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Colonoscopy

Colonoscopy is a medical procedure in which a long, flexible tube with a tiny camera on the end is inserted through the rectum to examine the entire colon.
This diagnostic test allows doctors to detect and remove precancerous polyps, as well as diagnose conditions such as inflammatory bowel disease, bleeding, and cancer.
Colonoscopy is an important tool in preventive health care, as it can help identify and treat colorectal cancer early, when it is most treatable.
Patients typically receive sedation during the procedure to ensure comfort and compliance.
Routine colonoscopy screening is recommended for adults aged 45 and older to maintain colorectal health.

Most cited protocols related to «Colonoscopy»

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Publication 2009
Bohring syndrome Cecum Colon Colon, Ascending Colon, Descending Colonoscopy Endoscopy Feces Intestines Left Colic Flexure Mucous Membrane Rectum Sigmoid Colon Transverse Colon Vision
All tumor samples for the current study were obtained through the TCGA Biospecimen Core Resource (BCR) as described previously6 (link). No other selection criteria other than availability were applied for this study. Patient-derived xenograft tumors from established Basal and Luminal-B breast cancer intrinsic subtypes 37 (link), 38 (link) were raised subcutaneously in 8 week old NOD.Cg-Prkdcscid Il2rgtm1Wjl/SzJ mice (Jackson Labs, Bar Harbor, Maine) as previously described39 (link), 40 (link). Normal colon biopsies were obtained from screening colonoscopies performed between July 2006 and October 2010 under Vanderbilt University IRB approval #061096.
Tissue proteins were extracted and tryptic peptide digests were analyzed by multidimensional liquid chromatography-tandem mass spectrometry. Xenograft QC samples were run after every 5 colorectal tumor samples. Raw data were processed for peptide identification by database and spectral library searching and identified peptides were assembled as proteins and mapped to gene identifiers for proteogenomic comparisons. Quantitative proteomic comparisons were based on spectral count data. Detailed descriptions of the samples, LC-MS/MS analysis, and data analysis methods can be found in Supplementary Methods. All of the primary mass spectrometry data on TCGA tumor samples are deposited at the CPTAC Data Coordinating Center as raw and mzML files and complete protein assembly datasets for public access (https://cptac-data-portal.georgetown.edu).
Publication 2014
Biopsy Breast Carcinoma cDNA Library Colon Colonoscopy Colorectal Neoplasms Heterografts Liquid Chromatography Mass Spectrometry Mice, Inbred NOD Neoplasms Patients Peptides Phenobarbital Proteins Tandem Mass Spectrometry Tissues Trypsin
After quality control (QC), this study included whole-genome sequencing (WGS) data for 1,439 colorectal cancer (CRC) cases and 720 controls from 5 studies, and GWAS array data for 58,131 CRC or advanced adenoma cases (3,674; 6.3% of cases) and 67,347 controls from 45 studies from GECCO, CORECT, and CCFR. The Stage 1 meta-analysis comprised existing genotyping data from 30 studies that were included in previously published CRC GWAS13 (link),18 (link),22 (link). After QC, the Stage 1 meta-analysis included 34,869 cases and 29,051 controls. Study participants were predominantly of European ancestry (31,843 cases and 26,783 controls; 91.7% of participants). Because it was shown previously that the vast majority of known CRC risk variants are shared between Europeans and East Asians17 (link), we included 3,026 cases and 2,268 controls of East Asian ancestry to increase power for discovery. The Stage 2 meta-analysis comprised newly generated genotype data involving 4 genotyping projects and 22 studies. After QC, the Stage 2 meta-analysis included 23,262 cases and 38,296 controls, all of European ancestry. Studies, sample selection, and matching are described in the Supplementary Text. Supplementary Table 1 provides details on sample numbers, and demographic characteristics of study participants. All participants provided written informed consent, and each study was approved by the relevant research ethics committee or institutional review board. Four normal colon mucosa biopsies for ATAC-seq were obtained from patients with a normal colon at colonoscopy at the Institut d’Investigació Biomèdica de Bellvitge (IDIBELL), Spain. Patients signed informed consent, and the protocol was approved by the Bellvitge Hospital Ethics Committee (Colscreen protocol PR084/16).
Publication 2018
Adenoma Asian Persons ATAC-Seq Biopsy Colon Colonoscopy Colorectal Carcinoma East Asian People Ethics Committees, Clinical Ethics Committees, Research Europeans Genome-Wide Association Study Malignant Neoplasms Mucous Membrane Patients

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Publication 2009
Colonoscopes Colonoscopy Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal Intestines Nurses Polyps

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Publication 2009
Colonoscopes Colonoscopy Polyps

Most recents protocols related to «Colonoscopy»

Example 12

As a proof of concept, the patient population of this study is patients that (1) have moderate to severe ulcerative colitis, regardless of extent, and (2) have had an insufficient response to a previous treatment, e.g., a conventional therapy (e.g., 5-ASA, corticosteroid, and/or immunosuppressant) or a FDA-approved treatment. In this placebo-controlled eight-week study, patients are randomized. All patient undergo a colonoscopy at the start of the study (baseline) and at week 8. Patients enrolled in the study are assessed for clinical status of disease by stool frequency, rectal bleeding, abdominal pain, physician's global assessment, and biomarker levels such as fecal calprotectin and hsCRP. The primary endpoint is a shift in endoscopy scores from Baseline to Week 8. Secondary and exploratory endpoints include safety and tolerability, change in rectal bleeding score, change in abdominal pain score, change in stool frequency, change in partial Mayo score, change in Mayo score, proportion of subjects achieving endoscopy remission, proportion of subjects achieving clinical remission, change in histology score, change in biomarkers of disease such as fecal calprotectin and hsCRP, level of adalimumab in the blood/tissue/stool, change in cytokine levels (e.g., TNFα, IL-6) in the blood and tissue.

FIG. 72 describes an exemplary process of what would occur in clinical practice, and when, where, and how the ingestible device will be used. Briefly, a patient displays symptoms of ulcerative colitis, including but not limited to: diarrhea, bloody stool, abdominal pain, high c-reactive protein (CRP), and/or high fecal calprotectin. A patient may or may not have undergone a colonoscopy with diagnosis of ulcerative colitis at this time. The patient's primary care physician refers the patient. The patient undergoes a colonoscopy with a biopsy, CT scan, and/or MRI. Based on this testing, the patient is diagnosed with ulcerative colitis. Most patients are diagnosed with ulcerative colitis by colonoscopy with biopsy. The severity based on clinical symptoms and endoscopic appearance, and the extent, based on the area of involvement on colonoscopy with or without CT/MRI is documented. Treatment is determined based on diagnosis, severity and extent.

For example, treatment for a patient that is diagnosed with ulcerative colitis is an ingestible device programmed to release a single bolus of a therapeutic agent, e.g., 40 mg adalimumab, in the cecum or proximal to the cecum. Prior to administration of the treatment, the patient is fasted overnight and is allowed to drink clear fluids. Four hours after swallowing the ingestible device, the patient can resume a normal diet. An ingestible device is swallowed at the same time each day. The ingestible device is not recovered.

In some embodiments, there may be two different ingestible devices: one including an induction dose (first 8 to 12 weeks) and a different ingestible device including a different dose or a different dosing interval.

In some examples, the ingestible device can include a mapping tool, which can be used after 8 to 12 weeks of induction therapy, to assess the response status (e.g., based on one or more of the following: drug level, drug antibody level, biomarker level, and mucosal healing status). Depending on the response status determined by the mapping tool, a subject may continue to receive an induction regimen or maintenance regimen of adalimumab.

In different clinical studies, the patients may be diagnosed with Crohn's disease and the ingestible devices (including adalimumab) can be programmed to release adalimumab in the cecum, or in both the cecum and transverse colon.

In different clinical studies, the patients may be diagnosed with illeocolonic Crohn's disease and the ingestible devices (including adalimumab) can be programmed to release adalimumab in the late jejunum or in the jejunum and transverse colon.

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Patent 2024
Abdominal Pain Adalimumab Adrenal Cortex Hormones Biological Markers Biopsy BLOOD Cecum Colonoscopy C Reactive Protein Crohn Disease Cytokine Diarrhea Diet Endoscopy Endoscopy, Gastrointestinal Feces Homo sapiens Immunoglobulins Immunosuppressive Agents Jejunum Leukocyte L1 Antigen Complex Medical Devices Mesalamine Mucous Membrane Neoadjuvant Therapy Patient Care Management Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Placebos Primary Care Physicians Safety Therapeutics Tissues Transverse Colon Treatment Protocols Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha Ulcerative Colitis X-Ray Computed Tomography
All patients recruited into this study suffered from rCDI with underlying IBD and failed to eradicate the infection, despite several rounds of antibiotic therapies as presented in our previous work (Gholam-Mostafaei et al., 2021 (link)). Healthy stool donors were rigorously screened and included genetically related, patient-oriented first-degree and third-degree relatives, who donated freshly passed fecal materials on the day of transplantation, which was rapidly processed within 6 h of defecation. None of the donor fecal specimens were frozen or banked. Stool samples from the recipients were collected prior to FMT (pre-FMT) and at day 28 (post-FMT), and were stored in aliquots at –80°C until further analysis (Figure 1). FMT procedure was carried out via colonoscopy, and the fecal suspension was infused into the terminal ileum or cecum of the patients as previously described (Gholam-Mostafaei et al., 2021 (link)).
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Publication 2023
Antibiotics Cecum Colonoscopy Defecation Donors Feces Freezing Ileum Infection Patients
We retrospectively reviewed the medical charts of children with mild-to-moderate active CD who were hospitalized in the Department of Pediatrics in Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology from November 2016 to July 2019. The diagnosis of CD was rested on history, clinical symptoms, endoscopy, and histological evidence.
The inclusion criteria met the following: (i) age of 6–14 years with no genetic diseases; (ii) all newly diagnosed with mild-to-moderate CD with early PEN (80%) and/or FMT treatment; (iii) in addition to the PEN and FMT treatment, other treatments should not be added. Exclusion criteria included: (i) children who were treated with PEN (80%) for less than eight weeks or with other drugs during that time, including corticosteroids, methotrexate, thiopurines, and anti-TNF agents; and (ii) incomplete data for patients.
All children with CD received PEN (80% of total calories as a pooled diet, Peptamen, Nestle, Vevey, and swiss) intervention at diagnosis to help induce and maintain clinical remission, and the FMT group received multiple FMT interventions at baseline and week 8- 10 in addition to PEN treatment (Figure 1). The volume of formula per day was calculated according to the estimated energy requirement (EER) × 120% (basal rate plus an additional 20% caloric needs for weight gain). The EER was calculated based on the recommendations of the Chinese Dietary Reference Intake. Another 20% of the calories comes from a regular diet with no allergens and limited animal protein.
Patients treated with FMT coupled with PEN were defined as the FMT group, and those treated with PEN alone served as the PEN group. Patients with mild-to-moderate CD, defined by the Pediatric Crohn’s Disease Activity Index (PCDAI) of >10 and ≤40, and Simple Endoscopic Score for CD (SES-CD) of >3, were enrolled in the study. The Paris classification was used to assess the anatomical location and behavior of the disease (Levine et al., 2011 (link)). Clinical remission was defined as a PCDAI score of ≤10 (Grover et al., 2016 (link)). Endoscopic remission was defined as SES-CD ≤2 and PCDAI score ≤ 10 (Vuitton et al., 2016 (link)). Mucosal healing was defined as SES-CD=0 and PCDAI score ≤ 10 (Peyrin-Biroulet et al., 2015 (link)).
The time point at which CD was diagnosed was the baseline. Colonoscopy was conducted by trained pediatric endoscopists at baseline and at two assessment points (week 8- 10 and 18-22) after the therapy, and SES-CD scores were calculated jointly by two pediatric attending physicians. If the participants required additional medication within 18 weeks, they were considered clinically invalid and were not included in the next evaluation point.
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Publication 2023
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Allergens Animals Anti-Anxiety Agents Behavior Disorders Child Chinese Colonoscopy Crohn Disease Diet Endoscopy Hereditary Diseases Methotrexate Mucous Membrane Patients Peptamen Pharmaceutical Preparations Physicians Proteins Therapeutics
12 patients received therapy with FMT plus PEN (80%). The guardians of the 12 patients refused immunological interventions, considering the adverse effects of corticosteroids and immunosuppressants, and they agreed to FMT as first-line therapy. The number of FMT infusions was grouped into single (1 day) or multiple infusions (2-10 days continuously). No bowel preparation (cleanup or laxative administration) was performed before the FMT. The donor feces were collected 1 h pre-FMT, attenuated, and mingled with sterile normal saline (1 mg of feces was attenuated with 5ml of saline). Samples were filtered through sterile gauze, and a 100mL fresh fecal microbiota suspension was prepared for the FMT. The fecal suspension was poured into a sterile cup for the FMT procedure within 1 h. The routes of administration included colonoscopy and enema. Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were performed by colonoscopy (Figures 2A, B). Fecal microbiota transplantation (FMT) were performed by retention enema (Figures 2C, D). After infusion, the patients were asked to hold a fixed position (>25° semi-reclining or hip-up position) for at least 4 h. The FMT procedure followed a uniform standard for each patient. All the patients in the FMT group received fresh fecal suspensions.
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Publication 2023
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Colonoscopy Donors Enema Fecal Microbiota Transplantation Feces Immunosuppressive Agents Intestines Laxatives Legal Guardians Microbial Community Normal Saline Patients Retention (Psychology) Saline Solution Strains Therapeutics
1. CRC: all patients included in the study had a definite diagnosis of CRC. Patients who underwent surgery had a complete postoperative pathology report. Patients with advanced stage or metastases who did not undergo surgery were diagnosed by colonoscopy biopsy. 2. Liver cirrhosis: Aspartate aminotransferase-to-platelet ratio index (APRI) and Fibrosis 4 Score (FIB-4) were used as an indirect indicator for the diagnosis of liver cirrhosis with the cut-off values of 0.5 and 1.45, respectively (13 (link), 14 (link)). APRI lower than 0.5 was generally considered to exclude liver cirrhosis, and FIB-4 lower than 1.45 was generally considered to exclude liver cirrhosis (14 (link)). 3. Definition of SLM of CRC: according to international consensus (15 (link)) and the “Guidelines for the diagnosis and comprehensive treatment of liver metastases of CRC in China (2020)” (16 (link)), synchronous liver metastasis referred to liver metastases found before or at the time of diagnosis of CRC. 4. Imaging diagnosis of SLM: at least 2 or more imaging physicians with associate high title issued the corresponding diagnostic reports. The confirmation of intraoperative liver metastases should be determined by at least 2 experienced surgeons.
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Publication 2023
Aspartate Transaminase Biopsy Blood Platelets Colonoscopy Diagnosis Fibrosis Liver Liver Cirrhosis Neoplasm Metastasis Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Physicians Surgeons

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More about "Colonoscopy"

Colonoscopy, also known as a coloendoscopy or sigmoidoscopy, is a crucial diagnostic and preventive medical procedure that allows healthcare professionals to examine the entire colon and rectum using a long, flexible tube with a tiny camera.
This procedure is instrumental in the early detection and treatment of colorectal conditions, including precancerous polyps, inflammatory bowel diseases, bleeding, and cancer.
The colonoscopy process typically involves the patient receiving sedation to ensure comfort and compliance during the procedure.
The tube, known as an endoscope, is gently inserted through the rectum and gradually advanced through the colon, allowing the doctor to visualize the inner lining of the gastrointestinal tract.
This comprehensive examination enables the identification and, if necessary, the removal of any abnormal growths or polyps, which can be a precursor to colorectal cancer.
Routine colonoscopy screening is recommended for adults aged 45 and older as part of preventive health care, as it can help detect and address colorectal issues early on, when they are most treatable.
This diagnostic test is often performed using specialized equipment, such as the OC-Sensor, PCF-Q260AZI, CF-H260AZI, CF-H260AI, CF-Q260AI, CF-HQ290I, and CF-Q260, to ensure accurate and reproducible results.
In addition to its diagnostic capabilities, colonoscopy can also be used to collect tissue samples (biopsies) for further analysis, as well as to administer certain treatments, such as the removal of polyps.
The use of SAS version 9.4 and RNAlater may also be relevant in the processing and analysis of data generated from colonoscopy procedures.
Overall, colonoscopy is an essential tool in maintaining colorectal health and should be a regular part of a comprehensive healthcare regimen for adults.
By understanding the procedure and its associated technologies, individuals can make informed decisions about their preventive health care and work closely with their healthcare providers to ensure optimal gastrointestinal well-being.