Metabolic Profile
This holistic evaluation provides insights into the overall metabolic functioning, including the efficiency of energy production, nutrient utilization, and waste management.
The Metabolic Profile can help identify potential imbalances, metabolic disorders, or risk factors for chronic conditions, enabling personalized interventions to optimize metabolic health and well-being.
By understanding one's Metabolic Profile, individuals can make informed decisions about diet, exercise, and lifestyle adjustments to enhance metabolc perfromance and reduce the risk of metabolic-related diseases.
Most cited protocols related to «Metabolic Profile»
This data set includes a total of 977 de-identified subjects and 75 metabolites without missing values. These metabolites include free fatty acids, amino acids, and bile acids, which were identified using both GC/MS-based non-targeted analysis and LC/MS-based targeted metabolomics approach. It served as a large sample size data set for label-free evaluation.
This data set was collected from a study of comparing metabolic profiles between obese subjects with diabetes mellitus and healthy controls28 (link),29 (link). After filtering all missing values, this data set contained a total number of 198 subjects (70 patients, 128 healthy controls) and 130 metabolites. These metabolites include free fatty acids, amino acids, and bile acids that were identified using LC/MS-based targeted metabolomics approaches. It served as medium sample size data set for both label-free and labeled data evaluation.
Then the other two datasets with missing elements were applied to determine the types of missing values present in different metabolomics datasets.
The is a GC/MS profiling data that contains 37 samples and 110 metabolites identified, with 317 missing values and 221 of them were re-identified manually.
This is a targeted LC/MS metabolomics dataset, which includes 40 samples and 41 metabolites, with 88 missing elements and 26 of them were re-identified manually.
Living cells, cultured on petri dishes or multi-well plates. Cells can be incubated with a labeled tracer (for example: 13C or 15N) for downstream flux analysis Cells should be confluent in the wells, with a consistent cell number between samples. The amount of cells will vary depending on cell type used, but we have found using around 1 million cells in each well of a 6-well multiwell plate gives good results for both techniques.
0.9% NaCl at room temperature
High purity (MS grade) methanol at −20 °C
High purity (MS grade) chloroform at −20 °C
Millipore or equivalently pure water on ice
Cell scrapers
Eppendorf tube shaker at 4 °C
Centrifuge at 4 °C
Note: This list does not include generic laboratory equipment, which are assumed to be available.
Once the metabolic processes have been quenched, the next step is to lyse the cells, separating both the polar and non-polar metabolites from the other cellular substances at the same time. While methanol and water will extract the polar metabolites from a sample, non-polar metabolites must be separated with a non-polar solvent. Therefore, we use chloroform [4] (link) with the methanol/water mixture to separate the polar and non-polar metabolites efficiently. Adherent cells quenched with methanol and water are scraped from the multi-well plates and added to cold chloroform to allow for separation of polar and non-polar phases. These extracts are agitated to complete cell lysis and centrifuged to fully separate the layers.
This is a crucial step for experimental consistency; different amounts of cells in different samples will lead to incorrect comparisons of metabolite levels (which can also occur with cell seeding). Therefore, care should be taken to adequately scrape all wells and transfer as much cellular material as possible from the wells to the chloroform.
After these steps, the cells are shaken to completely lyse the membranes allowing for a more efficient extraction of all possible biomolecules. After shaking, there should be a clear separation between the polar and non-polar phase for the metabolites, with a well-defined interphase containing proteins and nucleic acids.
Most recents protocols related to «Metabolic Profile»
The BCS was recorded upon calving, 30 DIM, and on experimental period day −2 and 8. It was determined by a trained person on a 1–5 scale, based on estimating the fat covering ribs, loin, and tailhead (Lowman et al., 1976 ). Cows were weighed on an electronic scale upon calving and then at 07:00 h on 30 and 31 DIM and on experiment day −2, 1, 3, 5, 6, and 8. Milk yield was estimated on the same days by the weight-suckle-weight technique (Le Neindre and Dubroeucq, 1973 (link)). Calves were weighed before and after the two daily 30-min periods in which they had access to suckle their dams. The daily milk yield was estimated as the sum of the milk consumed by the calf in these two suckling periods. Milk samples were manually taken from each dam after the morning suckling. Five minutes before the manual extraction, all cows received an intramuscular injection of oxytocin (40 UI, Facilpart, Laboratorios Syva, León, Spain) to accelerate the letdown of the residual milk. A 100-mL sample was collected to determine milk composition, added with sodium azide (PanReac) as a preservative and refrigerated at 4 °C until the analysis. To determine FA composition, a second 40-mL sample was collected, lyophilized, and stored at −20 °C until analyzed.
Cows were bled on the same experiment days described above to assess their metabolic profile. Blood samples were collected from the coccygeal vein at 07:00 h after suckling and before offering hay. Heparinized tubes (BD Vacutainer Becton-Dickenson and Company) were used for the β-hydroxybutyrate (
In milk, FA were grouped according to their degree of saturation as saturated fatty acid (
The metabolic profiles were imported into R for principal component analysis (PCA) to observe the overall distribution among the samples and the stability of the entire analysis process. Partial least squares discriminant analysis (PLS-DA) and orthogonal partial least squares discriminant analysis (OPLS-DA) were used to distinguish differential metabolites between groups. To prevent overfitting, 7-fold cross-validation and 200 response permutation tests were utilized to evaluate the quality of the model. Variable importance of projection (VIP) values obtained from the OPLS-DA model were used to rank the overall contribution of each variable to group discrimination. A two-tailed Student’s t test was further used to verify whether the differences in metabolites between groups were significant. Differential metabolites were selected with VIP >1.0, P < 0.05, and fold change (FC) >1.5 or <0.7. Binary logistic regression analysis was constructed to screen independent risk factors. Receiver operating characteristic (ROC) curves were constructed to evaluate the diagnostic ability of differential metabolites between the tested groups.