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Breath Tests

Breath Tests are non-invasive diagnostic procedures that analyze the composition of exhaled breath to detect and monitor various health conditions.
These tests leverage the body's natural metabolic processes, which can release volatile organic compounds (VOCs) that are then expelled through the lungs.
By analyzing the presence and concentrations of these VOCs, clinicians and researchers can gain insight into a person's physiology and identify potential biomarkers for diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, and diabetes.
Breath Tests offer a convenient and patient-friendly alternative to more invasive sampling methods, making them an increasingly valuable tool in modern medical and research settings.
PubCompare.ai revolutionizes this field by provideing AI-driven comparison and optimization capabilities to help locate the best breath test protocols and products for your specific needs, streamlining the research process and driving advancements in this exciting area of diagnostic technology.

Most cited protocols related to «Breath Tests»

The process for the development of the consensus statements is outlined in Figure 1. Specific topics for discussion including indications for breath testing, the preparation and performance of the test, and the interpretation of the results were identified on the basis of literature reviews. Pre-meeting survey questions (Supplementary Information S1 online) were designed to further delineate the current knowledge gaps in breath testing and were sent to the consensus group members. The survey results were collated and summarized prior to the consensus meeting.
Selection of the physician-scientists for this meeting were based on a number of criteria. First, was to be sure that attendees represented those with active and recent research in the area of breath testing research. This involved a literature search to understand those in North America with active publications in the area. Many of these included physicians from major academic motility programs. The second was to also have representation from clinician scientists from high volume breath testing referral centers to ensure those with a vast experience in the use and interpretation of breath tests. The third was to ensure representation from various regions in the US as well as Mexico and Canada. An email was sent to those meeting these criteria. A total of 17 clinician scientists from North America were invited to participate in the survey and attend the consensus meeting, of whom 10 were able to attend the meeting in person. The half day meeting was held on 16 May 2015 in Washington, DC. At the consensus group meeting, results of the survey and comprehensive literature review were presented for discussion among the group members.
Distinct topics of discussion included indications, preparation, performance, interpretations of results, and future directions in breath testing. Based on the results of these discussions, a series of draft consensus statements was compiled and sent to committee members for online voting using SurveyMonkey (SurveyMonkey, Palo Alto, CA) with revision as necessary. Using a modified Delphi process (19 (link), 20 (link)), group members anonymously voted on their level of agreement with each statement on a scale of 1–3 (disagree, uncertain and agree, respectively). A statement was accepted if >70% of participants voted 3 (agree), and it was rejected if >50% of participants voted 1 (disagree). If neither of these criteria were reached, it was stated that “a firm position statement could not be reached due to lack of conclusive data”. The strength of recommendation for each statement was assigned by the consensus group as either strong (“we recommend...”) or weak (“we suggest...”). The strength of each statement was based on resource and cost benefit, patients' values, risk/benefit balance and quality of evidence. The quality of evidence for each consensus statement was classified as high (⊕⊕⊕⊕), moderate (⊕⊕⊕⊕), low (⊕⊕⊙̇), or very low (⊕⊙⊙⊙) based on Grading of Recommendations, Assessment, Development and Evaluations (GRADE) system (21 (link)). The manuscript was circulated to all group members for review, revisions and approval.
Publication 2017
ARID1A protein, human Breath Tests Committee Members Debility Motility, Cell Patients Physicians
Interested smokers phoned a central research office, where they completed a telephone screen to determine eligibility. Participants who passed the telephone screen were invited to an informational session where they provided written informed consent. Next, participants completed three in-person baseline sessions. During the first baseline session, participants underwent further screening including collection of relevant medical history information, vital signs measurements, and a carbon monoxide (CO) breath test. Additionally, at this visit, participants completed several demographic, smoking history, and tobacco dependence questionnaires.
After additional medical assessments at two more baseline sessions (e.g., brachial artery reactivity, carotid intima media thickness, and small particle lipoprotein testing), participants were randomized to one of six treatment conditions: 1) Bupropion SR (150 mg, bid for 9 weeks total: 1week pre-quit and 8 weeks post-quit); 2) Nicotine Lozenge (2 or 4 mg, based on appropriate dose for dependence level per package instructions, for 12 weeks post-quit); 3) Nicotine Patch (24-hour patch; 21, 14, and 7mg; titrated down over 8 weeks post-quit); 4) Nicotine Patch (24-hour patch; 21, 14, and 7mg; titrated down over 8 weeks post-quit) + Nicotine Lozenge (2 or 4 mg, based on appropriate dose for dependence level per package instructions, for 12 weeks post-quit) combination therapy; 5) Bupropion SR (150 mg, bid for 9 weeks total: 1week pre-quit and 8 weeks post-quit) + Nicotine Lozenge (2 or 4 mg, based on appropriate dose for dependence level per package instructions, for 12 weeks post-quit) combination therapy; or 6) Placebo. It should be noted that “pre-quit” and “post-quit” in this manuscript refer, respectively, to the periods of time prior to and following a patient’s targeted quit date. There were five distinct placebo conditions, matched to each of the active treatment conditions (i.e., placebo bupropion, placebo lozenge, placebo patch, placebo patch + lozenge and placebo bupropion + lozenge; see Figure 2). Participants received study medication at each study visit and returned any unused medication at the following visit. Randomization was double-blind and used a blocked randomization scheme with gender and self-reported race (white/non-white) as the blocking variables. Staff did not know to which type(s) of medication (i.e., patch, pill, and/or lozenge) a participant would be assigned until the moment of randomization, and study staff were blinded to whether the medication was active or placebo. In addition to pharmacotherapy, all participants received six one-on-one counseling sessions based upon the PHS Guideline.1 Study staff who provided counseling and conducted study sessions were bachelor-level trained case managers, supervised by a licensed clinical psychologist. Sessions lasted 10–20 minutes and occurred over 7 weeks with the first two counseling sessions occurring prior to quitting and the subsequent five occurring on the quit date or thereafter (see Figure 1). The last baseline visit, where randomization occurred and medication was dispensed, took place between 8 and 15 days pre-quit to ensure the bupropion up-titration schedule could be completed. Participants were instructed to start medications on the designated quit date, except for bupropion SR, which they were instructed to initiate 1 week prior to the quit date as per the package insert instructions. Participants had study visits on their quit day, and at 1-, 2-, 4- and 8-weeks post-quit. At study visits, vital signs, adverse events and smoking status were all recorded.
Publication 2009
Brachial Artery Breath Tests Bupropion Carotid Intima-Media Thickness Case Manager Combined Modality Therapy Contraceptives, Oral Eligibility Determination Gender Lipoproteins Medical History Taking Monoxide, Carbon Nicotine Lozenge Nicotine Transdermal Patch Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pharmacotherapy Placebos Psychologist PTGS1 protein, human Signs, Vital Titrimetry Tobacco Dependence

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Publication 2013
Body Weight Breath Tests Exhaling Fentanyl Humidity Inhalation Nose Plethysmography Plethysmography, Whole Body Rattus norvegicus Saline Solution Tidal Volume
The study included a randomised between-subjects design. Participants were randomised to either passive exposure to combustible cigarette use (n=30; 13 female) or e-cigarette use (n=30; 13 female). Study candidates were recruited by online advertisements for a 2 h study described as ‘assessing mood response following exposure to common tasks and social interactions’ (see online supplementary appendix for details). This general description was chosen to reduce expectancy of cigarette and e-cigarette exposure. Inclusion criteria were age between 18 and 35 years, daily smoking of 5–18 cigarettes per day, not having any major medical or psychiatric disorders excluding nicotine dependence, and not currently trying to quit smoking. Candidates (N=69) arrived between 10:00 and 15:00 h, completed informed consent and underwent screening that included interviews and surveys on background characteristics, the Fagerström Test for Nicotine Dependence (FTND)17 (link) and a modified non-patient version of the Structured Clinical Interview for DSM-IV.18 Abstinence from alcohol and recreational drugs was required for at least 24 h prior to the study, and an alcohol breath test was used to verify current sobriety (0.000 mg%). Smoking abstinence for at least 2 h prior to arrival was also required and verified by an expired air carbon monoxide reading of ≤15 ppm.
Eligible participants (60/69; 88%) were informed that the 1 h study session would immediately follow the screening and would include completing computerised surveys before and after engaging in two randomly assigned tasks for 5 min, separated by a 10 min break. The tasks were described as engaging with a second participant in conversation, viewing pictures, eating food, drinking a beverage or smoking. In fact, task selection at both intervals was predetermined for the study participant to engage in conversation with another participant and choose the topic from the list provided, that is, talk about the weather, pets, places to eat, movies and television, local landmarks or vacations. In addition, the other participant was a study confederate predetermined to drink water for his/her first task (ie, control cue) and then to smoke either an e-cigarette that is visually similar to a regular cigarette (NJOY King) or a combustible cigarette (American Spirit or Benson and Hedges) (ie, active cues) for the second task. After each cue, participants completed the digit symbol substitution task19 to maintain concentration and mask the focus of the study. Upon study completion, each participant was debriefed and paid US$30. The study was approved by the University of Chicago Institutional Review Board.
Videotapes of the exchange between the confederates (one female and one male, ages 21 and 24 years, respectively) and the participants were later scored by two independent raters to ascertain the quality of the interactions using the Two-Dimensional Social Interaction Scale.20 (link) Results showed no differences in participant–confederate interactions in the e-cigarette versus combustible cigarette cue groups (ps≥0.16).
Measures were given at baseline (time 0), following the control cue (15 min) and following the randomised active cue (35 and 50 min). The main dependent measures were two visual analogue scale (VAS) items for Desire to smoke an electronic cigarette and Desire to smoke a regular cigarette (your preferred brand) anchored from ‘not at all’ (0) to ‘most ever’ (100)21 (link) and the Brief Questionnaire of Smoking Urges (BQSU)22 (link) with 10 items rated from 1 (strongly disagree) to 7 (strongly agree) and summed for a total score.22 (link) Additional VAS items were included to mask the focus on smoking (see online supplementary appendix for details). Data were analysed by 2 group (active cue type)×4 time (0, 15, 35, 50 min) analyses of variance. Significant main effects or interactions were analysed by simple effects tests.
Publication 2014
Beverages Breath Tests Ethanol Ethics Committees, Research Females Fingers Food Males Mental Disorders Monoxide, Carbon Mood Nicotine Dependence Patients Pets Recreational Drugs Smoke Speech Visual Analog Pain Scale
Measurement of the serum anti-H. pylori antibody titer is a noninvasive, inexpensive, and readily available method for detection of H. pylori infection. Histology, culture, polymerase chain reaction (PCR), and the rapid urease test all require biopsy and/or collection of specimens by endoscopy, an invasive technique that is not suitable for mass screening [9 (link), 10 (link)]. The urea breath test and stool antigen test are regarded as noninvasive tests, but the results of both methods are significantly affected by proton pump inhibitor therapy [11 (link)–13 (link)]. However, validated serology tests can be used even in patients being treated with proton pump inhibitors.
H. pylori strains possessing the cytotoxin-associated gene A (CagA) protein, a well-known virulence factor, cause more extensive inflammation and severe atrophy in gastric mucosa than nonproducers [14 (link), 15 (link)]. However, there is still controversy regarding the significance of CagA serology, especially in East Asia, where most strains of H. pylori are CagA producers [16 (link)–19 (link)]. Therefore, gastric cancer screening is usually performed using the H. pylori antibody titer alone, except in limited areas [20 (link)].
Burucoa et al. [21 (link)] investigated the accuracy of 29 different serological tests and reported positive and negative predictive values of 70% and 100%, respectively. In general, better performance in serological screening depends on the use of the appropriate antigens and adjustment of cut-off values [22 (link)]. These considerations are among the disadvantages of using serum H. pylori antibody as a screening test for gastric cancer. Another disadvantage of using H. pylori antibody is that serology alone presents a challenge in distinguishing past and current infections [23 (link)]. The use of serology to identify posteradicated cases is considered later in this review.
Publication 2015
Antibodies, Anti-Idiotypic Antigens Atrophy Biopsy Breath Tests Cytotoxin Endoscopy Fecal Occult Blood Test Gastric Cancer Gastritis, Atrophic Gene Products, Protein Genes Helicobacter pylori Immunoglobulins Infection Inflammation Mucosa, Gastric Mucous Membrane Patients Polymerase Chain Reaction Proton Pump Inhibitors Serum Specimen Collection Stomach Strains Tests, Serologic Therapeutics Urea Urease Virulence Factors

Most recents protocols related to «Breath Tests»

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Example 13

A group of adult subjects who presents one or more symptoms such as abdominal bloating, flatulence, pain, distension, diarrhea and nausea within 2 to 8 hours after drinking a beverage containing 25 g fructose is administered an oral dose of the preparation of the invention prior to the fructose provocation. During the following 8 hours, multiple tests are performed including breath test and blood fructose concentration evaluation. It is observed that the administration of the preparation of the invention decreases the production of hydrogen gas in the respiratory air and it levels off blood fructose level rapidly. These data confirm that preparation of the invention can efficiently detoxify fructose.

Patent 2024
Abdomen Adult Beverages BLOOD Breath Tests Diarrhea Diet Flatulence Fructose Hydrogen Nausea Pain Respiratory Rate
We conducted a cross-sectional study from 1 March 2020 to 31 March 2021 at The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen. The study was approved by the Ethics Committee of The Third People's Hospital of Shenzhen (number: 2020-012). Written informed consent was obtained from all participants.
The total participants consisted of a case group and a control group. For the case group, confirmed PTB patients were prospectively and consecutively recruited based on the following criteria: (1) aged 18–70 years old; (2) diagnosed by Xpert and/or culture, with suggestive clinical and radiological findings; (3) anti-TB treatment not initiated or started less than 2 weeks. The control group consists of two parts: healthy controls with no pulmonary diseases (HC) and patients with pulmonary diseases (unhealthy controls, UHC) which could be noninfectious diseases or infectious diseases other than PTB. HCs were simultaneously recruited and underwent a physical examination with the following criteria: (1) aged 18–70 years old; (2) no respiratory symptoms (e.g., cough, sputum, hemoptysis, shortness of breath, dyspnea, or chest pain); (3) no pulmonary lesions by chest imaging (chest X-ray or computed tomography). For UHC, they should: (1) aged 18–70 years old; (2) have pathogenic confirmed infectious diseases or treatment response suggestive of pulmonary infectious diseases, or have chronic noninfectious diseases, without evidence of infection. Both the case group and the control group would be excluded if the airbag leaked or were unable to take enough breath volume. The participant enrollment flow is illustrated in Fig. 1a. A total of 518 PTB patients and 887 controls with 77 UHC and 810 HC were enrolled in this study.

The flow of participants enrollment and PTB detection model construction and test

The physicians were responsible for making a clinical diagnosis and for the collection of the breath samples. The other researchers performed the VOCs detection and ML modeling and were blinded to clinical data and other test results. Additionally, the physicians were also blinded to the breath test results. The demographic and clinical characteristics of all participants were collected and summarized in Table 1, including age, sex, and antituberculosis therapy.

Demographic characteristics of participants

Discovery data setTest data set
PTB (N = 361)Control (N = 614)p-valuePTB (N = 157)Control (N = 273)p-value
Age
 Median (min.–max.)36 (18–70)28 (18–69) < 0.00132 (18–70)28 (18–70) < 0.001
  < 30 (%)115 (31.9)345 (56.2)0.00864 (40.8)169 (61.9)0.258
  ≥ 30 (%)246 (68.1)269 (43.8) < 0.00193 (59.2)104 (38.1)0.009
Sex
 Male (%)223 (61.8)325 (52.9)0.009101 (64.3)142 (52.0)0.004
 Female (%)138 (38.2)289 (47.1)56 (35.7)131 (48.0)

Bold p-value shows that there are significant differences between PTB and controls

Publication 2023
Breath Tests Chest Chest Pain Communicable Diseases Cough Diagnosis Disease, Chronic Dyspnea Ethics Committees, Clinical Hemoptysis Infection Lung Lung Diseases Males Noncommunicable Diseases pathogenesis Patients Physical Examination Physicians Radiography, Thoracic Signs and Symptoms, Respiratory Specimen Collection Sputum Therapeutics Woman X-Ray Computed Tomography X-Rays, Diagnostic
The primary therapeutic modalities were determined using the Lugano and Paris staging system (Online Resource 1) and the HPI status. H. pylori eradication was performed in all patients with HPI and localized stage gastric MALT lymphoma. For first-line eradication therapy, a proton pump inhibitor (PPI)-based triple therapy regimen was administered for 2 weeks: PPI (standard dose twice a day), clarithromycin (0.5 g twice a day), and amoxicillin (1 g twice a day). 13C urea breath tests were performed in all patients for 3 months or at least 8 weeks after treatment completion, and at least 2 weeks after PPI withdrawal to confirm HPI eradication. For patients who failed first-line triple therapy, a second-line quadruple-therapy regimen consisting of PPI (standard dose twice a day), tripotassium dicitrato bismuthate (300 mg four times a day), metronidazole (500 mg thrice a day), and tetracycline (500 mg four times a day) was administered for 1–2 weeks.
Patients received radiotherapy, chemotherapy, or chemoradiotherapy if they did not achieve lymphoma regression following first- and second-line HPI eradication therapy, or were at the localized stage without initial HPI, or had advanced-stage gastric MALT lymphoma. For radiotherapy, the clinical target volume included the entire stomach and regional lymph nodes and was prescribed as 30.6 Gy over 17 fractions on the stomach [20 (link)]. The internal target volume (ITV) and planning target volume were set using the motion information obtained from the 4-dimensional CT for assessment of breathing motions and defined as an expansion of 5 mm from the ITV considering the set-up error of the patient [20 (link)]. Patients with the involvement of ≥ 2 organs were excluded from radiotherapy. The R-CVP was the primary systemic chemotherapy regimen, consisting of rituximab 375 mg/m2, cyclophosphamide 750 mg/m2, and vincristine 1.4 mg/m2 on day 1, and prednisolone 60 mg/m2 on days 1–5 every 21 days. Localized stage lesions involving small-sized mucosal layers in patients with initial HPI-negative findings could be selectively treated by endoscopic mucosal resection (EMR) and close observation. In the case of chemoradiotherapy, we only used additional radiotherapy for consolidation purposes after chemotherapy by the physicians’ decision. To investigate the side effects of each treatment modality, we reviewed the medical records following the National Cancer Institute’s Common Terminology Criteria for Adverse Events version 5.0.
Publication 2023
Aftercare Amoxicillin bismuth subcitrate Breath Tests Chemoradiotherapy Clarithromycin Cyclophosphamide Gastric lymphoma Helicobacter pylori Lymphoma Metronidazole Mucous Membrane Nodes, Lymph Patient Participation Patients Pharmacotherapy Physicians Prednisolone Proton Pump Inhibitors Radiotherapy Resection, Endoscopic Mucosal Rituximab Stomach Tetracycline Treatment Protocols Urea Vincristine

H. pylori infection was diagnosed by histopathological examination, urea breath test (UBT), fecal HP antigen test (SAT), or rapid urease test; the age was less than 18 years old; there was no restriction in race, sex, and course of disease; patients had no other serious gastrointestinal diseases; the subjects did not use related antibiotics to treat other diseases at the same time.
Publication 2023
Antibiotics Antigens Breath Tests Disease Progression Fecal Occult Blood Test Gastrointestinal Diseases Helicobacter pylori Infection Patients Urea Urease
A professional researcher reviewed patients’ electronic medical records and extracted the following data which contained demographic data and perioperative factors. The demographic variables included age, BMI, obesity-related comorbidity [type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM), hyperlipidemia (HLP), hypertension], and smoking status. Operational details were collected, mainly including duration of surgery, the use of prophylactic antiemetics and anesthesia methods. We used the C13 breath test to detect HP infection.
In our department, the same team performed one standardized questionnaire to all patients. By this way, we acquired the information including PONV score, pain level, alcohol consumption, and smoking status. PONV severity was assessed using the total VAS scores at 6h and 24h after the operation. A higher score indicated more severe nausea and vomiting (31 (link)). Pain status was scored with a VAS at 6h and 24h post-operation (32 (link)). The alcohol consumption level was quantified before operation using the Alcohol Use Disorders Identification Test (AUDIT) recommended by the World Health Organization. The AUDIT score could be classified into four risk levels: 0 point as a non-drinker; 1-7 points as low risk, 8-15 points as a moderate risk; 16-19 points as high risk; 20 and above as alcohol dependence (33 (link)). Smoking status was expressed by the Brinkman index (BI), which is the number of years of smoking multiplied by the number of cigarettes smoked per day. BI results could be divided into four sequential groups: non-smokers as 0; mild smokers as 1-200; moderate smokers as 200-400; and heavy smokers as > 400 (34 (link)).
Publication 2023
Alcoholic Intoxication, Chronic Alcohol Use Disorder Anesthesia Antiemetics argipressin, Asu(1,6)- Breath Tests Condoms Diabetes Mellitus, Non-Insulin-Dependent High Blood Pressures Hyperlipidemia Infection Nausea Non-Smokers Obesity Pain Patients Postoperative Nausea and Vomiting

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The Quark CPET is a lab equipment product that provides cardiopulmonary exercise testing (CPET) functionality. It is designed to measure and analyze respiratory and metabolic parameters during physical exercise.
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The E plate Eiken H. pylori antibody is a laboratory equipment product designed for the detection of Helicobacter pylori antibodies. It serves as a tool for serological testing, providing a means to assess the presence of these specific antibodies in samples.
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The E-plate is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Eiken Chemical. It is designed for general laboratory use. The core function of the E-plate is to provide a surface for conducting experiments or analyses.
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The Excalibur is a stationary bicycle ergometer designed for laboratory testing. It provides precise control over resistance and workload, allowing for accurate measurement and evaluation of an individual's physical performance and cardiovascular response during exercise.
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13C-octanoic acid is a stable isotope-labeled compound. It is a carboxylic acid with an eight-carbon chain and a 13C label at the carboxyl carbon. This compound is used as a tracer in various analytical and research applications.
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The GIF-H260 is a high-performance laboratory equipment designed for general-purpose applications. It features a compact and durable construction, offering reliable performance. The device's core function is to provide a stable and controlled environment for various laboratory procedures.
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More about "Breath Tests"

Breath analysis, exhaled breath testing, volatile organic compound (VOC) detection, metabolic profiling, non-invasive diagnostics, respiratory biomarkers, asthma diagnosis, lung cancer screening, diabetes monitoring, physiological insights, Quark CPET, Corival, MetaMax 3B, TrueOne 2400, E plate Eiken H. pylori antibody, E-plate, Excalibur, 13C-octanoic acid, GIF-H260, CardioSoft.
Breath tests are a growing field in modern medicine and research, offering a convenient and patient-friendly alternative to more invasive sampling methods.
These tests analyze the composition of exhaled breath to detect and monitor various health conditions, leveraging the body's natural metabolic processes and the release of volatile organic compounds (VOCs).
By examining the presence and concentrations of these VOCs, clinicians and researchers can gain valuable insights into a person's physiology and identify potential biomarkers for diseases such as asthma, lung cancer, and diabetes.
PubCompare.ai is revolutionizing this field by providing AI-driven comparison and optimization capabilities to help locate the best breath test protocols and products for your specific needs, streamlining the research process and driving advancements in this exciting area of diagnostic technology.
Discover how PubCompare.ai can enhance your breath test research and unlock new possibilities in non-invasive diagnostics.