> Procedures > Diagnostic Procedure > Pinch Strength

Pinch Strength

Pinch strength refers to the force exerted when the thumb and index finger are used to grip or squeeze an object.
It is a common measure of hand and finger strength, often used in occupational therapy, physical therapy, and sports medicine assessments.
Pinch strength can provide insights into overall hand function and dexterity, and may be useful for evaluating changes in grip ability due to injury, disease, or aging.
Researchers can leverage PubCompare.ai's AI-driven protocol optimization tools to effortlessly identify the most effective protocols and products for pinch strength research, drawing from the latest literature, pre-prints, and patents to advance their work.

Most cited protocols related to «Pinch Strength»

Comprehensive Motor Function Assessment

Portable hand-held dynamometers (Manual Muscle Test System, Model 01163; Lafayette Instruments, Lafayette, IN, USA) were used to assess arm abduction, flexion and extension, hip flexion, knee extension, plantar flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion. Grip and pinch strength were measured bilaterally using a hydraulic dynamometer (Jamar^®; Lafayette Instruments). Motor performances were tested in both arms and legs, using seven performance-based tests of leg function and two tests of motor performance of the arms, as previously described [9 (link)].
We scored each of the performance measures so that higher scores were associated with better performance. To ensure the same directionality in all the performance measures, we first reciprocated the recorded values for five variables (the time and number of steps for the walking and turning tasks, and the number of steps off the line for tandem walking). A score of 0 was recorded if a participant was unable to perform a particular task. Each score was then scaled by dividing by the sex-specific median value of the non-zero values at baseline [24 (link)-26 (link)]. The scaled scores for each measure were then averaged to obtain a composite global motor score for each subject. In previous publications from this cohort, measures were centered before scaling when calculating an alternative global motor score using z scores [9 (link)]. The correlation of our global motor score with the previously published score was high (r = 0.89, P < 0.001).

Buchman A.S., Leurgans, S.E., Boyle, P.A., Schneider, J.A., Arnold S.E, & Bennett D.A. (2011). Combinations of motor measures more strongly predict adverse health outcomes in old age: the rush memory and aging project, a community-based cohort study. BMC Medicine, 9, 42.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2011

Ankle ARID1A protein, human Arm, Upper Eye Movements Functional Performance Grasp Knee Muscle Tissue Pinch Strength

Comprehensive Parkinsonism Evaluation Protocol

The clinical evaluation includes a modified version of the motor portion of the Unified Parkinson's Disease Rating Scale (modified UPDRS) which is used to assess four parkinsonian domains including bradykinesia, rigidity, parkinsonian gait, and tremor, in addition to a composite global measure of parkinsonism [40 (link)].
Upper and lower extremity motor strength and performance tests were collected as previously described [57 ]. These include grip and pinch strength measured by hydraulic dynamometers, arm abduction, arm flexion, arm extension, hip flexion, knee extension, plantar flexion, and ankle dorsiflexion measured with handheld dynamometry; time and number of steps to walk 2.4 meters and to turn 360°; participants were asked to stand on each leg and then on their toes for 10 seconds. We record number of steps off the line when walking 8 feet (2.4 meters) heel-to-toe; and Purdue pegboard and finger tapping. A composite measure of global motor function was constructed by converting the raw score from each of the motor measures to z scores using the mean (SD) from all participants at baseline and averaging. Separate summary measures of strength and performance were also developed.
A continuous composite measure of physical frailty was developed based on the four commonly used components of frailty, as previously described [58 (link)]. These include grip strength, timed 2.4 meter walk, body mass index based on measured height and weight, and fatigue based on two questions from the Center for Epidemiologic Studies-Depression Scale (CES-D). A dichotomous version was also developed for analyses.

Bennett D.A., Schneider J.A., Buchman A.S., Barnes L.L., Boyle P.A, & Wilson R.S. (2012). Overview and Findings from the Rush Memory and Aging Project. Current Alzheimer research, 9(6), 646-663.

Publication 2012

Ankle Bradykinesia Eye Movements Fatigue Fingers Foot Grasp Heel Index, Body Mass Knee Lower Extremity Muscle Rigidity Neoplasm Metastasis Parkinsonian Disorders Physical Examination Pinch Strength Tremor

Anthropometric and Hand Strength Assessment

All surveys and hand strength assessments were administered by a single researcher. Each potential research subject was given a paper survey to obtain demographic information, hand dominance (i.e., the writing hand), and medical history. If a patient satisfied the inclusion and exclusion criteria, the following anthropometric measurements were taken as previously reported in an anthropometric study of a Caucasian population [14 (link)]: 1) hand width (measured at the level of the distal palmar crease), 2) hand length (distal wrist crease to the tip of the longest finger), 3) forearm length (lateral humeral epicondyle to radial styloid process), and 4) forearm circumference (measured to include the midpoint of the forearm length). Total body weight and height were measured with standard scales.
Grip strength was measured with a Jamar hand dynamometer, and both of the pinch strengths were measured with a Jamar hydraulic pinch gauge (Patterson Medical, Bolingbrook, IL, USA). For each of the strength assessments, subjects were seated with the shoulder adducted and neutrally rotated, elbow flexed at 90° with the forearm in neutral position, and wrists between 0° and 30° of flexion and between 0° and 15° of ulnar deviation [15 (link)]. Each test was performed three consecutive times at 1-minute intervals to reduce measurement bias due to fatigue [16 (link)].

Shim J.H., Roh S.Y., Kim J.S., Lee D.C., Ki S.H., Yang J.W., Jeon M.K, & Lee S.M. (2013). Normative Measurements of Grip and Pinch Strengths of 21st Century Korean Population. Archives of Plastic Surgery, 40(1), 52-56.

Publication 2013

Arecaceae Body Weight Caucasoid Races Elbow Fatigue Fingers Forearm Humerus Patients Pinch Strength Shoulder Wrist

Multicondition Hand Function Evaluation

We gathered data prospectively from 422 patients with four specific hand conditions: rheumatoid arthritis, thumb CMC osteoarthritis, carpal tunnel syndrome, and distal radius fracture. With the exception of patients with distal radius fractures, patients for the elective procedures were evaluated preoperatively and at a designated time period postoperatively.
In this dataset, 162 patients with rheumatoid arthritis (RA) were included in a larger, prospective study supported by the National Institutes of Health regarding the use of silicone metacarpophalangeal arthroplasty (SMPA) for joint deformities due to RA. The details of this study and the data collection have been described elsewhere.(31 (link), 32 (link)) RA patients completed the MHQ at the time of enrollment and at 6 months follow-up. Additionally, 97 patients treated at the University of Michigan for carpal tunnel syndrome (CTS) completed the MHQ as part of a study designed to evaluate the complications associated with minimal-incisioncarpal tunnel release. Patients were included in the study based on a diagnosis of carpal tunnel syndrome from clinical presentation (history of hand dysthestheia along the distribution of the median nerve and a positive Phalen’s flexion test finding and/or a positive Tinel’s sign) and electrodiagnostic study confirmation of CTS. Patient completed the MHQ prior to carpal tunnel release, and at 6 months postoperatively.(18 (link), 33 (link)) Data were also collected from 132 distal radius fracture (DRF) patients who underwent operative fixation using the volar locking plating system (VLPS). As it was not possible to survey patients prior to their injury, responses taken at 3 months following surgery were used as baseline, and responses taken at 6 months following surgery were used as follow-up. (34 (link)) Finally, 31 patients with thumb carpometacarpal (CMC) arthritis completed the MHQ as part of a larger study to determine patient outcomes following trapziectomy and modified abductor pollicis longus suspension arthroplasty. (12 (link)) Patients completed the MHQ at their preoperative clinic visit and again at 3 months postoperatively. All study protocols were approved by the institutional review boards at the University of Michigan.
Additionally, the DRF, RA, and CMC arthrtisis patients were assessed at baseline and at each clinic visit with objective measures of functioning, specifically grip strength in kilograms, key or lateral pinch strength in kilograms, and by Jebsen-Taylor Test score.(35 (link))The Jebsen-Taylor test is a battery of tasks for which the subject’s speed of completion is calculated, and consists of the following components: (1) writing a short sentence; (2) turning over 3-by 5-in. cards; (3) picking up small objects and placing them in a container; (4) stacking checkers; (5) simulated eating; (6) moving large, empty cans; and (7) moving large, weighted cans. The time required in seconds to complete each task was recorded for the subjects’ dominant and nondominant hands. A subset of patients completed the Arthritis Impact Measurement Scales 2 questionnaire, a 45- item, self-administered outcomes tool designed to assess health status in patients with inflammatory arthritis and osteoarthritis.(36 (link)) The AIMS2 is designed to provide a global, self-reported assessment of patient health status, and yields information in 4 domains including physical functioning, affect, symptom, and social interaction. Scores range from 1–10, with lower scores reflecting better health.

Waljee J.F., Kim H.M., Burns P.B, & Chung K.C. (2011). Development of a Brief, 12-item Version of the Michigan Hand Questionnaire. Plastic and reconstructive surgery, 128(1), 208-220.

Publication 2011

Arthritis Arthroplasty Carpal Tunnel Syndrome Clinic Visits Congenital Abnormality Degenerative Arthritides Diagnosis Distal Radius Fractures Ethics Committees, Research Injuries Joints Neoplasm Metastasis Nerves, Median Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Physical Examination Pinch Strength Rheumatoid Arthritis Self-Assessment Silicones Thumb Wrist Joint

Comprehensive Functional Capacity Evaluation

Prior to the FCE, subjects filled in a questionnaire to obtain demographic information, a Pain Response Questionnaire and the PAR-Q. Subjects performed a 2 h, 12-item FCE (see Table 1). After an introduction to general FCE procedures, subjects were briefly instructed how to perform each individual test. Each test was first demonstrated by the evaluator. Subjects were allowed to start the next test when the heart rate (HR) was below 70% of the age related maximum HR (220-age). Subjects received instructions on how to use the Borg CR-10 scale which was used for measurement of perceived exertion after each test [15 , 16 ]. Subjects were individually evaluated by 1 of 15 physiotherapy students who had completed a 2-day FCE-training. This study was approved by the Medical Ethical Committee of the University Medical Center Groningen, the Netherlands.

Table 1

Content of the FCE

	Test	Procedure	Performance category	References
1	Lifting floor to table	5 lifts of a weighted crate from table to floor v.v.; 4–5 weight increments until maximum lifting capacity is reached; <90 s Maximum performance was recorded (kg).	Strength	[17 (link)]
2	Lifting table to crown height	5 lifts from table to crown height v.v.; 4–5 weight increments until maximum is reached; <90 s Maximum performance was recorded (kg).	Strength	[17 (link), 18 (link)]
3	Long carry two handed	Carry 20 m; waist height; 4–5 weight increments until maximum is reached; <90 s Maximum performance was recorded (kg).	Strength	[17 (link)]
4	Overhead work test (loaded)	Standing with hands at crown height; manipulating nut/bolts, wrists are loaded with 1 kg cuff weight. Duration was recorded (sec).	Postural tolerance	[18 (link)]
5	Forward bend test standing (loaded)	Standing with 30–60° trunk flexion; Manipulating nut/bolts, upper back is loaded with a weight of 5 kg. Duration was recorded (sec).	Postural tolerance	[17 (link)]
6	Dynamic bending test	Fast repetitive bending at hips and back; remove small object from floor to crown height; 20 reps. Time to complete 20 reps was recorded (sec).	Repetitive work	[17 (link)]
7	Repetitive side reaching test	Remove object horizontally at table height from right to left with right hand/arm and vice versa; distance: wing span; 30 reps.; sitting. Time to complete 30 reps was recorded (sec).	Repetitive work	[17 (link), 18 (link)]
8	Hand grip strength test	In a seated position; the elbow flexed at 90°; grip strength of the right and left hand was measured in a three trial procedure; five different handgrip positions. Mean performance was recorded (kgF).	Strength	[17 (link), 18 (link)]
9	Finger strength test	In a seated position; the elbow flexed at 90°; tip, key and palmar pinch strength of the fingers was measured in a three trial procedure; left/right. Mean performance was recorded (kgF).	Strength	[17 (link), 18 (link)]
10	Purdue pegboard task	In a seated position; placing pins with one hand as fast as possible in a three trial procedure; left/right. Mean number of pins per 30 s was recorded.	Coordination	[17 (link), 18 (link)]
11	Complete Minnesota dexterity test	In a seated position; displacing 59 blocks in a pre determined way with left and right hand as fast as possible in a four trial procedure. Time to complete 4 trials was recorded (sec).	Coordination	[17 (link), 18 (link)]
12	Treadmill ergometry	The subject walks/runs on a treadmill to 85% of HR max. At timed stages of three minutes the speed and grade of slope of the treadmill are increased (Bruce protocol). Time to reach 85% of HR max was recorded and transformed into VO2 max value (ml/min/kg).	Endurance	[19 ]

Soer R., Groothoff J.W., Geertzen J.H., van der Schans C.P., Reesink D.D, & Reneman M.F. (2008). Pain Response of Healthy Workers Following a Functional Capacity Evaluation and Implications for Clinical Interpretation. Journal of Occupational Rehabilitation, 18(3), 290-298.

Publication 2008

Arecaceae Coxa Elbow Fingers Immune Tolerance Pain Pinch Strength Rate, Heart Sitting Student Therapy, Physical Wrist

Most recents protocols related to «Pinch Strength»

Assessment of Grip and Pinch Strength

These measures were used to obtain an assessment of motor function. As the production of a drawing with an implement on a surface must compensate for frictional forces on the surface, both grip and pinch strength can be viewed as functional measures related to both gross and fine motor control. The full procedure for assessing grip and pinch strength can be found in Kirkorian et al. (2020) (link). Briefly, a Preston Jamar hand dynamometer and pinch meter (Patterson Medical, Warrenville, IL) were used for these assessments. For grip strength, the smallest handle position was used for all participants. Participants were asked to attempt three assessments for each hand, alternating between both hands. The maximum grip and pinch measurements across all trials were used in the analyses, as recommended by Roberts et al. (2011) (link).

Jensen C.A., Sumanthiran D., Kirkorian H.L., Travers B.G., Rosengren K.S, & Rogers T.T. (2023). Human perception and machine vision reveal rich latent structure in human figure drawings. Frontiers in Psychology, 14, 1029808.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Friction Grasp Pinch Strength

Avive PUCM for Recalcitrant Nerve Entrapment

Consecutive adult patients who underwent revision surgery for carpal, cubital, and radial tunnel due to recalcitrant and/or unimproved clinical symptoms were included in our study. In all cases, Avive PUCM was wrapped around the respective nerves (Figs. 1–2). All procedures were performed by one of two fellowship-trained hand surgeons over a period of three years. Eighty patients met initial inclusion criteria for the Avive PUCM group. After propensity score analysis, three subjects from the Avive PUCM group were excluded from subsequent analysis, as they did not fit within the common support (the range of propensity scores that exist in both groups). Ultimately, 77 patients (97 nerves) were analyzed in the Avive PUCM group [47.4% (46/97) median nerve, 39.2% (38/97) ulnar nerve, and 13.4% (13/97) radial nerve].
Demographic data, including patient age, sex, and time to revision surgery, were collected. Average time from revision to most recent follow-up was recorded, as well as the site of membrane placement. Physical examination findings were collected pre- and postoperatively, which included visual analog scale (VAS) pain scores, Static 2-point discrimination, Semmes-Weinstein, grip and pinch strength, range of motion (ROM), and subjective patient satisfaction. The Disabilities of the Arm Shoulder and Hand (QuickDASH) score was also collected postoperatively whenever possible.

Cox C.T., Douthit C.R., McKee D.M., Kharbat A.F., Suryavanshi J.R., Maveddat A.V., Bashrum B.S, & MacKay B.J. (2023). Avive Soft Tissue Membrane Improves Outcomes of Revision Upper-extremity Nerve Decompression Surgery. Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery Global Open, 11(3), e4842.

Publication 2023

Adult Disabled Persons Discrimination, Psychology Fellowships Figs Grasp Nerves, Median Nervousness Pain Patients Physical Examination Pinch Strength Radial Nerve Repeat Surgery Shoulder Surgeons Tissue, Membrane Triquetral Bone Ulnar Nerve Visual Analog Pain Scale

Relationship Between Cortical Handedness and Motor Function

In each analysis, we tested normality of the data by means of the Shapiro–Wilk test that did not confirm normality for some groups. For this reason, we chose non-parametric testing. Thus, for the CFT structures, for each dominant hand, we compared the signal intensities of the left and right CFT structures by Mann–Whitney U testing. We calculated peak signal intensity as the ratio of results of the left to right hemispheres (right/left). For hand motor function scores, grip and pinch strengths, and scores of speed and accuracy, we calculated test scores of TT as an asymmetry index ([right − left]/[left + right]). We did a second analysis to confirm whether every index reflected the effect of handedness, and we compared the right- and left-handed groups by Mann–Whitney U testing. The magnitude of the effect size (r) was named “small” at 0.1 or greater, “medium” at 0.3 or greater, and “large” at 0.5 or greater¹⁸. To confirm the relationship between the signal intensity values of the CFT structures and the hand motor functions, we did a simple linear regression of the asymmetry indices of hand motor function against the signal intensity ratios of the CFT structures as the independent variables as a third analysis, and we did the same for each gender separately as a fourth analysis. We used SPSS Statistic 29.0 (IBM, Japan) for the analysis with the significance level set at less than 5%.

Oka N., Sakoh M., Hirayama M., Niiyama M, & Gjedde A. (2023). Relationship between manual dexterity and left–right asymmetry of anatomical and functional properties of corticofugal tracts revealed by T2-weighted brain images. Scientific Reports, 13, 2738.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Gender Grasp Pinch Strength

Measuring Hand Grip and Pinch Strength

We measured grip strengths of both hands as directed by the Japanese Physical Fitness Test Guidelines¹⁶ with a Smedley-type digital grip dynamometer (Grip-D, Takei Scientific Instruments Co., Ltd., Japan) (Fig. 2A). We adjusted the grip width to place the proximal interphalangeal joint of the index finger approximately at 90° during the grasping of the grip dynamometer. To measure grip strength, we asked the volunteers to lower both arms naturally, taking care not to let the grip dynamometer touch the body or clothing. We measured grip strengths twice, alternating the right and left sides and adopting the higher values for analysis. We measured lateral pinch strength with a pinch dynamometer (MT-100, SAKAI Medical Co., Ltd., Japan) (Fig. 2B). We obtained the measurements with the radial surface between the distal and proximal interphalangeal joints of the index finger and thumb, with the shoulder joint in 0° flexion, abduction, and internal/external rotation, the elbow joint in 90° flexion, and the forearm in the middle position. We obtained two measurements, alternating each side, and adopting the higher value for analysis.Figure 2

Measurement of hand motor performance. (A) Grip strength measurement. (B) Lateral pinch strength measurement. (C) Paper format of the Target Test.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Arm, Upper Forearm Grasp Human Body Japanese Joints, Elbow Joints, Finger MT 100 Pinch Strength Shoulder Joint Thumb Touch Voluntary Workers

Evaluating Hand Strength Measures

Grip and pinch strength of the dominant hand will be assessed at baseline, week 5, week 8, and week 16. A series of tests including grip, palmar (three-jaw chuck) pinch, key (lateral) pinch, and tip (two-point) pinch have been demonstrated highly reliable for evaluating hand strength [37 ]. Hand grip strength will be quantified in kilograms by measuring the amount of static force a participant can squeeze around the hand dynamometer (KYTO 2324, Kangdu Electronic Manufacture Co. Ltd, Dongguan, China). Pinch strength will be measured using a Jamar digital pinch gauge (Allegro Medical, Illinois, USA), which will be placed between the radial side of index finger and thumb, between the pulp of the thumb and the index and middle fingers, and between the tip of the thumb and the index finger, respectively, to perform 3 different pinch tests. Participants are supposed to stand with their shoulders slightly adducted and neutrally rotated, and their elbows slightly extended for each of the 4 tests [38 (link)]. The mean of three trials (with intervals of at least 30 s) for each test will be calculated and documented as final score.

Wang W., Shi H., Liu Y., Sun Y., Chen Y, & Liu Z. (2023). Efficacy and safety of acupuncture for hand osteoarthritis: study protocol for a multi-center, randomized, sham-controlled clinical trial. Journal of Orthopaedic Surgery and Research, 18, 89.

Full text: Click here

Publication 2023

Allegro Arecaceae Dental Pulp Elbow Fingers Grasp Pinch Strength Shoulder Thumb

Top products related to «Pinch Strength»

Jamar hydraulic hand and pinch dynamometers by Lafayette Instrument

Sourced in United States

Jamar hydraulic hand and pinch dynamometers are precision instruments designed to measure grip strength and pinch force. These devices utilize hydraulic technology to accurately record and display the user's applied force. They provide objective data for various clinical and research applications.

Spss version 20 by IBM

Sourced in United States, Japan, United Kingdom, Germany, Belgium, Austria, Spain, France, Denmark, Switzerland, Ireland

SPSS version 20 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It provides a range of data analysis and management tools. The core function of SPSS version 20 is to assist users in conducting statistical analysis on data.

Spss version 18 by IBM

Sourced in United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Thailand, China, Italy, Germany

SPSS version 18.0 is a statistical software package developed by IBM. It provides data management, analysis, and reporting capabilities. The core function of SPSS is to assist in the analysis of data and presentation of results.

Spss ver 20 by IBM

Sourced in United States, Austria, Japan

SPSS ver. 20.0 is a software package for statistical analysis. It provides tools for data management, analysis, and presentation. The core function of SPSS is to enable users to perform a variety of statistical tests and analyses on data sets.

Powerlab model 16s by ADInstruments

Sourced in United States

The PowerLab 16S is a versatile data acquisition system designed for recording and analyzing physiological signals. It features 16 analog input channels, allowing simultaneous capture of multiple signals. The device supports a wide range of compatible transducers and amplifiers, enabling the measurement of various biological parameters. The PowerLab 16S provides high-quality data acquisition and flexible software integration for research and teaching applications.

Urethane by Merck Group

Sourced in United States, Germany, United Kingdom, Poland, Italy, China, Sao Tome and Principe, Spain, Australia, Macao, Canada

Urethane is a synthetic material used in the manufacture of various laboratory equipment. It is known for its durability, chemical resistance, and versatility. The core function of urethane is to provide a reliable and durable material for the construction of various lab instruments and equipment.

Spss statistics 25 by IBM

Sourced in United States, Japan, Germany, United Kingdom, Austria

SPSS Statistics 25 is a software package used for statistical analysis. It provides a wide range of data management and analysis capabilities, including advanced statistical techniques, data visualization, and reporting tools. The software is designed to help users analyze and interpret data from various sources, supporting decision-making processes across different industries and research fields.

Grip d by Takei Scientific Instruments

Sourced in Japan

The Grip-D is a high-precision digital force gauge designed for accurate measurement of grip strength. It features a durable aluminum alloy construction and a large, easy-to-read digital display. The device provides reliable and consistent force measurements across a range of applications.

Jamar by Performance Health

Sourced in United States

The Jamar is a hand dynamometer designed to measure grip strength. It is a medical device used to assess and monitor changes in hand and finger strength.

More about "Pinch Strength"

Pinch strength, also known as grip strength or prehensile force, refers to the amount of force exerted when using the thumb and index finger to grip or squeeze an object.
This measurement is commonly used in occupational therapy, physical therapy, and sports medicine assessments to evaluate overall hand function, dexterity, and changes in grip ability due to injury, disease, or aging.
Researchers often utilize specialized tools such as Jamar hydraulic hand and pinch dynamometers to precisely measure pinch strength.
These devices, which may be compatible with SPSS version 20, SPSS version 18.0, SPSS ver. 20.0, or other statistical software like SPSS Statistics 25, allow for detailed data collection and analysis.
In addition to traditional dynamometers, some studies have employed PowerLab (Model 16S) systems or urethane-based grip measurement devices like Grip-D to capture pinch strength data.
These advanced technologies can provide valuable insights into hand function and dexterity, which can be crucial for evaluating the impact of various interventions or the progression of conditions affecting the hands and fingers.
By leveraging the power of AI-driven protocol optimization tools like those offered by PubCompare.ai, researchers can effortlessly identify the most effective protocols and products for their pinch strength studies.
These tools can assist in reviewing the latest literature, pre-prints, and patents to ensure that their research is informed by the most up-to-date and proven methodologies, advancing the field of pinch strength assessment and hand function evaluation.