Animals were used under the supervision of an approved institutional protocol. Adult female Yorkshire pigs (mean weight 30 kg) were purchased from E.M. Parsons and Sons (Hadley, MA). General anesthesia was induced with 4.4 mg/kg of intramuscular Telazol (Fort Dodge Labs, Fort Dodge, IA). Once sedated, animals were intubated with a cuffed endotracheal tube, and anesthesia was maintained with 2% isoflurane/balance O2. A lower midline abdominal incision was used to expose the uterus and fallopian tubes. A NIR fluorescent (800 nm emission) hysterosalpingogram was performed using 10 μM indocyanine green (ICG; Akorn, Decatur, IL) in saline injected in utero. NIR fluorescence (700 nm emission) angiography was performed by intravenous bolus injection of 1 mg/kg methylene blue (Akorn). Real-time NIR fluorescence imaging was performed as described in [4 (link)] except that each independent NIR fluorescence image, i.e., 700 nm emission and 800 nm emission, could be assigned different pseudo-colors from a multi-color palette, and could have its brightness, contrast, and gamma adjusted independently by the surgeon.
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Diagnostic Procedure
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Hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingography
Hysterosalpingography is a radiographic imaging technique used to evaluate the uterus and fallopian tubes.
During the procedure, a contrast dye is injected into the uterus, and X-ray images are taken to assess the patency and structural integrity of the reproductive organs.
This non-invasive procedure can help diagnose infertility, detect congenital anomalies, and identify other uterine or tubal pathologies.
Hysterosalpingography provides valuable information to guide reproductive health and fertility treatments.
During the procedure, a contrast dye is injected into the uterus, and X-ray images are taken to assess the patency and structural integrity of the reproductive organs.
This non-invasive procedure can help diagnose infertility, detect congenital anomalies, and identify other uterine or tubal pathologies.
Hysterosalpingography provides valuable information to guide reproductive health and fertility treatments.
Most cited protocols related to «Hysterosalpingography»
Abdomen
Anesthesia
Angiography
Animals
Fallopian Tubes
Fluorescence
Gamma Rays
General Anesthesia
Hysterosalpingography
Indocyanine Green
Isoflurane
Methylene Blue
Pigs
Saline Solution
Sons
Supervision
Surgeons
Telazol
Uterus
Woman
Coitus
Dental Caries
Diagnosis
Eligibility Determination
Fallopian Tubes
Female Infertility
Fertility Agents
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
Graafian Follicle
Hair Follicle
Hyperandrogenism
Hysterosalpingography
Hysteroscopy
Infant, Newborn
Insulin
Laparoscopy
Males
Motility, Cell
Ovary
Ovulation
Pelvis
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Pregnancy
Prolactin
Sperm
Testosterone
Thyroid Diseases
Uterus
Woman
Studies were selected if the prevalence of the abnormal test results for RPL was reported. Only studies which compared women with two pregnancy losses to women with three or more losses were included. Based on current reviews of the literature, the following evidence-based risk-factors for RPL were considered in this review: parental structural chromosomal abnormalities, uterine anomalies, APS, inherited thrombophilia and thyroid disorders. Results of parental chromosomal analysis were considered abnormal if significant rearrangements (e.g. balanced translocations and mosaics) were present. Studies were selected when chromosome analyses were performed with parental peripheral blood lymphocyte cultures. Studies for uterine anomalies were selected if diagnostic testing was performed by hysterosalpingography, hysteroscopy or sonohysterography. Congenital abnormalities (e.g. arcuate uterus, septate uterus, bicornuate uterus and unicornuate uterus) were considered as uterine anomalies.
APS was defined as the presence of thrombosis, pregnancy loss or female morbidity and persistent circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). aPLs (lupus anticoagulant, IgM anticardiolipin antibodies, IgG anticardiolipin antibodies and beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies) were considered to be present if a test was positive on two occasions >12 weeks apart (Miyakis et al., 2006 (link)).
Inherited thrombophilia was defined in four different sub-categories: Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, protein S deficiency and protein C deficiency. Factor V Leiden mutation was considered abnormal if there was a heterozygous or homozygous factor V Leiden G1691A mutation found. Prothrombin gene mutation was defined as heterozygous or homozygous mutations for the G20210A prothrombin (factor II) gene. Functional protein C activity less than 70% and functional protein S activity less than 70% were considered abnormal.
Thyroid disorders were defined as serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) <0.45 mU/L or TSH >4.5 mU/L with an abnormal free thyroxine level with or without the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies.
Studies were excluded when the population examined or the diagnostic methods used were not accurately defined. Only publications in English were considered in our selection.
APS was defined as the presence of thrombosis, pregnancy loss or female morbidity and persistent circulating antiphospholipid antibodies (aPL). aPLs (lupus anticoagulant, IgM anticardiolipin antibodies, IgG anticardiolipin antibodies and beta-2 glycoprotein 1 antibodies) were considered to be present if a test was positive on two occasions >12 weeks apart (Miyakis et al., 2006 (link)).
Inherited thrombophilia was defined in four different sub-categories: Factor V Leiden mutation, prothrombin gene mutation, protein S deficiency and protein C deficiency. Factor V Leiden mutation was considered abnormal if there was a heterozygous or homozygous factor V Leiden G1691A mutation found. Prothrombin gene mutation was defined as heterozygous or homozygous mutations for the G20210A prothrombin (factor II) gene. Functional protein C activity less than 70% and functional protein S activity less than 70% were considered abnormal.
Thyroid disorders were defined as serum levels of thyroid-stimulating hormone (TSH) <0.45 mU/L or TSH >4.5 mU/L with an abnormal free thyroxine level with or without the presence of thyroid peroxidase antibodies.
Studies were excluded when the population examined or the diagnostic methods used were not accurately defined. Only publications in English were considered in our selection.
Antibodies
Antibodies, Anticardiolipin
Antiphospholipid Antibodies
beta 2-Glycoprotein I
Bicornuate Uterus
Blood Culture
Chromosome Aberrations
Chromosomes
Congenital Abnormality
Diagnosis
factor V Leiden
Females
Gene Rearrangement
Genes
Heterozygote
Homozygote
Hysterosalpingography
Hysteroscopy
Lupus Coagulation Inhibitor
Lymphocyte
Mutation
Parent
Pregnancy
Protein C
Protein C Deficiency
Protein S
Protein S Deficiency
Prothrombin
Serum
Thrombophilia, hereditary
Thrombosis
Thyroid Diseases
thyroid microsomal antibodies
Thyrotropin
Thyroxine
Translocation, Chromosomal
Uterine Anomalies
Uterus
Uterus, Septate
Woman
We initially conducted a literature review to identify questionnaires that possibly included domains of interest for our research [7 (link), 11 (link)–20 (link)]. We also contacted authors to obtain copies of their instruments, where possible. We used items verbatim from some questionnaires [12 (link), 13 (link)], and adapted items from others (as referenced in Table 1 ). Based on this review and consultation with experts in the field, we constructed a questionnaire with the domains of interest for our research, called here the fertility experiences questionnaire (FEQ).
Domains, components, details and sources in the fertility experiences questionnaire
| Domainsa | Written component (paper or online) | Phone interview component | Details |
|---|---|---|---|
| General health [28 (link)] | X | Exercise, tobacco, caffeinated beverages, alcohol, past medical history, pap smear | |
| Menstrual history | X | Age at menarche, frequency and intensity of menses (when not taking hormonal birth control or fertility treatment) | |
| Sexual history | X | Number of lifetime sex partners, history of sexually transmitted infection | |
| Pregnancies and attempts to conceive [23 (link)] | Definitions and list of attempts | Verification and detailed questions about attempts | Start month/year for “attempt,” how attempt started and ended, partner for attempt |
| Desire to conceive during each attempt [29 (link)] | X | Likert scale for desire for pregnancy and pereceived partner desire for pregnancy at beginning, middle and end of each attempt | |
| Pregnancy outcomes [11 (link)] | Dates and types of outcomes | Verification and details | Live birth, miscarriage, ectopic, stillbirth, molar pregnancy, termination, currently pregnant, other, and date ended. For live birth: state where born, birth weight, sex, hospital stay of 7 days or more, breastfeeding. |
| Fertility-related medical evaluationsb | X | Ultrasound of uterus/ovaries, follicular ultrasound, hysterosalpingogram, hysteroscopy, D&C, blood tests | |
| Fertility-related surgeriesb | X | C-section, cervical cryotherapy or LEEP, laparoscopy, laparotomy, surgical treatment of endometriosis, surgery on ovaries, tubes, or uterus, other abdominal or pelvic surgery, partner vasectomy reversal, partner other urologic surgery | |
| Fertility-related diagnosesb | X | Unexplained infertility, endometriosis, PCOS, low progesterone or estrogen, not ovulating, abnormal ovulation, limited cervical mucus, pelvic adhesions, blocked fallopian tubes, uterine fibroids, uterine polyps, luteal phase defect, male factor, other | |
| Fertility treatments recommended by physician or practitioner, and reasons for using or declining treatments | X | Details about treatments received, and linking timing to attempts to conceive, and whether linked to conception | Fertility-enhancing drugs, artificial insemination, in vitro fertilization with or without intracytoplasmic sperm injection, donor semen or donor eggs, acupuncture, fertility diets, herbal treatments |
| Self-help measures for trying to conceive (fertility awareness, diet, etc.) | Ascertained and linked to attempts to conceive, and whether linked to conception | Timed intercourse by counting days, basal body temperature, urine ovulation test kits, cervical mucus or fluid; took herbs, fertility vitamins, or supplements; lost weight; adhered to fertility diets; took a daily drug to enhance fertility; took a drug for ovulation; took hormones like progesterone | |
| Adoption experiences | X | Ever applied for adoption, any adopted children | |
| Stress and social situation [12 (link)] | X | Likert scale questions about impact of fertility problems and/or treatment on life, relationships with partner, family, friends; level of support from family, partner, friends; negative reactions from family, partner, friends. | |
| Experience of past fertility treatment[12 (link)] | X | Likert scale questions about perceptions of past treatment: had enough time, shared decision making, feeling listened to, receiving explanations, addressing emotional issues | |
| Demographic information | X | Marital status and date, education, race, ethnicity, country of birth, country of parents’ birth, languages spoken, religious preference, occupation, income, whether have written records of fertility experiences, best times to contact by phone | |
| Friends and family with infertility | X | Number of friends or family diagnosed with infertility, friends or family members who have used any of the fertility measures listed previously above | |
| Hypothetical interest in participating in studies of fertility treatment | X | Would she have been willing to participate in a study that would involve lifestyle advice, education about fertile days, herbs or acupuncture, medication, artificial insemination, or IVF. | |
| Sources of information | X | X | Did the participant consult written records to complete the questionnaire? |
aCitations indicate other studies from which sections of the questionnaire were taken or adapted
bItems in these sections of the questionnaire were adapted from questions used in research conducted by Mary Croughan, PhD, University of California, San Francisco
Abdomen
Artificial Insemination
Awareness
Basal Bodies
Beverages
Birth Weight
BLOOD
Cervix Mucus
Childbirth
Coitus
Cryotherapy
Diet
Dietary Supplements
Eggs
Emotions
Endometriosis
Estrogens
Ethanol
Ethnicity
Fallopian Tubes
Family Member
Fertility
Fertilization in Vitro
Friend
Hormonal Contraception
Hormones
Hydatidiform Mole
Hysterosalpingography
Hysteroscopy
Laparoscopy
Laparotomy
Luteal Phase
Males
Menarche
Menstruation
Neck
Operative Surgical Procedures
Ovary
Ovulation
Parent
Pelvis
Pharmaceutical Preparations
Physicians
Plant Embryos
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Polyps
Pregnancy
Progesterone
Sexual Partners
Sperm Injections, Intracytoplasmic
Spontaneous Abortion
Sterility, Reproductive
Therapy, Acupuncture
Tissue Adhesions
Tissue Donors
Tobacco Products
Ultrasonography
Urinalysis
Uterine Fibroids
Uterus
Vasovasostomy
Vitamins
Anesthesia
Animals
Catheters
Cervix Uteri
Dental Caries
Diagnosis
Digital Radiography
Forceps
Hysterosalpingography
Inhalation
Iopamidol
Isoflurane
Isovue
Ketamine
Radio-Opaque acrylic resin
Saline Solution
Sedatives
Silicones
Speculum
Ultrasonography
Uterus
Vagina
Vascular Patency
Vulva
Most recents protocols related to «Hysterosalpingography»
DOR was made in accordance with the Poseidon (Patient-Oriented Strategies Encompassing IndividualizeD Oocyte Number) classification groups 3 and 4 [28 (link)], defined as the presence of low serum AMH hormone level (< 1.2 ng/ml) or low AFC (< 5) at time of ovarian stimulation initiation. All patients who met the criteria of Poseidon Groups 3 and 4 and had at least one embryo created intended to transfer during the current cycle were included.
Exclusion criteria were coexisting endocrine disorders (diabetes mellitus, untreated hyperprolactinemia, untreated thyroid dysfunction, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and Cushing’s syndrome), untreated hydrosalpinx, and uterine anomaly confirmed either by hysterosalpingography or hysteroscopy. After applying the exclusion criteria, 440 DOR women who underwent fresh ET were included for final analysis. The study group included 211 patients with vitrified M-II oocyte accumulation for later simultaneous insemination. This group was named “diminished ovarian reserve, accumulation of vitrified oocytes” (DOR-Accu). In this group, we used double stimulation in the same ovarian cycle to maximize the oocyte number retrieved in a short time frame [29 (link), 30 (link)]. After oocyte retrieval, all mature oocytes were vitrified and stored. Then, luteal phase ovarian stimulation following oocyte retrieval was performed based on the number of remainder AFC. The decision about whether to stop oocyte accumulation was based on two factors as follows: (1) the vitrified M-II oocytes’ total number reaches 10–15, which was expected to maximize the LBR [31 (link)–33 (link)], and (2) the patient’s own decision.
The control group included 229 DOR patients who underwent GnRH antagonist protocol, whose fresh mature oocytes were inseminated, and subsequent ET was named “diminished ovarian reserve, fresh oocytes” (DOR-fresh). Surplus embryos in both groups had been vitrified and transferred in their following cycle until surplus embryos were exhausted or the patient got at least one live infant delivery.
Exclusion criteria were coexisting endocrine disorders (diabetes mellitus, untreated hyperprolactinemia, untreated thyroid dysfunction, congenital adrenal hyperplasia, and Cushing’s syndrome), untreated hydrosalpinx, and uterine anomaly confirmed either by hysterosalpingography or hysteroscopy. After applying the exclusion criteria, 440 DOR women who underwent fresh ET were included for final analysis. The study group included 211 patients with vitrified M-II oocyte accumulation for later simultaneous insemination. This group was named “diminished ovarian reserve, accumulation of vitrified oocytes” (DOR-Accu). In this group, we used double stimulation in the same ovarian cycle to maximize the oocyte number retrieved in a short time frame [29 (link), 30 (link)]. After oocyte retrieval, all mature oocytes were vitrified and stored. Then, luteal phase ovarian stimulation following oocyte retrieval was performed based on the number of remainder AFC. The decision about whether to stop oocyte accumulation was based on two factors as follows: (1) the vitrified M-II oocytes’ total number reaches 10–15, which was expected to maximize the LBR [31 (link)–33 (link)], and (2) the patient’s own decision.
The control group included 229 DOR patients who underwent GnRH antagonist protocol, whose fresh mature oocytes were inseminated, and subsequent ET was named “diminished ovarian reserve, fresh oocytes” (DOR-fresh). Surplus embryos in both groups had been vitrified and transferred in their following cycle until surplus embryos were exhausted or the patient got at least one live infant delivery.
Cushing Syndrome
Diabetes Mellitus
Embryo
Endocrine System Diseases
Gonadorelin
Hormones
Hyperplasia, Congenital Adrenal
Hyperprolactinemia
Hysterosalpingography
Hysteroscopy
Infant
Insemination
Luteal Phase
Obstetric Delivery
Oocyte Retrieval
Oocytes
Ovarian Reserve
Ovarian Stimulation
Patients
Reading Frames
Serum
Thyroid Gland
Uterine Anomalies
Woman
Participants included couples undergoing their first ovarian stimulation (who have been unsuccessful in achieving pregnancy after 12 months or more) in which the male partner’s BMI was between 20 and 30 kg/m2 from January 2016 to October 2021.
The inclusion criteria were as follows: age between 18 and 45 years; basic literacy; at least 1-year history of infertility; female partner age <35 years; female partner BMI <24.5–18 kg/m2; FSH ≤ 10 IU/L (Day 2 of menstrual cycle); AMH ≥ 1.0 ng/mL; OR antral follicle count > 10; evidence of at least one patent fallopian tube as determined with either a hysterosalpingogram or laparoscopy showing at least one patent fallopian tube or a saline infusion sonogram showing spillage of contrast material; regular cycles defined as ≥25 days and ≤35 days in duration; evidence of ovulation including biphasic basal body temperatures, positive ovulation predictor kits or progesterone level ≥3 ng/mL, couples in which the male partner had a confirmed contributing cause of the couple’s infertility. The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with recent fever; external genital abnormalities; cryptorchidism; varicocele; presence of anti-sperm antibodies; treatments that may alter spermatogenesis; patients with chronic diseases, e.g., liver/renal disease, hypertension and diabetes; male patient BMI below 19.5 or over 30 kg/m2. Teratozoospermia was described according to the WHO 2010 guidelines and Kruger’s strict criteria (sperm morphology less than 4%). The sample size was calculated as previously described [36 (link),37 (link)], and the final total number of couples was 385 (Figure S1 ).
The inclusion criteria were as follows: age between 18 and 45 years; basic literacy; at least 1-year history of infertility; female partner age <35 years; female partner BMI <24.5–18 kg/m2; FSH ≤ 10 IU/L (Day 2 of menstrual cycle); AMH ≥ 1.0 ng/mL; OR antral follicle count > 10; evidence of at least one patent fallopian tube as determined with either a hysterosalpingogram or laparoscopy showing at least one patent fallopian tube or a saline infusion sonogram showing spillage of contrast material; regular cycles defined as ≥25 days and ≤35 days in duration; evidence of ovulation including biphasic basal body temperatures, positive ovulation predictor kits or progesterone level ≥3 ng/mL, couples in which the male partner had a confirmed contributing cause of the couple’s infertility. The exclusion criteria were as follows: patients with recent fever; external genital abnormalities; cryptorchidism; varicocele; presence of anti-sperm antibodies; treatments that may alter spermatogenesis; patients with chronic diseases, e.g., liver/renal disease, hypertension and diabetes; male patient BMI below 19.5 or over 30 kg/m2. Teratozoospermia was described according to the WHO 2010 guidelines and Kruger’s strict criteria (sperm morphology less than 4%). The sample size was calculated as previously described [36 (link),37 (link)], and the final total number of couples was 385 (
Anti-Antibodies
Body Temperature
Congenital Abnormality
Contrast Media
Cryptorchidism
Diabetes Mellitus
Disease, Chronic
Fallopian Tubes
Fever
Graafian Follicle
High Blood Pressures
Hysterosalpingography
Kidney
Kidney Diseases
Laparoscopy
Liver
Liver Diseases
Males
Menstrual Cycle
Ovarian Stimulation
Ovulation
Patients
Pregnancy
Progesterone
Saline Solution
Sperm
Spermatogenesis
Sterility, Reproductive
Teratozoospermia
Ultrasonography
Varicocele
Vulva
Woman
The clinical data of 104 hospital-admitted PCOS patients at the Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu from January 2018 to December 2020 were selected. The inclusion criteria were as follows: (I) Meet the PCOS-related criteria established in the 2003 Dutch PCOS Conference (10 (link)), including at least 2 of the following: oligomenorrhoea or amenorrhea, clinical or chemical testosterone >0.75 ng/mL, hyperandrogenism and/or polycystic ovary morphology (PCOM) by ultrasound examination; (II) The age range from postmenarche to within 40 years old; (III) The reproductive function of the spouse is good, and the semen quality is normal; (IV) Hysterosalpingography (HSG)/laparoscopy shows at least 1 fallopian tube (V) Did not receive other treatment 3 months before enrollment; (VI) Have complete clinical data and follow-up data, and at the same time give informed consent to the study. The exclusion criteria were as follows: (I) Those who do not meet the diagnostic criteria; (II) Gonadal hypoplasia, abnormal menstruation caused by reproductive tract abnormalities, organic lesions of the reproductive organs, and irregular menstrual cycles; (III) Those who have taken sex hormones within the 3 months prior to this study; (IV) Those with diabetes, liver and kidney disease, abnormal thyroid function, hyperprolactinemia, and other diseases. The study was conducted in accordance with the Declaration of Helsinki (as revised in 2013). The study was approved by institutional of the Second People’s Hospital of Wuhu (No. SZ2018001) and informed consent was taken from all the patients.
Conferences
Congenital Abnormality
Diabetes Mellitus
Diagnosis
Fallopian Tubes
Genitalia
Gonadal Steroid Hormones
Gonads
Hyperandrogenism
Hyperprolactinemia
hypoplasia
Hysterosalpingography
Kidney Diseases
Laparoscopy
Liver
Menstruation Disturbances
Oligomenorrhea
Patient Admission
Patients
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Reproduction
Semen Quality
Spouse
Testosterone
Thyroid Diseases
Ultrasonography
Uterine lavage samples were successfully collected from 90 patients following a protocol under general anesthesia before surgery. An antiseptic lotion was used to clean the cervix. Using bullet forceps, the cervix was grasped, a two-way hysterosalpingography catheter was inserted into the cervical canal, and the balloon was inflated with approximately 2–3 mL of saline to seal the cervical canal and prevent retrograde leakage of saline. If the cervical canal was too narrow to pass the catheter, it was dilated to 2–3 mm with Hegar dilators. One 5-mL syringe containing 5 mL of saline was connected to the catheter tube. By pushing on the plunger of the syringe containing saline, the uterine cavity was slowly perfused. Then the syringe was gently pulled out and uterine lavage was collected. Finally, the balloon was deflated, and the catheter was removed.
Immediately following the collection procedure, the uterine lavage sample was centrifuged for 15 min at 2000× g. The resulting supernatant was discarded, and the cellular debris was washed with a 2 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The resulting uterine lavage cell pellet was resuspended in 2 mL PBS and stored at −80 °C until use.
1 mL of uterine lavage sample was used for DNA extraction using the MagmaxTM Cell-free Isolation Kit (Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific (TFS), Foster, CA, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol. The final tissue and uterine cavity lavage DNA samples were stored at −20 °C until library preparation.
During surgery, a small sample of tumor tissue was allocated for analysis and immediately stored at −80 °C. 46 paired tissue and uterine lavage samples were collected for the analysis: 29 type II OC, 7 other ovarian tumors, 1 endometrial cancer, and 1 RRS group, 8 benign tumors. For genomic DNA extraction, the ovarian tissue samples were mechanically homogenised in liquid nitrogen using a mortar and pestle. 10–20 mg of tissue powder was digested with proteinase K (ThermoScientific, TFS, Vilnius, Lithuania) for 16 h, then genomic DNA was purified following standard phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation protocols. The final DNA was dissolved in nuclease-free water (Invitrogen, TFS, Austin, TX, USA), and stored at −20 °C until further steps.
Immediately following the collection procedure, the uterine lavage sample was centrifuged for 15 min at 2000× g. The resulting supernatant was discarded, and the cellular debris was washed with a 2 mL phosphate buffered saline (PBS) solution. The resulting uterine lavage cell pellet was resuspended in 2 mL PBS and stored at −80 °C until use.
1 mL of uterine lavage sample was used for DNA extraction using the MagmaxTM Cell-free Isolation Kit (Applied Biosystems, Thermo Fisher Scientific (TFS), Foster, CA, USA) following the manufacturer’s protocol. The final tissue and uterine cavity lavage DNA samples were stored at −20 °C until library preparation.
During surgery, a small sample of tumor tissue was allocated for analysis and immediately stored at −80 °C. 46 paired tissue and uterine lavage samples were collected for the analysis: 29 type II OC, 7 other ovarian tumors, 1 endometrial cancer, and 1 RRS group, 8 benign tumors. For genomic DNA extraction, the ovarian tissue samples were mechanically homogenised in liquid nitrogen using a mortar and pestle. 10–20 mg of tissue powder was digested with proteinase K (ThermoScientific, TFS, Vilnius, Lithuania) for 16 h, then genomic DNA was purified following standard phenol-chloroform extraction and ethanol precipitation protocols. The final DNA was dissolved in nuclease-free water (Invitrogen, TFS, Austin, TX, USA), and stored at −20 °C until further steps.
Anti-Infective Agents, Local
austin
Benign Neoplasm
Catheters
Cells
Cell Separation
Cervix Uteri
Chloroform
Dental Caries
DNA Library
Endometrial Carcinoma
Endopeptidase K
Ethanol
Forceps
General Anesthesia
Genome
Hysterosalpingography
Neoplasms
Nitrogen
Operative Surgical Procedures
Ovarian Neoplasm
Ovary
Patients
Phenols
Phocidae
Phosphates
Powder
Saline Solution
Syringes
Tissues
Uterus
The present study included data from PCOS couples underwent COS and IUI treatments at our center between January 1, 2016 and December 31, 2020. Clinical and demographic information were obtained from the medical archives. PCOS was diagnosed with the Rotterdam consensus.[3 ] The exclusion criteria were sperm anomality (the male factor), women with body mass index ≥ 30 kg/m2, endometriosis, obstruction of fallopian tube, and uterine or pelvic anomaly demonstrated either by hysterosalpingography or hysteroscopy. As depicted in the flowchart of Figure 1 , a total of 404 cycles of COS and IUI treatments were finally enrolled, and divided into 2 groups according to the regime of trigger, that is the dual-trigger group (GnRH-a plus HCG, n = 109) and the HCG-only group (n = 295). Upon the first visit, each couple underwent a standard infertility workup in our center. For men, sperm analyses were performed after 3 to 5 days of sexual abstinence. For women, basal serum hormone measurements were conducted on day 3 to 5 of the menstrual cycle. This study was approved by The institutional ethics committee of our hospital (Approval number: 2015). Written informed consents were obtained from all the couples. This study was conducted according to the principles of the declaration of Helsinki.
Endometriosis
Gonadorelin
Hormones
Hysterosalpingography
Hysteroscopy
Index, Body Mass
Institutional Ethics Committees
Males
Menstrual Cycle
Pelvis
Polycystic Ovary Syndrome
Precipitating Factors
Serum
Sperm
Sterility, Reproductive
Tubal Obstruction
Uterus
Woman
Top products related to «Hysterosalpingography»
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Follistim is a recombinant follicle-stimulating hormone (FSH) medication used for fertility treatment. It is designed to stimulate the development of mature ovarian follicles in women undergoing assisted reproductive technology (ART) procedures.
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SPSS ver. 20.0 is a software package for statistical analysis. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and presentation. The core function of SPSS is to enable users to perform a variety of statistical tests and analyses on data sets.
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The Stat Fax 4200 is a compact, benchtop microplate reader designed for a variety of absorbance-based assays. It can measure the optical density of samples in 96-well microplates. The Stat Fax 4200 is capable of performing single-wavelength absorbance measurements.
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More about "Hysterosalpingography"
Hysterosalpingogram (HSG) is a radiological imaging technique used to evaluate the uterus and fallopian tubes.
This non-invasive procedure involves injecting a contrast dye into the uterus and capturing X-ray images to assess the patency and structural integrity of the reproductive organs.
Hysterosalpingography can help diagnose infertility, detect congenital anomalies, and identify other uterine or tubal pathologies.
The procedure provides valuable information to guide reproductive health and fertility treatments.
Synonyms for hysterosalpingography include tubal patency test, uterosalpingography, and salpingography.
Related terms include infertility, Follistim (a fertility medication), SPSS ver. 20.0 (a statistical software), Stat Fax 4200 (a microplate reader), and AccuBind® ELISA (an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
Key subtopics within hysterosalpingography include indications for the procedure, patient preparation, technique of dye injection, radiographic imaging, interpretation of findings, and potential complications.
The information obtained from hysterosalpingography can help healthcare providers develop appropriate treatment plans, such as surgical interventions or assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF).
By understanding the insights and applications of hysterosalpingography, researchers and clinicians can optimize reproductive health research and advance fertility treatments.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can assist in this process by helping users identify the most effective hysterosalpingography protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.
This non-invasive procedure involves injecting a contrast dye into the uterus and capturing X-ray images to assess the patency and structural integrity of the reproductive organs.
Hysterosalpingography can help diagnose infertility, detect congenital anomalies, and identify other uterine or tubal pathologies.
The procedure provides valuable information to guide reproductive health and fertility treatments.
Synonyms for hysterosalpingography include tubal patency test, uterosalpingography, and salpingography.
Related terms include infertility, Follistim (a fertility medication), SPSS ver. 20.0 (a statistical software), Stat Fax 4200 (a microplate reader), and AccuBind® ELISA (an enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay).
Key subtopics within hysterosalpingography include indications for the procedure, patient preparation, technique of dye injection, radiographic imaging, interpretation of findings, and potential complications.
The information obtained from hysterosalpingography can help healthcare providers develop appropriate treatment plans, such as surgical interventions or assisted reproductive technologies like in vitro fertilization (IVF).
By understanding the insights and applications of hysterosalpingography, researchers and clinicians can optimize reproductive health research and advance fertility treatments.
PubCompare.ai's AI-driven platform can assist in this process by helping users identify the most effective hysterosalpingography protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents.