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Neurologic Examination

The neurologic examination is a comprehensive assessment of the structure and function of the nervous system.
It involves evaluating a patient's mental status, cranial nerves, motor function, sensory function, reflexes, and coordination.
The goal is to identify any abnormalities or impairments that may indicate underlying neurological conditions.
A thorough neurologic exam is a critical step in the diagnostic process and can provide valuable insights into the health and integrity of the nervous systme.
Effective protocols and techniques are essential for optimizing the accuracy and efficiency of these assessments.

Most cited protocols related to «Neurologic Examination»

1
Alzheimer's Disease Research Cohort Protocol
Archival data were reviewed from 4248 consecutive participants recruited into the Mayo Clinic Alzheimer's Disease Research Center (ADRC) and Alzheimer's Disease Patient Registry (ADPR) database. The Rochester Mayo ADPR is responsible for recruiting dementia patients and non-demented control subjects for studies on the progression of Alzheimer's disease through the Department of Community and Internal Medicine and does not operate in Jacksonville. The Rochester and Jacksonville ADRC sites acquire dementia patients from Behavioral Neurology. The Jacksonville ADRC site also recruits community controls via churches and community agencies. The same inclusion/exclusion criteria are applied for normal controls across both recruitment sites and has been published extensively through analyses of the MOANS16 (link)-19 and MOAANS20 (link)-22 (link) data. Patients with memory concerns raised by either the patient themselves, a family member, or a physician undergo a comprehensive neurological evaluation and neuropsychological testing to confirm or rule out dementia and Alzheimer disease.
A total of 1141 individuals with 16 or more self-reported years of education were identified. The sample included 1064 (93%) individuals who self-identified as Caucasian and 77 (7%) who self-identified as African-American. Of the 1141 participants, 658 individuals (242 males and 416 females) had no dementia and were considered cognitively normal (see Ivnik et al.19 for full criteria used to define normal cognition). The remaining 307 (164 males and 143 females) carried diagnoses of dementia established via consensus among ADRC investigators and based on published diagnostic criteria. Diagnoses included 202 (66%) patients with probable Alzheimer's disease, 48 (16%) with dementia with Lewy bodies, 18 (6%) with frontotemporal dementia, 13 (4%) with vascular dementia, and 25 (8%) with other dementia etiologies. A sample of 176 patients (106 males and 70 females) diagnosed with Mild Cognitive Impairment (MCI) was also included for comparison purposes.
The total sample included 512 (45%) males and 629 (55%) females, with a mean age of 75.9 (SD=7.2) years and a mean self-reported education of 17.1 (SD=1.5) years. There were no significant between-group differences (dementia vs. no dementia) in terms of age, gender, or education.
While the MMSE was available in diagnostic meetings, the diagnosis of dementia (and particular subtype) was arrived at via consensus-based judgment taking into account information from the neurological examination, clinical interview, lab results, imaging, informant ratings of activities of daily living (ADLs), as well as neuropsychological test data. Therefore, the MMSE had minimal impact on diagnostic decisions in the dementia cohort and was not considered at all as part of the determination of control status.
O'Bryant S.E., Humphreys J.D., Smith G.E., Ivnik R.J., Graff-Radford N.R., Petersen R.C, & Lucas J.A. (2008). Detecting Dementia with the Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE) in Highly Educated Individuals. Archives of neurology, 65(7), 963-967.
Publication 2008
African American Alzheimer's Disease Caucasoid Races Cognition Cognitive Impairments, Mild Dementia, Vascular Diagnosis Disease Progression Family Member Females Lewy Body Disease Males Memory Mini Mental State Examination Neurologic Examination Neuropsychological Tests Patients Physicians Pick Disease of the Brain Presenile Dementia
2
Alzheimer's Disease and Amnestic MCI Evaluation
Participants in this study included 93 patients with AD and 43 patients with amnestic MCI (aMCI) who were recruited from the Memory Disorder Clinic at the Samsung Medical Center in Seoul, Korea from November 2005 to January 2007. All patients with AD met the criteria for probable AD proposed by the National Institute of Neurological and Communicative Diseases and Stroke and Alzheimer's disease and Related Disorders Association (NINCDS-ADRDA) (3 (link)). The aMCI patients were diagnosed according to the criteria proposed by Peterson et al. (4 (link)): 1) subjective memory complaint as described by the patient and/or caregiver, 2) normal general cognitive function, as defined by a score of 24 or greater on the Korean version of Mini-Mental State Examination (MMSE), 3) ability to participate in normal activities of daily living (ADL), judged clinically and by an ADL scale, 4) objective memory decline below the 16th percentile on neuropsychological tests, and 5) non-conformance to clinical criteria for diagnosis of dementia.
All patients underwent a comprehensive evaluation consisting of a detailed medical history, neurological examinations, and a neuropsychological evaluation (SNSB). Additionally, laboratory tests were used to confirm that there were no secondary causes for dementia or cognitive impairment. Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) was performed on all patients, and all patients with structural brain lesions or severe white matter ischemia (caps or band >10 mm and deep white lesion >25 mm) were excluded. Patients who were illiterate were also excluded, regardless of formal education status.
The normal control (NC) group consisted of 77 healthy spouses or caregivers of patients from the memory disorder clinic. All controls were screened for neurological and psychiatric illnesses, and those who were identified to have any of these illnesses were excluded from the study. All subjects in the NC group met the criteria for healthy controls proposed by Christensen et al. (5 ) and did not have dementia as defined by the score below 8 points on the Korean Dementia Screening Questionnaire (KDSQ) (6 ) as well as by an ADL score less than 8 on Seoul Instrumental Activities of Daily Living (S-IADL) (7 ).
The three groups included in this study did not differ significantly in age, education level, and gender. In terms of Clinical Dementia Rating (CDR) scores (8 (link)), all participants in the NC group had a CDR score of 0; all patients in the MCI group had a CDR score of 0.5; and of the participants in the AD group 35 had a CDR score of 0.5 (mild stage, 38%), 42 had a CDR score of 1 (mild to moderate stage, 45%), and 16 had a CDR score of 2 (moderate stage, 17%). Among patients with AD, the CDR groups did not differ in age, education level, and gender. We obtained informed consents from all the patients and controls, and this study was approved by the Institutional Review Board of Samsung Medical Center (2005-02-008).
Ahn H.J., Chin J., Park A., Lee B.H., Suh M.K., Seo S.W, & Na D.L. (2010). Seoul Neuropsychological Screening Battery-Dementia Version (SNSB-D): A Useful Tool for Assessing and Monitoring Cognitive Impairments in Dementia Patients. Journal of Korean Medical Science, 25(7), 1071-1076.
Publication 2010
Alzheimer's Disease Brain Cerebrovascular Accident Cognition Communicative Disorders Diagnosis Disorders, Cognitive Ethics Committees, Research Gender Ischemia Koreans Memory Memory Disorders Mental Disorders Mini Mental State Examination Neurologic Examination Neuropsychological Tests Patients Presenile Dementia White Matter
3
Multi-Cohort Study of FTD and ALS Patients

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Publication 2011
Alzheimer's Disease Aphasia Biopharmaceuticals Brain Broca Aphasia Chromosomes, Human, Pair 20 Corticobasal Degeneration Dementia Diagnosis Electromyography Family Member Frontotemporal Dementia Frontotemporal Lobar Degeneration Memory Deficits Neurodegenerative Disorders Neurologic Examination Neuropsychological Tests Parkinsonian Disorders Patients Phenotype protein TDP-43, human Schizophrenia Semantic Dementia Vision
4
Diagnostic Criteria for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder
Participants were selected from 12 centers of the International REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Study Group and were recruited from 2008 to 2011. All RBD patients had RBD diagnosis confirmed by polysomnography according to the International Classification of Sleep Disorders-27 ; namely, loss of REM atonia on polysomnographic trace in association with history of dream-enactment or witnessed dream enactment during REM sleep on video polysomnogram. Patients were not blinded to RBD diagnosis when they completed the questionnaire. Convenience sampling was used (i.e., maximal recruitment each center). All cases had neurological examination confirming the absence of dementia (defined as Mini-Mental State Examination [MMSE] <24 with functional impairment resulting from cognitive decline8 (link)— note that MMSE was required only if symptoms of dementia were present) and parkinsonism (by UK Brain Bank criteria9 (link)). Each center also recruited controls (both healthy subjects and patients with other sleep disorders), frequency-matched 1:1 on age (within 5 years) and sex (10% tolerance outside perfect matching allowed). All controls underwent a polysomnogram confirming the absence of RBD. Participants with asymptomatic REM atonia loss were not included. Ethics approval was obtained from the research ethics board of each participating center. All patients gave informed consent according to the Declaration of Helsinki.
Postuma R.B., Arnulf I., Hogl B., Iranzo A., Miyamoto T., Dauvilliers Y., Oertel W., Ju Y.E., Puligheddu M., Jennum P., Pelletier A., Wolfson C., Leu-Semenescu S., Frauscher B., Miyamoto M., De Cock V.C., Unger M.M., Stiasny-Kolster K., Fantini M.L, & Montplaisir J.Y. (2012). A Single-Question Screen for REM Sleep Behavior Disorder: A Multicenter Validation Study. Movement disorders : official journal of the Movement Disorder Society, 27(7), 913-916.
Publication 2012
Brain Cognition Dementia Diagnosis Dreams Healthy Volunteers Immune Tolerance Mini Mental State Examination Neurologic Examination Parkinsonian Disorders Patients Polysomnography REM Sleep Behavior Disorder Sleep, REM Sleep Disorders
5
Diagnostic Criteria for AD, MCI, and Healthy Controls

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Publication 2012
Adult Central Core Disease Cognition Dementia Diagnosis Disorders, Cognitive Ethics Committees, Research Gender Memory Mental Disorders Mini Mental State Examination Mood Neurologic Examination Neuropsychological Tests Patients Physical Examination Psychometrics

Most recents protocols related to «Neurologic Examination»

1
Comprehensive CSF Biomarker Analysis of Cognitive Disorders
Paris cohort enrolled a total of 212 patients who had undergone CSF analysis at the Centre of Cognitive Neurology at Lariboisière Fernand-Widal University Hospital between March 2014 and December 2019, including participants with subjective cognitive decline (SCD, n=21), non-AD mild cognitive impairment (non-AD MCI, n=45), AD-MCI (n=40), AD dementia (n=75) and non-AD dementia (n=31). Non-AD dementia patients encompassed patients with dementia with Lewy bodies (DLB, n=12), frontotemporal dementia (FTD, n=15), vascular cognitive impairment and dementia (VCID, n=3) and Creutzfeldt Jakob disease (n=1). Patients underwent a thorough clinical examination involving personal medical and family histories, treatment, neurological examination, extensive neuropsychological assessment, APOE genotyping, brain magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) extensive neuropsychological evaluation, MRI, APOE genotyping, blood and CSF analysis and fluid sampling for collection (blood and CSF). The diagnosis for each patient was made during multidisciplinary consensus meetings (including neurologists, neuropsychologists, gerontologists, neuroradiologist and biochemists) considering results of validated CSF biomarkers and according to clinical diagnostic criteria for AD dementia [3 (link)], MCI due to AD (AD-MCI) [26 (link)], DLB [27 (link)] and FTD [28 (link)]. AD patients displayed CSF biomarkers on the AD continuum [3 (link)]. MCI of other causes (non-AD MCI) included patients with psychiatric disorder, sleep apnea, or systemic disease. Non-AD MCI presented with normal CSF biomarkers or suspected non-Alzheimer pathophysiology (normal Aβ1-42/40, high p-tau and/or high t-tau). Included SCD participants were individuals with several years of clinical follow-up for a clinical complaint, presenting with normal cognitive testing and no abnormalities at imaging and CSF examinations [29 (link), 30 (link)].
Lantero-Rodriguez J., Vrillon A., Fernández-Lebrero A., Ortiz-Romero P., Snellman A., Montoliu-Gaya L., Brum W.S., Cognat E., Dumurgier J., Puig-Pijoan A., Navalpotro-Gómez I., García-Escobar G., Karikari T.K., Vanmechelen E., Ashton N.J., Zetterberg H., Suárez-Calvet M., Paquet C, & Blennow K. (2023). Clinical performance and head-to-head comparison of CSF p-tau235 with p-tau181, p-tau217 and p-tau231 in two memory clinic cohorts. Alzheimer's Research & Therapy, 15, 48.
Publication 2023
ApoE protein, human Biological Markers BLOOD Blood Vessel Brain Central Nervous System Cognition Congenital Abnormality Diagnosis Disease, Creutzfeldt-Jakob Disorders, Cognitive Geriatricians Lewy Bodies Mental Disorders Neurologic Examination Neurologists Neuropsychological Tests Patients Physical Examination Pick Disease of the Brain Presenile Dementia Sleep Apnea Syndromes
2
Diagnosis of Diabetic Neuropathy and Peripheral Artery Disease
All patients with T2DM were asked whether they had numbness, pain (prickling or stabbing, shooting, burning or aching pain), and paresthesia (abnormal cold or heat sensation, allodynia and hyperalgesia) in the toes, feet, legs or upper-limb. Then, an experienced physician performed the neurologic examination which included vibration, light touch, and achilles tendon reflexes on both sides in the knee standing position (as being either presence or weakening or loss). Vibration perception threshold (VPT) was assessed at the metatarsophalangeal joint dig I using a neurothesiometer (Bio- Thesiometer; Bio-Medical Instrument Co., Newbury, OH, USA). First, the patients were informed how to know the vibration sensation is felt by gradually turning the amplitude from zero to maximum, then the test began again from zero and they were asked to say the moment that they first felt it. Measurements were made on the planter aspect of the big toe bilaterally, three times consecutively for each big toe. The median of three readings is accepted as the VPT value of that measurement (35 (link)). Sensitivity to touch was also tested using a 5.07/10-g Semmes-Weinstein monofilament (SWM) at four points on each foot: three on the plantar and one on the dorsal side. The 10-g SWM was placed perpendicular to the skin and pressure was applied until the filament just buckled with a contact time of 2 s. Inability to perceive the sensation at any one site was considered abnormal (36 (link), 37 (link)). DPN was defined as VPT ≥25 V and/or inability to feel the monofilament (35 (link)), and then participants were divided into DPN group and no DPN group.
Ankle brachial index (ABI) was measured noninvasively by a continuous-wave Doppler ultrasound probe (Vista AVS, Summit Co., USA) with participants in the supine position after at least 5 min of rest. Leg-specific ABI was calculated by dividing the higher SBP in the posterior tibial or dorsalis pedis by the higher of the right or left brachial SBP (33 (link), 38 (link)). Patients were diagnosed as having PAD if an ABI value <0.9 on either limb (33 (link), 38 (link)).
DFU was defined as ulceration of the foot (distally from the ankle and including the ankle) associated with neuropathy and different grades of ischemia and infection (39 (link)).
Yan P., Wu Y., Dan X., Wu X., Tang Q., Chen X., Xu Y., Zhu J., Miao Y, & Wan Q. (2023). Aspartate aminotransferase/alanine aminotransferase ratio was associated with type 2 diabetic peripheral neuropathy in a Chinese population: A cross-sectional study. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 14, 1064125.
Publication 2023
Ache Allodynia Ankle Arm, Upper Common Cold Cytoskeletal Filaments Feelings Foot Foot Ulcer Hallux Hyperalgesia Hypersensitivity Indices, Ankle-Brachial Infection Ischemia Knee Joint Light Metatarsophalangeal Joint Neurologic Examination Pain Paresthesia Patients Physicians Pressure Reflex Skin Tendon, Achilles Thermosensing Tibia Toes Touch Ultrasounds, Doppler Upper Extremity Vibration
3
Improving Pediatric Critical Care Communication
Questionnaire data were collected prior to the implementation of PEWS and SBAR in January 2018 and at follow-up 6 months after the completion of the implementation period in January 2021. All the data were obtained from the electronic medical records in the Information System of Hospital. The information of the patients during admission including age, gender, underlying disease, consciousness state, vital signs, physiological and laboratory variables was collected. The pneumonia symptom relief time and total hospitalization time of fever, cough, pulmonary rales, and wheezing were recorded in both groups. Emotional state: The Neonatal Infant Pain Scale (NIPS)[9 (link)] and the Neonatal Behavior Neurological Assessment Scale (NBNA)[10 (link)] were used to evaluate the emotional state of the newborn by the senior nurses who had been specially trained and qualified as psychotherapists. The number of intervention measures reported by nursing staff and the number of medical intervention measures during PICU in the 2 groups was counted, and then the correct recognition rate of observation and early recognition rate of critically ill children were calculated. The early recognition rate of severe patients = times of rescue of critically ill children/ (total number of reports - times of repeated reports) × 100%. The incidence of handover problems during PICU was recorded between the 2 groups, including incident reports and communication errors. In accordance with World Health Organization definitions, we defined incident reports as “A process used to document occurrences that are not consistent with routine hospital operation or patient care. A communication error is defined as “Missing or wrong information exchange or misinterpretation or misunderstanding.”[11 (link)] To measure communication within and between different professions, the ICU Nurse–Physician Questionnaire was used.[12 (link)]
Ye L., Zhu M., Hong F., Zhang W, & Song L. (2023). The value of Pediatric Early Warning Score combined with SBAR in neonatal pneumonia nursing: A retrospective cohort study. Medicine, 102(10), e33197.
Publication 2023
Child Consciousness Cough Critical Illness Emotions Fever Gender Hospitalization Incident Reporting Infant, Newborn Neurologic Examination Nurses Nursing Staff Pain Patients Physicians physiology Pneumonia Psychotherapists Signs, Vital
4
Neurological Function Evaluation Protocol
Neurological function evaluation: the NIHSS scale was used to evaluate the language ability, dysarthria, upper limb movement, and lower limb movement and so on.[12 ]
Wang Y., Huang C., Tian R, & Yang X. (2023). Target temperature management and therapeutic hypothermia in sever neuroprotection for traumatic brain injury: Clinic value and effect on oxidative stress. Medicine, 102(10), e32921.
Publication 2023
Dysarthria Lower Extremity Movement Neurologic Examination Upper Extremity
5
Longitudinal Cognitive Assessment in Cognitively Unimpaired Participants
MCSA participants underwent face‐to‐face evaluations including risk factor ascertainment (including NPI‐Q) and baseline evaluation (including Clinical Dementia Rating Scale) (19 (link)) performed by a nurse or study coordinator; a neurologic evaluation including a neurologic interview, Short Test of Mental Status (20 (link)), and neurologic examination performed by behavioral neurologists; and neuropsychological evaluation of four cognitive domains: memory (delayed recall trials from the Auditory Verbal Learning Test (21 ) and the Wechsler Memory Scale–Revised (22 ), Logical Memory and Visual Reproduction subtests); language (Boston Naming Test (23 ) and category fluency); visuospatial (Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised (23 ), Picture Completion and Block Design subtests); and executive function (Trail Making Test Part B (24 (link)) and the Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale–Revised (25 ), Digit Symbol subtest). All tests were administered by psychometrists and supervised by neuropsychologists. An expert consensus panel of physicians, neuropsychologists, and nurses or study coordinators reviewed the data and determined if a participant was CU, had MCI (based on the revised Mayo Clinic criteria (26 (link)) or dementia. In this analysis we included only individuals who were CU; participants with MCI or dementia were excluded for the current analysis at baseline. Classification of CU was based on normative data developed in this community (27 (link), 28 (link), 29 (link), 30 (link)).
We further created domain‐specific cognitive z‐scores by z‐scoring the averages of the test‐specific z‐scores, and additionally created a global z‐score by z‐scoring the averages of the domain‐specific z‐scores. The outcome of interest for the linear mixed‐effect model analyses was the longitudinal change in global and domain‐specific (i.e., memory, attention/executive function, language, visuospatial skills) cognitive z‐scores.
Pink A., Krell‐Roesch J., Syrjanen J.A., Christenson L.R., Lowe V.J., Vemuri P., Fields J.A., Stokin G.B., Kremers W.K., Scharf E.L., Jack CR J.r., Knopman D.S., Petersen R.C., Vassilaki M, & Geda Y.E. (2023). Interactions Between Neuropsychiatric Symptoms and Alzheimer's Disease Neuroimaging Biomarkers in Predicting Longitudinal Cognitive Decline. Psychiatric Research and Clinical Practice, 5(1), 4-15.
Publication 2023
Attention Cardiac Arrest Cognition Executive Function Face Fingers Hearing Tests Memory Mental Recall Neurologic Examination Neurologists Neuropsychological Tests Nurses Physicians Presenile Dementia Reproduction Systems, Nervous

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More about "Neurologic Examination"

The neurologic examination is a comprehensive assessment of the structure and function of the nervous system.
It involves evaluating a patient's mental status, cranial nerves, motor function, sensory function, reflexes, and coordination.
The goal is to identify any abnormalities or impairments that may indicate underlying neurological conditions.
A thorough neurological exam is a critical step in the diagnostic process and can provide valuable insights into the health and integrity of the nervous system.
Effective protocols and techniques, such as those found in literature, pre-prints, and patents, are essential for optimizing the accuracy and efficiency of these assessments.
Key subtopics of the neurologic examination include: - Evaluation of mental status (cognition, attention, memory, language, etc.) - Assessment of cranial nerves (I-XII) - Examination of motor function (strength, tone, coordination, gait, etc.) - Sensory testing (touch, pain, temperature, proprioception, etc.) - Reflex testing (deep tendon, pathological, etc.) - Coordination and balance assessment Specialized tools and techniques, such as Digital mouse stereotaxic frame, PROTEOSAVE SS 15 mL Conical tube, PROTEOSAVE SS 1.5 mL Slim tube, and Nicolet VikingQuest, may be utilized to enhance the accuracy and efficiency of the neurologic examination.
Optimizing your neurologic examination research can be achieved through the use of AI-driven protocol comparison tools, like PubCompare.ai, which can help you easily locate the best protocols and identify the most effective products and procedures.