A total of 2,914 CE examinations were enrolled in the capsule registry from October 2002 to September 2012. CEs were performed at 24 hospitals across Korea. Information including age, gender, reasons for CE, CE findings (small bowel lesions), CE diagnosis, method and quality of bowel preparation, complete examination, and retention was gathered by an Internet web site. Various CE instruments (PillCam SB1 and SB2, Given Imaging, Yokneam, Israel; MiroCam, IntroMedic Co., Ltd., Seoul, Korea; EndoCapsule, Olympus, Tokyo, Japan) were used.
The reasons for CE included OGIB, unexplained abdominal pain, chronic diarrhea, Crohn's disease, small bowel tumor, ulcerative colitis, Behcet's disease, ischemic enteritis, unknown origin of weight loss, cancer, and protein losing enteropathy. OGIB was defined as bleeding of unknown origin that persisted or recurred after an initial upper and lower gastrointestinal endoscopy with negative findings. In addition to cases of melena or hematochezia, persistent iron deficiency anemia or positive stool occult blood with negative findings on the initial endoscopy were also considered OGIB. CE findings and diagnoses were described based upon capsule endoscopy structured terminology.
Before the CE study, each patient received bowel preparation according to clinician preference. The various methods of bowel preparation included nothing
per os (NPO) for 12 hours or use of purgative agents such as 2 or 4 L sodium phosphate (NaP) or polyethylene glycol (PEG) conducted in each hospital. Independent examiners categorized the quality of bowel preparation for CE. The quality the preparations were categorized as follows: excellent, visualization of ≥90% of the mucosa, no or minimal fluid, debris, and bubbles (
Fig. 1A); good, visualization of ≥90% of the mucosa, mild fluid, debris, and bubbles (
Fig. 1B); fair, visualization of <90% of the mucosa, moderate fluid, debris, and bubbles (
Fig. 1C); poor, visualization of <80% of the mucosa, excessive fluid, debris, and bubbles (
Fig. 1D).9 (
link)10 (
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The overall incomplete and retention rates as well as the factors affecting completion and CE retention were investigated. Completion was defined as the capsule reaching the cecum during the recording time. Capsule retention was defined as the capsule remaining in the digestive tract for more than 2 weeks.
Lim Y.J., Lee O.Y., Jeen Y.T., Lim C.Y., Cheung D.Y., Cheon J.H., Ye B.D., Song H.J., Kim J.S., Do J.H., Lee K.J., Shim K.N., Chang D.K., Park C.H., Jang B.I., Moon J.S., Chun H.J., Choi M.G, & Kim J.O. (2015). Indications for Detection, Completion, and Retention Rates of Small Bowel Capsule Endoscopy Based on the 10-Year Data from the Korean Capsule Endoscopy Registry. Clinical Endoscopy, 48(5), 399-404.