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Amniocentesis

Amniocentesis is a prenatal diagnostic procedure that involves the extraction and analysis of amniotic fluid from the uterus.
It is commonly used to detect genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and other fetal conditions.
The process involves inserting a thin needle through the abdomen and into the amniotic sac to collect a sample of the fluid.
Amniocentesis is typically performed between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy and is considered a safe and effective way to gather important information about the health and development of the fetus.
Accurate and reproducibble amniocentesis procedures are crucial for ensuring the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the child.

Most cited protocols related to «Amniocentesis»

1
Amniocentesis Fluid Analysis Protocol
Enrolled subjects underwent transabdominal, ultrasound-guided amniocentesis, which is within the standard of care at Hutzel Women's Hospital for evaluating possible microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity of patients with spontaneous preterm labor. Amniotic fluid was immediately transported in a capped sterile syringe to the clinical laboratory where it was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including genital mycoplasmas. White blood cell (WBC) count and Gram stain of amniotic fluid were also performed shortly after collection. Amniotic fluid not required for clinical assessment was centrifuged for 10 minutes at 4°C shortly after the amniocentesis, and the supernatant was aliquoted and stored at −70°C until analysis. Amniotic fluid IL-6 concentrations were determined after delivery for research purposes, and these results were not used in patient management. A flowchart of our overall approach to amniotic fluid analysis is illustrated in Supporting Figure S1; detailed experimental methods, including microbiologic techniques and IL-6 quantitation, appear in Supporting Materials and Methods S1.
DiGiulio D.B., Romero R., Amogan H.P., Kusanovic J.P., Bik E.M., Gotsch F., Kim C.J., Erez O., Edwin S, & Relman D.A. (2008). Microbial Prevalence, Diversity and Abundance in Amniotic Fluid During Preterm Labor: A Molecular and Culture-Based Investigation. PLoS ONE, 3(8), e3056.
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Publication 2008
Amniocentesis Amnion Amniotic Fluid Bacteria, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Clinical Laboratory Services Dental Caries Genitalia Gram's stain Inpatient Leukocyte Count Microbiological Techniques Mycoplasmatales Obstetric Delivery Patients Premature Obstetric Labor Sterility, Reproductive Syringes Ultrasonics
2
Amniotic Fluid Analysis in SGA Fetuses
Patients with an SGA fetus were offered amniocentesis for genetic indications, to assess the microbial status of the amniotic cavity and to assess fetal lung maturity. In patients undergoing cesarean delivery, amniotic fluid was retrieved intra-operatively. Amniotic fluid was transported in a capped sterile syringe to the clinical laboratory where it was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including genital mycoplasmas, as described previously.[16 (link)] A white blood cell (WBC) count[64 (link)] and Gram stain[58 (link)] of amniotic fluid were also performed shortly after collection using methods previously described. Shortly after the amniocentesis, amniotic fluid not required for clinical assessment was centrifuged at 1300 × g for 10 minutes at 4°C, and the supernatant was aliquoted into gamma-irradiated nonpyrogenic DNase/RNase-free cryovials (Corning, Acton, MA, USA), and immediately frozen at −70°C. Amniotic fluid IL-6 and matrix metalloproteinase (MMP)-8 concentrations were determined using a specific and sensitive immunoassay which had been validated for amniotic fluid.[43 (link)] IL-6 and MMP-8 determinations were performed after all patients were delivered and were not used in clinical management.
DiGiulio D.B., Gervasi M., Romero R., Vaisbuch E., Mazaki-Tovi S., Kusanovic J.P., Seok K.S., Gómez R., Mittal P., Gotsch F., Chaiworapongsa T., Oyarzún E., Kim C.J, & Relman D.A. (2010). Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in pregnancies with small-for-gestational-age fetuses. Journal of perinatal medicine, 38(5), 495-502.
Publication 2010
Amniocentesis Amnion Amniotic Fluid Bacteria, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Cesarean Section Clinical Laboratory Services Dental Caries deoxyribonuclease gamma Deoxyribonucleases Fetal Development Fetus Freezing Gamma Rays Genitalia Gram's stain Immunoassay Leukocyte Count Lung Mycoplasmatales Neutrophil Collagenase Patients Ribonucleases Sterility, Reproductive Syringes
3
Maternal Age and Preterm Birth: A Retrospective Cohort Analysis
This is a retrospective cohort study using data obtained from the QUARISMA randomized controlled trial [17 (link)]. QUARISMA was a cluster intervention trial designed to assess the effectiveness of a complex intervention with background information and audits targeting a general population in terms of safe and sustainable reduction in the rate of caesarean sections. The intervention targeted physicians and nurses, involved audits of indications for cesarean delivery, provision of feedback to health professionals, and implementation of best practices. It took place in 32 hospitals in the province of Quebec, Canada, from 2008 to 2011 and enabled to collect information on more than 184 000 pregnancies. Trained staff collected information on standardized individual records. In this trial, hospitals were the units of randomization and women were the units of analysis. By designating hospitals as the units of randomization (clusters), the study ensured that all women within a given maternity unit were assigned to the same trial group, thereby reducing the risk of contamination of the intervention effect. Ethics approval was obtained by the Ethics research board of CHU Sainte-Justine (Montreal) under the Study Number 2604, for the completion of the trial, for the creation of the database and for the present study.
Inclusion criteria were those of the QUARISMA trial: birth at or after 24 gestational weeks of a fetus weighing >500 grams; and maternal age >20 years. Non-inclusion criteria were multiple pregnancies, fetal malformations and intra-uterine fetal demise.
Five maternal age categories were defined: 20–24, 25–29, 30–34, 35–39 and 40 years and older. Groups of age were compared based on maternal history: past drug use, nulliparity, and medical history including chronic hypertension, diabetes mellitus, renal and cardiac disease, thrombophilia, systemic erythematous lupus and inflammatory bowel disease. Characteristics of the current pregnancy were also studied: drug use, smoking, use of assisted reproductive technologies, and occurrence of an invasive procedure (chorionic villus sampling or amniocentesis). Additionally, groups of age were also compared according to maternal and obstetrical complications: hypertensive complications (gestational hypertension, pre-eclampsia and eclampsia), gestational diabetes and placenta praevia. All comparisons used chi-square test.
The odds ratios for preterm birth (<37 weeks) and very preterm birth (< 32 weeks) were calculated for different age groups before and after adjustment by multivariate logistic regression for known risk factors, maternal characteristics and gestational complications. For these analyses, the reference group corresponded to the group with the lowest rate of prematurity. As our analyses did not focus on the intervention of the primary trial (caesarean section) and since this intervention did not condition the relationship between the explanatory variables and the outcome studied in our paper; we did not performed mixed model analyses accounting for cluster (hospitals).
Preterm birth <37 weeks was divided into spontaneous and iatrogenic preterm birth. For both conditions, risk factors were studied using multivariate logistic analyses after adjustment on covariates. Iatrogenic delivery was defined as performance of a cesarean delivery before onset of labor or induction of labor using cervical ripening or oxytocin.
Results were considered significant when p<0.05. All statistical analyses were performed with the use of SAS software, version 9.3 (SAS Institute)
Fuchs F., Monet B., Ducruet T., Chaillet N, & Audibert F. (2018). Effect of maternal age on the risk of preterm birth: A large cohort study. PLoS ONE, 13(1), e0191002.
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Publication 2018
Age Groups Amniocentesis Assisted Reproductive Technologies Birth Cesarean Section Diabetes Mellitus Eclampsia Erythema Fetal Malformations Fetus Gestational Diabetes Health Personnel Heart Diseases High Blood Pressures Inflammatory Bowel Diseases Kidney Labor, Induced Lupus Vulgaris Mothers Nulliparity Nurses Obstetric Delivery Oxytocin Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Placenta Previa Pre-Eclampsia Pregnancy Pregnancy Complications Premature Birth Thrombophilia Transient Hypertension, Pregnancy Woman
4
Amniotic Fluid Analysis in Preeclampsia
Patients with preeclampsia were offered amniocentesis to assess fetal lung maturity in patients close to term. Amniotic fluid (AF) samples were also obtained at the time of cesarean delivery, using meticulous aseptic technique, in a subset of patients. AF was transported in a capped sterile syringe to the clinical laboratory where it was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, including genital mycoplasmas, as described [33 (link)]. White blood cell (WBC) count [107 (link)] and Gram stain [102 (link)] of AF were also performed shortly after collection using methods previously described. Shortly after the amniocentesis, AF not required for clinical assessment was centrifuged at 1300×g for 10 min at 4°C, and the supernatant was aliquoted into gamma-irradiated non-pyrogenic DNase/RNase-free cryovials (Corning, Acton, MA, USA), and immediately frozen at −70°C. AF interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were determined using a specific and sensitive immunoassay which had been validated for the analysis of AF as previously described [86 (link)]. IL-6 and MMP-8 determinations were performed after all patients were delivered and were not used in clinical management.
DiGiulio D.B., Gervasi M., Romero R., Mazaki-Tovi S., Vaisbuch E., Kusanovic J.P., Seok K.S., Gómez R., Mittal P., Gotsch F., Chaiworapongsa T., Oyarzún E., Kim C.J, & Relman D.A. (2010). Microbial invasion of the amniotic cavity in preeclampsia as assessed by cultivation and sequence-based methods. Journal of Perinatal Medicine, 38(5), 503-513.
Publication 2010
Amniocentesis Amniotic Fluid Asepsis Bacteria, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Cesarean Section Clinical Laboratory Services deoxyribonuclease gamma Deoxyribonucleases Fetal Development Freezing Gamma Rays Genitalia Gram's stain Immunoassay Interleukin-6 Leukocyte Count Lung Mycoplasmatales Patients Pre-Eclampsia Ribonucleases Sterility, Reproductive Syringes
5
Amniocentesis for Preterm PROM Evaluation
Patients with preterm PROM were offered amniocentesis to assess the microbial status of the amniotic cavity, and/or fetal lung maturity. Amniocentesis is part of the standard of care of patients with preterm PROM at the participating institution. Amniotic fluid was immediately transported in a capped sterile syringe to the clinical laboratory where it was cultured for aerobic and anaerobic bacteria, and for genital mycoplasmas (Mycotrim® GU Triphasic Culture System, Irvine Scientific, Santa Ana, CA, USA), as described.32 (link) White blood cell (WBC) count46 (link) and Gram stain47 (link) of amniotic fluid were also performed shortly after collection using methods previously described. Shortly after the amniocentesis, amniotic fluid not required for clinical assessment was centrifuged at 1300 × g for 10 minutes at 4°C, and the supernatant was aliquoted into gamma-irradiated nonpyrogenic DNase/RNase-free cryovials (Corning, Acton, MA, USA), and immediately frozen at −70°C. Amniotic fluid interleukin-6 (IL-6) concentrations were determined using a specific and sensitive immunoassay which had been validated for amniotic fluid. IL-6 determinations were performed after all patients were delivered and were not used in clinical management.
DiGiulio D.B., Romero R., Kusanovic J.P., Gómez R., Kim C.J., Seok K., Gotsch F., Mazaki-Tovi S., Vaisbuch E., Sanders K., Bik E.M., Chaiworapongsa T., Oyarzún E, & Relman D.A. (2010). Prevalence and Diversity of Microbes in the Amniotic Fluid, the Fetal Inflammatory Response, and Pregnancy Outcome in Women with Preterm Prelabor Rupture of Membranes. American journal of reproductive immunology (New York, N.Y. : 1989), 64(1), 38-57.
Publication 2010
Amniocentesis Amnion Amniotic Fluid Bacteria, Aerobic Bacteria, Anaerobic Clinical Laboratory Services Dental Caries deoxyribonuclease gamma Deoxyribonucleases Fetal Development Freezing Gamma Rays Genitalia Immunoassay Interleukin-6 Leukocytes Lung Mycoplasmatales Patients Ribonucleases Sterility, Reproductive Syringes

Most recents protocols related to «Amniocentesis»

1
Prenatal Anomalies Screening Protocol
This study was approved by the medical ethics committee of Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital (Approval number: EC-KT-202210). All the participants provided written informed consent. All participants were recruited from the prenatal diagnosis center of Jiangxi Maternal and Child Health Hospital from June 2021 to March 2022. Inclusion criterion: Pregnant women who had an indication for amniocentesis, including structural anomalies and a positive result from maternal serum screening or non-invasive prenatal testing. Exclusion criteria: (1) abnormal karyotype or chromosomal microarray analysis results; gestational age beyond 140-154 days; (3) multiple pregnancies; (4) other risk factors for prenatal diagnoses. Finally, 294 participants were included and separated into the discovery (n= 137, from June 2021 to October 2021) and validation (n= 157, from November 2021 to March 2022) cohorts. Fetuses with structural anomalies were categorized into three phenotypic groups based on abnormalities in different organ systems detected by ultrasound, including cardiac, central nervous systems, and renal anomalies. The control group in this study included women with singleton pregnancies whose fetuses had no structural malformations, but who had indications for amniocentesis, including a positive result from maternal serum screening or non-invasive prenatal testing.
Yuan H., Liu C., Wang X., Huang T., Liu D., Huang S., Wu Z., Liu Y., Yin P, & Yang B. (2023). Association between aberrant amino acid metabolism and nonchromosomal modifications fetal structural anomalies: A cohort study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1072461.
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Publication 2023
Amniocentesis Central Nervous System Children's Health Chromosomes Congenital Abnormality Ethics Committees Fetal Anomalies Fetus Gestational Age Heart Intrauterine Diagnoses Kidney Microarray Analysis Mothers Phenotype Pregnancy Pregnant Women Serum Ultrasonics Woman
2
Amniotic Fluid and Blood Collection for Research
20-25 mL of AF and 3-5 mL of blood were obtained from the pregnant women at the time of amniocentesis. The AF was centrifuged at 1200 rpm for 10 min at 4°C, and the supernatant was collected. Blood was placed at 4°C for 1 h and centrifuged at 3000 rpm at 4°C for 10 min, and serum was collected from the upper layer. All samples were stored at -80°C before analysis, and their use for research was approved by the ethical committee. In the validation cohort, AF and blood samples were obtained from the same pregnant woman.
Yuan H., Liu C., Wang X., Huang T., Liu D., Huang S., Wu Z., Liu Y., Yin P, & Yang B. (2023). Association between aberrant amino acid metabolism and nonchromosomal modifications fetal structural anomalies: A cohort study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1072461.
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Publication 2023
Amniocentesis BLOOD Pregnant Women Serum
3
Preterm Infants Under 32 Weeks Study
Preterm infants under 32 weeks who were admitted to our hospital from January 2021 to August 2021 were selected as the research subjects (a total of 248 neonates under 32 weeks were admitted during the period). Inclusion criteria include (1) admission within 24 h after birth and (2) a gestational age score at birth of <32 weeks or a birth weight of <1500 g. Exclusion criteria include (1) the mother received an abnormal non-invasive DNA test or amniocentesis during her obstetric examination; (2) severe congenital malformations were suggested before birth; (3) imaging showed congenital pulmonary dysplasia, such as a congenital diaphragmatic hernia or isolated lung; or (4) corrected gestational age before 36 weeks of death. A total of 80 neonates were randomly enrolled. Treatment was ceased for three of these patients due to financial difficulties, and three died during treatment. The final sample size was 74.
The participants were divided into a BPD group (n=12) and a non-BPD group (n=62). The diagnostic criteria of BPD follow the consensus of the NICHD: children with a gestational age of <32 weeks should be diagnosed with BPD at 36 weeks of corrected gestational age or 28 days after birth (56 days at the latest). The diagnostic criterion includes any neonate who is oxygen-dependent [inspired oxygen concentration (FiO2) >21%] for more than 28 days5
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Xu J., Fu Y., Wang F., Zhou W., Chen L, & Liu L. (2023). The clinical value of lung ultrasound in premature infants with bronchopulmonary dysplasia. Revista da Associação Médica Brasileira, 69(2), 262-266.
Publication 2023
Amniocentesis Birth Birth Weight Child Congenital Abnormality Diagnosis Gestational Age Hernia, Congenital Diaphragmatic Infant, Newborn Lung Mothers Oxygen Patients Preterm Infant
4
First Trimester Prenatal Screening Protocol
The NT is routinely measured in gestational week 11 to 13 + 6, as part of the first trimester prenatal-screening. The Danish sonographers adhere to the protocol of the Fetal Medicine Foundation (3 ) for scanning the NT. The first-trimester prenatal screening for syndromes and congenital anomalies include; Double-test with blood tests for PAPP-A and beta-hCG in gestational week 8–14, NT-measurement in gestational week 11–14. A risk-score is calculated based on the values from the double-test and the nuchal translucency and the maternal age. If the risk is above 1:300 for trisomy 21 and above 1:150 for trisomy 18 and 13, further diagnostics are offered. These further diagnostics include chorionic villus sampling with chromosomal microarray/array-CGH or amniocentesis. Non-invasive prenatal testing can be offered as an alternative to the further diagnostics, but this is not implemented as a routine or stand-alone tool by the Danish Fetal Medicine Society. In second trimester, gestational week 20–22, pregnant women are also offered a free fetal ultrasound scan to detect any fetal malformations. Prenatal screening is offered to all pregnant women. The screening is free-of-charge as part of access to tax-funded public free healthcare and >90% of all pregnant women attend this.
The NT was divided into NT < 95th centile or NT ≥ 95th centile. This cut-off was chosen as the 95th centile denotes an “increased” nuchal translucency, and a NT above the 95th warrants further prenatal testing. The 99th centile (3.5 mm) was included in the NT ≥ 95th centile, as this contained too few patients to analyze. The NT centiles were calculated based on the crown-rump-length (CRL) at the first trimester scan using the method and model as by the Fetal Medicine Foundation (39 (link)).
Kristensen R., Omann C., Gaynor J.W., Rode L., Ekelund C.K, & Hjortdal V.E. (2023). Increased nuchal translucency in children with congenital heart defects and normal karyotype—is there a correlation with mortality?. Frontiers in Pediatrics, 11, 1104179.
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Publication 2023
Amniocentesis Chorionic Gonadotropin, beta Subunit, Human Chromosomes Congenital Abnormality Diagnosis Down Syndrome Fetal Malformations Fetal Ultrasonography Hematologic Tests Microarray Analysis Nuchal Translucency Patients Pregnancy Pregnancy-Associated Plasma Protein-A Pregnant Women Radionuclide Imaging Trisomy 18
5
Topic Modeling and Linguistic Analysis of Pregnancy Texts
Topic modeling was performed using Latent Dirichlet Allocation (LDA), an unsupervised machine learning method that clusters data points into a predetermined number of topics31 . The number of LDA topics, k, was selected by iterating across five splits of the training set and evaluating the resulting topics for predictive capacity on EPDS using LASSO. The k between 1 and 50 leading to best performance was used to run a new, final set of topics on the full dataset. The optimal k value was found to be 5 topics. Topic models, an unsupervised method, permit us to examine domain-specific patterns that may emerge in this text by pregnant people as distinct from general usage, and from the news media text used to train word2vec, by illustrating which less-common words frequently occur together in this body of text.
The Linguistic Inquiry and Word Count dictionary (LIWC-22) was used to count the number of occurrences of 119 themes, grammatical features, and positive and negative affect within each text entry29 (link). In addition to 117 LIWC-22 themes, two additional themes were manually created to capture domain-specific content. A COVID-19 theme included terminology related to the global health crisis, such as “mask”, “booster”, and “pandemic”. A second theme was created for pregnancy-specific health, which captured pregnancy terminology not fully captured in pre-existing LIWC categories. This theme included common pregnancy-related symptoms, such as “heartburn” and “contractions,” as well as words that are specific to healthcare services provided in pregnancy, e.g., “doula” or “amniocentesis.” In contrast to the other NLP methods, LIWC was used on un-processed text entries to ensure the capture of pronouns, conjunctions, and other function words.
Krishnamurti T., Allen K., Hayani L., Rodriguez S., Rothenberger S., Moses-Kolko E, & Simhan H. (2023). Using natural language from a smartphone pregnancy app to identify maternal depression. Research Square.
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Publication Preprint 2023
Amniocentesis COVID 19 Doulas Heartburn Human Body Pandemics Pregnancy Prognosis Secondary Immunization

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More about "Amniocentesis"

Amniocentesis is a crucial prenatal diagnostic procedure that involves the extraction and analysis of amniotic fluid from the uterus.
This minimally invasive technique is commonly used to detect genetic disorders, chromosomal abnormalities, and other fetal conditions.
The process involves carefully inserting a thin needle through the abdomen and into the amniotic sac to collect a sample of the fluid, typically performed between the 15th and 20th weeks of pregnancy.
Accurate and reproducible amniocentesis procedures are essential for ensuring the best possible outcomes for both the mother and the child.
Leveraging advanced tools like the QIAamp DNA Mini Kit and QIAamp DNA Blood Mini Kit, researchers can efficiently extract and purify DNA from the amniotic fluid samples.
Additionally, the use of MACS technology for cell separation and the CytoScan 750K array for comprehensive chromosomal analysis can provide invaluable insights into the fetal genome.
To further optimize the amniocentesis process, the incorporation of L-glutamine, Penicillin, and Streptomycin can help maintain the viability and integrity of the collected cells.
The GSL-120 Streamlines Cytogenetic Analysis System can also streamline the cytogenetic analysis, ensuring reliable and reproducible results.
By combining these cutting-edge technologies and techniques, healthcare providers can enhance the accuracy and reproducibility of amniocentesis procedures, ultimately leading to better outcomes for expectant mothers and their unborn children.