Eligible patients were 18 years of age or older and had normal sinus rhythm, no contraindication to warfarin therapy, and an LVEF of 35% or less as assessed by quantitative echocardiography (or a wall-motion index of ≤1.2) or as assessed by radionuclide or contrast ventriculography within 3 months before randomization. Patients who had a clear indication for warfarin or aspirin were not eligible. Patients in any New York Heart Association (NYHA) functional class were eligible, but patients in NYHA class I could account for no more than 20% of the total number of patients undergoing randomization. Additional eligibility criteria were a modified Rankin score of 4 or less (on a scale of 0 to 6, with higher scores indicating more severe disability), and planned treatment with a beta-blocker, an angiotensin-converting–enzyme (ACE) inhibitor (or, if the side-effect profile with ACE inhibitors was unacceptable, with an angiotensin-receptor blocker), or hydralazine and nitrates. Patients were ineligible if they had a condition that conferred a high risk of cardiac embolism, such as atrial fibrillation, a mechanical cardiac valve, endocarditis, or an intracardiac mobile or pedunculated thrombus.
Homma S., Thompson J.L., Pullicino P.M., Levin B., Freudenberger R.S., Teerlink J.R., Ammon S.E., Graham S., Sacco R.L., Mann D.L., Mohr J.P., Massie B.M., Labovitz A.J., Anker S.D., Lok D.J., Ponikowski P., Estol C.J., Lip G.Y., Di Tullio M.R., Sanford A.R., Mejia V., Gabriel A.P., del Valle M.L, & Buchsbaum R. (2012). Warfarin and Aspirin in Patients with Heart Failure and Sinus Rhythm. The New England journal of medicine, 366(20), 1859-1869.