) than the average man’s score was from 100 (i.e., 80). Participants in the no-threat condition received no BSRI feedback, but all participants received the same instructions prior to taking the test. In a pilot test, participants were asked after the manipulation whether they suspected the true purpose of the research. None correctly guessed the hypothesis or purpose of the manipulation.
DiMuccio S.H, & Knowles E.D. (2023). Something to Prove? Manhood Threats Increase Political Aggression Among Liberal Men. Sex Roles, 88(5-6), 240-267.
Publication 2023
Females Femininity Gender Masculinity Reliance resin cement Stereotypic Movement Disorder Woman
3
Exploring Strategies for Assisting Men in Intimate Partner Relationships
Participant interviews were uploaded and coded in NVivo 13. Braun and Clarke’s (2006) six step approach was used to guide the thematic analysis. This included reading and re-reading the interview transcripts to build familiarity with the data, noting preliminary interpretations relevant to the research question, what are service provider’s and stakeholder’s perspectives about the challenges and strategies for assisting men with their intimate partner relationships? A coding schedule was developed to fracture the data using 10 descriptive labels including, “how men access services,” “advocacy issues,” “barriers to access,” “masculinities,” “program characteristics,” and “skills men need.” Data segments were assigned to these codes, and the data in each code were read and compared to distill patterns and account for variations. Through this process, we recognized participants’ use of social constructivist and relational approaches to the delivery of services. As such, Connell’s (2005) masculinities framework was used to further conceptualize and theorize the findings. Connell’s (2005) masculinities comprises a plurality of gendered identities, roles, and relations to make available diversity for how men think and act within socially constructed norms for what it is to be a man (Connell, 2005 ). Examining participants’ interviews with this framework allowed us to examine their perceptions of power, social structures, and agency in men’s intimate partner relationships, and what that means for tailored services. In completing these analyses for each code, we subsumed codes (e.g., “advocacy issues” and “barriers to access”) to differentiate and inductively derive three thematic findings.
Sharp P., Coroiu A., Rice S.M., Seidler Z.E., Kealy D., Ogrodniczuk J.S, & Oliffe J.L. (2023). Engaging Men in Intimate Partner Relationship Programs: Service Provider and Stakeholder Perspectives. American Journal of Men's Health, 17(2), 15579883231161023.
Publication 2023
Fracture, Bone Gender Identity Masculinity Obstetric Delivery
4
Masculinities Framework in Qualitative Interviews
The study employed a qualitative semistructured interview design using thematic analysis and a masculinities framework to guide interpretations of the data. Ethics approval was provided by the University of British Columbia (H20-1868).
Sharp P., Coroiu A., Rice S.M., Seidler Z.E., Kealy D., Ogrodniczuk J.S, & Oliffe J.L. (2023). Engaging Men in Intimate Partner Relationship Programs: Service Provider and Stakeholder Perspectives. American Journal of Men's Health, 17(2), 15579883231161023.
Publication 2023
Masculinity
5
Engaging Men to Promote Gender Equity
EMAP is a series of facilitated group discussions for men that sought to transform gender relations in communities by creating a cadre of male allies who practice and promote gender equity and do not use violence. The program was designed to give male participants the tools and knowledge to rethink belief systems and prevent GBV through individual behavioral change. EMAP invites the same group of men to participate in 16 weekly discussions with their male peers. The sessions are led by male trained facilitators. Topics explored the underpinnings of masculinity; types, causes and consequences of violence against women and girls; and opportunities for positive role modeling and reflection on their own power and privilege. Women’s groups were established prior to launching male discussion groups to promote accountability to the needs, views, and priorities of women in the community. Discussion topics that arose in the women’s groups were communicated to the men’s groups throughout the intervention and their reflections were incorporated into the facilitators’ approach. Men in the control sites participated in alternative group training sessions on topics such as poultry rearing, woodworking, tree planting, or driving lessons.
Gurbuz Cuneo A., Vaillant J., Koussoubé E., Pierotti R.S., Falb K, & Kabeya R. (2023). Prevention, Cessation, or harm reduction: Heterogeneous effects of an intimate partner violence prevention program in eastern Democratic Republic of the Congo. PLOS ONE, 18(3), e0282339.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Fowls, Domestic Males Masculinity Reflex Trees Woman

Top products related to «Masculinity»

1
Spss statistics 22 by IBM
Sourced in United States, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Belgium, Austria, Australia, China, Switzerland
SPSS Statistics 22 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and presentation. The software includes features for descriptive statistics, regression analysis, and hypothesis testing.
2
Spss version 25 by IBM
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Austria, Germany, Denmark, Czechia, Belgium, Sweden, New Zealand, Spain
SPSS version 25 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It is designed to analyze and manage data, providing users with a wide range of statistical analysis tools and techniques. The software is widely used in various fields, including academia, research, and business, for data processing, analysis, and reporting purposes.
3
Stata 15 by StataCorp
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Austria, Denmark
Stata 15 is a comprehensive, integrated statistical software package that provides a wide range of tools for data analysis, management, and visualization. It is designed to facilitate efficient and effective statistical analysis, catering to the needs of researchers, analysts, and professionals across various fields.
4
Spss v20 by IBM
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Belgium, Japan, China, Austria, Denmark
SPSS v20 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It provides data management, analysis, and visualization capabilities. The core function of SPSS v20 is to enable users to perform a variety of statistical analyses on data, including regression, correlation, and hypothesis testing.
5
Spss 24 by IBM
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Germany, Austria, Belgium, France, Denmark
SPSS 24.0 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It provides data management, analysis, and reporting capabilities. The software is designed to handle a wide range of data types and is commonly used for social science research, market research, and business analytics.
6
Stm200 by Biopac
Sourced in United States
The STM200 is a force transducer designed to measure tension, compression, and other mechanical forces. It features a robust construction and a wide measurement range to accommodate a variety of applications.
7
Spss statistics for windows version 21 by IBM
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Belgium, Japan
SPSS Statistics for Windows, Version 21.0 is a statistical software package designed for data analysis. It provides a comprehensive set of tools for data manipulation, analysis, and visualization. The software is designed to work on the Windows operating system.
8
Spss statistical software for windows version 27 by IBM
Sourced in United States
SPSS is a software package used for statistical analysis. Version 27 is the latest release for the Windows operating system. The software provides tools for data management, statistical modeling, and analysis.
9
Qubit dsdna br assay kit by Thermo Fisher Scientific
Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Italy, Japan, Singapore, France, Switzerland, China, Spain, Denmark, Canada
The Qubit dsDNA BR Assay Kit is a fluorescence-based method for quantifying double-stranded DNA (dsDNA) in solution. The kit includes reagents and standards to enable the user to determine the concentration of dsDNA samples.
10
Spss v21 by IBM
Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Germany, Japan, Spain, Denmark, Austria
SPSS v21 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It is designed to analyze and manipulate data, providing a range of statistical tools and techniques for researchers and analysts. The software offers a user-friendly interface and a comprehensive set of data management and analysis capabilities.

More about "Masculinity"

Masculinity is a complex and multifaceted concept that encompasses the socially constructed attitudes, behaviors, and characteristics associated with being a male.
It involves the expression of traditional male traits, such as assertiveness, competitiveness, and physical strength, as well as the adherence to societal norms and expectations surrounding male gender roles.
Reserch on masculintiy explores how these concepts are developed, perpetuated, and challenged across different cultural and historical contexts.
Understanding masculnity is crucial for addressing issues related to men's health, relationships, and social well-being.
Masculinity research often utilizes statistical software like SPSS (Statistical Package for the Social Sciences) to analyze data and uncover insights.
SPSS versions such as SPSS 22, SPSS 25, and SPSS 27 have been widely used in masculinity studies, providing researchers with powerful tools for data management, analysis, and visualization.
Additionally, other statistical software like Stata 15 and SPSS v20 have also been employed in masculinity research.
Researchers may also leverage advanced techniques like structural topic modeling (STM200) to explore the latent themes and patterns within masculinity-related literature and discourse.
These techniques can help uncover the nuanced ways in which masculinity is constructed, perceived, and challenged across different contexts.
Furthermore, the Qubit dsDNA BR Assay Kit can be utilized in biological and physiological research related to masculinity, providing insights into the underlying biological factors that may influence masculine traits and behaviors.
Ultimately, a comprehensive understanding of masculinity requires a multifaceted approach, incorporating insights from various disciplines, methodologies, and data sources.
By leveraging the power of statistical software and advanced analytical techniques, researchers can uncover the complex dynamics and multifaceted nature of masculinity, paving the way for more effective interventions and societal transformations.