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Tonometry

Tonometry is the measurement of intraocular pressure, an important diagnostic tool for assessing eye health and detecting conditions like glaucoma.
This non-invasive technique involves using specialized instruments to gently apply pressure to the eye and record the force required to flatten or indent the cornea.
Tonometry provides valuable data on ocular fluid dynamics, helping clinicians monitor changes and guide appropriate treatment.
With advancements in tonometry technoligies, researchers can now leverage AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their studies, identify best protocols, and take their tonometry research to new heights.

Most cited protocols related to «Tonometry»

1
Comparative Analysis of Blood Pressure Measurement Methods
Several BP measurement methods are now available. The main methods include catheterization, auscultation, oscillometry, volume clamping, and tonometry.
Catheterization is the gold standard method [6 (link)]. This method measures instantaneous BP by placing a strain gauge in fluid contact with blood at any arterial site (e.g., radial artery, aorta). However, the method is invasive.
Auscultation, oscillometry, and volume clamping are noninvasive methods. These methods employ an inflatable cuff.
Auscultation is the standard clinical method [7 (link)]. This method measures systolic and diastolic BP by occluding an artery with a cuff and detecting the Korotkoff sounds using a stethoscope and manometer during cuff deflation. The first sound indicates the initiation of turbulent flow and thus systolic BP, while the fifth sound is silent and indicates the renewal of laminar flow and thus diastolic BP.
Oscillometry is the most popular non-invasive, automatic method [8 (link), 9 (link)]. This method measures mean, diastolic, and systolic BP by also using a cuff but with a pressure sensor inside it. The measured cuff pressure not only rises and falls with cuff inflation and deflation but also shows tiny oscillations indicating the pulsatile blood volume in the artery. The amplitude of these oscillations varies with the applied cuff pressure, as the arterial elasticity is nonlinear. The BP values are estimated from the varying oscillation amplitudes using the empirical fixed-ratios principle. When evaluated against auscultation using an Association for the Advancement of Medical Instrumentation (AAMI) protocol, some oscillometric devices achieve BP errors within the AAMI limits of 5 mmHg bias and 8 mmHg precision [10 ]. However, oscillometry is unreliable in subjects with certain conditions such as atrial fibrillation, stiff arteries, and pre-eclampsia [11 ].
Volume clamping is a non-invasive, automatic method used in research [12 (link), 13 ]. This method measures instantaneous (finger) BP by using a cuff and a photoplethysmography (PPG) sensor to measure the blood volume (see Section V.A). The blood volume at zero transmural pressure is estimated via oscillometry. The cuff pressure is then continually varied to maintain this blood volume throughout the cardiac cycle via a fast servo-control system. The applied cuff pressure may thus equal BP. Volume clamping devices also achieve BP errors within AAMI limits when evaluated against auscultation and near AAMI limits when evaluated against radial artery catheterization [14 (link)].
However, cuff use has several drawbacks. In particular, cuffs are cumbersome and time consuming to use, disruptive during ambulatory monitoring, especially while sleeping, and do not readily extend to low resources settings.
Tonometry is another non-invasive method used in research that, in theory, does not require an inflatable cuff [15 , 16 ]. This method measures instantaneous BP by pressing a manometer-tipped probe on an artery. The probe must flatten or applanate the artery so that its wall tension is perpendicular to the probe. However, manual and automatic applanation have proven difficult. As a result, in practice, the measured waveform has been routinely calibrated with cuff BP whenever a BP change is anticipated [17 (link)].
In sum, the existing BP measurement methods are invasive, manual, or require a cuff. So, none are suitable for ubiquitous (i.e., ultra-convenient, unobtrusive, and low cost) monitoring.
Mukkamala R., Hahn J.O., Inan O.T., Mestha L.K., Kim C.S., Töreyin H, & Kyal S. (2015). Towards Ubiquitous Blood Pressure Monitoring via Pulse Transit Time: Theory and Practice. IEEE transactions on bio-medical engineering, 62(8), 1879-1901.
Publication 2015
Aorta Arteries Arteries, Radial Atrial Fibrillation Auscultation BLOOD Blood Pressure Blood Volume Cardiac Volume Catheterization Clinical Protocols Diastole Elasticity Fingers Gold Manometry Medical Devices Oscillometry Photoplethysmography Pre-Eclampsia Pressure Pressure, Diastolic Sound Stethoscopes Strains Systole Systolic Pressure Tonometry
2
Noninvasive Arterial Pressure Waveform Assessment
Tonometry waveforms were signal-averaged using the electrocardiographic R-wave as a fiducial point. Systolic and diastolic cuff blood pressures obtained at the time of the tonometry acquisition were used to calibrate the peak and trough of the signal-averaged brachial pressure waveform. Diastolic and integrated mean brachial pressures were used to calibrate carotid pressure tracings.24 (link) Calibrated carotid pressure was used as a surrogate for central pressure.24 (link) Central pulse pressure was defined as the difference between the peak and trough of the calibrated carotid pressure waveform. Carotid-brachial pulse pressure amplification was defined as brachial pulse pressure divided by central pulse pressure. Augmentation index was computed from the carotid pressure waveform as previously described.25 (link) Carotid-femoral (aortic) and carotid-radial (muscular artery) pulse wave velocities were calculated from tonometry waveforms and body surface measurements, which were adjusted for parallel transmission in the brachiocephalic artery and aortic arch by using the suprasternal notch as a fiducial point.26 (link) The carotid-femoral transit path spans the aorta, making carotid-femoral PWV a measure of aortic stiffness. In contrast, the carotid-radial transit path spans the subclavian, brachial and radial arteries, making carotid-radial PWV a measure of muscular artery stiffness.
Mitchell G.F., Hwang S.J., Vasan R.S., Larson M.G., Pencina M.J., Hamburg N.M., Vita J.A., Levy D, & Benjamin E.J. (2010). Arterial stiffness and cardiovascular events: The Framingham Heart Study. Circulation, 121(4), 505-511.
Publication 2010
Aorta Aortic Stiffness Arch of the Aorta Arterial Stiffness Arteries Arteries, Radial Carotid Arteries Diastole Electrocardiography Femur Measure, Body Muscle Tissue Pressure Pressure, Diastolic Pulse Pressure Systole Tonometry Transmission, Communicable Disease Trunks, Brachiocephalic
3
Measuring Blood Pressure: From Invasive to Noninvasive
The first quantitative measurements of blood pressure were performed in animals by Hales in 1733 [24 , 25 (link)]. Early reports of intra-arterial pressure measurement in the human are from 1912, when Bleichröder [26 ] cannulated his own radial artery. It is unlikely that he recorded his BP although it would have been possible at that time: Frank developed accurate and fast manometers that could measure pulsatile pressure in 1903 [27 ]. Invasive measurement of BP was confined to the physiology labs for quite some time [28 (link), 29 (link)]. However in the 1950s and 1960s, with the development of refined insertion techniques [30 (link)] and Teflon catheters it became standard clinical practice. High fidelity catheter-tip manometers, such as used to measure pressure gradients across a coronary stenosis, were introduced by Murgo and Millar in 1972 [31 ]. Table 1 gives an overview of BP methods.

Methods for measurement of blood pressure and cardiac output

SystemMethodCompanyCOBP
NexfinFinger cuff technology/pulse contour analysisBMEYE+___+___
FinometerFinger cuff technology/pulse contour analysisFMS+___+___
LIFEGARD® ICGThoracic electrical bioimpedanceCAS Medical Systems, Inc.+___+…
BioZ MonitorImpedance cardiographyCardioDynamics International Corporation+___+…
Cheetah reliant“Bioreactance”Cheetah Medical+___+…
Cardioscreen/NiccomoImpedance cardiography and impedance plethysmographyMedis Medizinische Messtechnik GmbH+___+…
AESCULONElectrical “velocimetry”Osypka Medical GmbH+___+…
HIC-4000Impedance cardiographyMicrotronics Corp Bio Imp Tech, Inc.+___
NICaSRegional impedanceNImedical+___
IQ23-dimensional impedanceNoninvasive Medical Technologies+___
ICONElectrical “velocimetry”Osypka Medical GmbH+___
PHYSIO FLOWThoracic electrical bioimpedanceManatec biomedical+___
AcQtracThoracic impedanceVäsamed+___
esCCOPulse wave transit timeNihon Kohden+___
TEBCOThoracic electrical bioimpedanceHEMO SAPIENS INC.+___
NCCOM 3Impedance cardiographyBomed Medical Manufacturing Ltd+___
RheoCardioMonitorImpedance cardiographyRheo-Graphic PTE+___
HemoSonic™ 100transesophageal DopplerArrow Critical Care Products+___
ECOMEndotracheal bioimpedanceConMed Corporation+___
CardioQ-ODM™Oesophageal DopplerDeltex+___
TECOTransesophageal DopplerMedicina+___
ODM IITransesophageal DopplerAbbott+___
HDI/PulseWave™ CR-2000Pressure waveform analysisHypertension Diagnostics, Inc+_ _+_ _
USCOM 1ATransthoracic DopplerUscom+_ _
NICORebreathing FickPhilips Respironics+…
InnocorRebreathing FickInnovision A/S+…
Vigileo/FloTracPulse contour analysisEdwards Lifesciences–___–___
LiDCOplus PulseCOTranspulmonary lithium dilution/pulse contour analysisLiDCO Ltd–___–___
PiCCO2Transpulmonary thermodilution/pulse contour analysisPULSION Medical Systems AG–___–___
MOSTCARE PRAMPulse contour analysisVytech–___–___
VigilancePulmonary artery catheter thermodilutionEdwards Lifesciences–…–___
DDGDye-densitogram analyzerNihon Kohden–…
TruccomPulmonary artery catheter thermodilutionOmega Critical Care–…
COstatusUltrasound dilutionTransonic Systems Inc.–+…
CNAP Monitor 500Finger cuff technologyCNSystems Medizintechnik AG+___
SphygmoCor® CPV SystemApplanation tonometryAtCor Medical+_ _
TL-200 T-LINEApplanation tonometryTensys Medical, Inc.+_ _

+ noninvasive, – invasive, ___ continuous, _ _ semi-continuous, … intermittent

Practical noninvasive (intermittent) BP measurement became possible when Riva-Rocci presented his air-inflatable arm cuff connected to a manometer in 1896 [32 , 33 (link)]. By deflating the cuff and feeling for the pulse, systolic BP could be determined. In 1905 Korotkoff [34 , 35 (link)] advanced the technique further with the auscultatory method making it possible to determine diastolic pressure as well. In 1903 Cushing recommended BP monitoring using the Riva-Rocci sphygmomanometer for patients under general anesthesia [36 (link)]. Nowadays, automated assessment of BP with oscillometric devices is commonly used. These devices determine BP by analyzing the oscillations measured in the cuff-pressure. The pressure in the cuff is first brought above systolic pressure and then deflated to below diastolic pressure. Oscillations are largest when cuff pressure equals mean arterial pressure. Proprietary algorithms determine systolic and diastolic values from the oscillations. Oscillometers may be inaccurate [37 ], and provided values that are frequently lower than direct BP measurements in critically ill patients, [38 (link), 39 (link)] whereas detection of large BP changes is unreliable [40 (link)]. Due to its intermittent nature hyper- and hypotensive periods may be missed [2 (link)].
“Semi-continuous noninvasive methods” based on radial arterial tonometry require an additional arm cuff to calibrate arterial pressure [41 (link)–43 (link)]. The use of these devices may become problematic under conditions with significant patient motion or surgical manipulation of the limbs [43 (link), 44 (link)]. However, tonometry devices have contributed greatly to the knowledge of the relation between the pressure wave shape and cardiovascular function [45 (link), 46 (link)].
Truijen J., van Lieshout J.J., Wesselink W.A, & Westerhof B.E. (2012). Noninvasive continuous hemodynamic monitoring. Journal of Clinical Monitoring and Computing, 26(4), 267-278.
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Publication 2012
Animals Arteries Arteries, Radial Auscultation Cardiovascular Physiological Phenomena Catheters Cheetahs Coronary Stenosis Critical Care Critical Illness Determination, Blood Pressure Diagnosis Diastole Electricity Esophagus General Anesthesia Heart Homo sapiens Lithium Manometry Medical Devices Operative Surgical Procedures Oscillometry Patients physiology Pressure Pressure, Diastolic Pulse Rate Reliance resin cement Sphygmomanometers Systole Systolic Pressure Technique, Dilution Teflon Thermodilution Tonometry Velocimetry
4
Standardized Hemodynamic Measurements Protocol
Participants were asked to avoid exercise, tobacco, alcohol, caffeine and food-intake four hours before evaluation. All haemodynamic measurements were performed in a temperature-controlled environment (21–23°C), with the subject in supine position and after resting for at least 10–15 minutes. Heart rate (HR) and brachial pSBP and pDBP were recorded in supine position using the validated oscillometric device (HEM-433INT; Omron Healthcare Inc., Illinois, USA) simultaneously and/or immediately before or after each non-invasive tonometric(radial and carotid applanation tonometry [RT and CT], respectively] and brachial oscillometry [BOSC]) recording. Peripheral pulse pressure (pPP; pPP = pSBP–pDBP) and MBPc (MBPc = pDBP+pPP/3) were obtained.
Central BP and wave components (Pf and Pb) were assessed (random order) using two commercially available devices: SphygmoCor-CvMS (SCOR; v.9, AtCor-Medical, Australia) and Mobil-O-Graph PWA-monitor system(MOG; I.E.M.-GmbH, Stolberg, Germany) [Fig 1][9 ,10 (link),11 (link)]. Both devices and systems enable doing pulse wave analysis (PWA) and wave separation analysis (WSA)[6 (link),11 (link),12 (link),14 (link)].
Radial and carotid pressure waves were obtained by applanation tonometry with SCOR. The acquired waves were calibrated toMBPc and pDBP(HEM-433INT; Omron Healthcare Inc., Illinois, USA). Central BP waves were derived from radial recordings (using a GTF) and cSBP and cPP were quantified. Carotid artery pulse waves were assumed to be identical to the aortic ones (due to the proximity of the arterial sites). Thus, a GTF was not applied to obtain central waves from carotid records. Considering a triangular flow model (using WSA), Pf and Pb components of the obtained aortic waves were separated [2 ]. Only accurate waveforms on visual inspection and high-quality recordings (in-device quality index>75%) were considered.
Brachial BP levels and waveforms were obtained using the MOG (brachial cuff-based oscillometric device, BOSC)[21 (link)]. The device determined cBP levels and waveforms from peripheral recordings using a validated GTF. Then, by means of PWA and WSA, Pf and Pb were obtained[10 (link),14 (link)]. Only high quality records (index equal to 1 or 2) and satisfactory waves (visual inspection) were considered. A step-by-step explanation of the method used to carry out WSA based on recorded (carotid wave, SCOR) and mathematically-derived aortic waveform (SCOR and MOG) was included as Supplementary Material (S1 Appendix). Absolute and relative intra (repeatability) and inter-observer (reproducibility) variability of cSBP, cPP, Pf and Pb was evaluated [Supplementary Material, S1 Appendix]. No significant differences were observed in cSBP, cPP, Pf or Pb absolute levels either within each visit, between two records or between records obtained by investigators; indicating excellent repeatability, as well as reproducibility. In all cases, the relative inter- and intraobserver variability was <6%.
Zinoveev A., Castro J.M., García-Espinosa V., Marin M., Chiesa P., Bia D, & Zócalo Y. (2019). Aortic pressure and forward and backward wave components in children, adolescents and young-adults: Agreement between brachial oscillometry, radial and carotid tonometry data and analysis of factors associated with their differences. PLoS ONE, 14(12), e0226709.
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Publication 2019
Aorta Arm, Upper Arteries Caffeine Carotid Arteries Common Carotid Artery Eating Environment, Controlled Ethanol Hemodynamics Medical Devices Oscillometry Pressure Pulse Pressure Pulse Rate Pulse Wave Analysis Rate, Heart Tobacco Products Tonometry
5
Whole-Body Impedance Cardiography: Cardiovascular Evaluation
A whole-body impedance cardiography device (CircMonR, JR Medical Ltd, Tallinn, Estonia), which records the changes in body electrical impedance during cardiac cycles, was used to determine beat-to-beat HR, stroke index (stroke volume in proportion to body surface area, ml/m2), cardiac index (cardiac output/body surface area, l/min/m2), and PWV (m/s)
[29 (link)-31 (link)]. Left cardiac work index (kg*m/min/m2) was calculated by formula 0.0143*(MAP–PAOP)*cardiac index, which has been derived from the equation published by Gorlin et al.
[32 (link)]. MAP is mean radial arterial pressure measured by tonometric sensor, PAOP is pulmonary artery occlusion pressure which is assumed to be normal (default 6 mmHg), and 0.0143 is the factor for the conversion of pressure from mmHg to cmH2O, volume to density of blood (kg/L), and centimetre to metre. Systemic vascular resistance index (systemic vascular resistance/body surface area, dyn*s/cm5/m2) was calculated from the signal of the tonometric BP sensor and cardiac index measured by CircMonR.
To calculate the PWV, the CircMon software measures the time difference between the onset of the decrease in impedance in the whole-body impedance signal and the popliteal artery signal. From the time difference and the distance between the electrodes, PWV can be determined. As the whole-body impedance cardiography slightly overestimates PWV when compared with Doppler ultrasound method, a validated equation was utilized to calculate values that correspond to the ultrasound method (PWV = (PWVimpedance*0.696) + 0.864)
[30 (link)]. PWV was determined only in the supine position because of less accurate timing of left ventricular ejection during head-up tilt
[30 (link)]. A detailed description of the method and electrode configuration has been previously reported
[31 (link)]. PWV was also recorded after the head-up tilt in all subjects, and the average difference between the mean PWV before and after the head-up tilt was 0.024 ± 0.388 m/s (mean ± standard deviation), showing the good repeatability of the method (repeatability index R 98%, Bland-Altman repeatability index 0.8)
[33 ]. The cardiac output values measured with CircMonR are in good agreement with the values measured by the thermodilution method
[31 (link)], and the repeatability and reproducibility of the measurements (including PWV recordings) have been shown to be good
[34 (link),35 (link)].
Koskela J.K., Tahvanainen A., Haring A., Tikkakoski A.J., Ilveskoski E., Viitala J., Leskinen M.H., Lehtimäki T., Kähönen M.A., Kööbi T., Niemelä O., Mustonen J.T, & Pörsti I.H. (2013). Association of resting heart rate with cardiovascular function: a cross-sectional study in 522 Finnish subjects. BMC Cardiovascular Disorders, 13, 102.
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Publication 2013
Blood Volume Body Surface Area Cardiac Output Cardiography, Impedance Cerebrovascular Accident Head Heart Human Body Left Ventricles Medical Devices Popliteal Artery Pressure Pulmonary Wedge Pressure Stroke Volume Thermodilution Tonometry Total Peripheral Resistance Ultrasonography Ultrasounds, Doppler

Most recents protocols related to «Tonometry»

1
Neuro-Ophthalmological Evaluation of Study Participants
In parallel to the cognitive assessment, study participants underwent a complete neuro-ophthalmological evaluation, which lasted about 20 min and was performed by an optometrist. The evaluation comprised: (1) a review of past ophthalmological diseases, treatments and surgeries, (2) monocular visual acuity assessment with the participants wearing their habitual correction for refractive error using a pinhole occluder and the Early Treatment of Diabetic Retinopathy Study (ETDRS) chart (Chew et al., 2009 (link); Bokinni et al., 2015 (link)), (3) intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement by Icare tonometry (Pakrou et al., 2008 (link)), and (4) swept source (SS) OCT scan. More details can be found elsewhere (Marquié et al., 2022 (link)). The ophthalmologist and neurologists were blind to each other’s diagnosis.
Marquié M., García-Sánchez A., Alarcón-Martín E., Martínez J., Castilla-Martí M., Castilla-Martí L., Orellana A., Montrreal L., de Rojas I., García-González P., Puerta R., Olivé C., Cano A., Hernández I., Rosende-Roca M., Vargas L., Tartari J.P., Esteban-De Antonio E., Bojaryn U., Ricciardi M., Ariton D.M., Pytel V., Alegret M., Ortega G., Espinosa A., Pérez-Cordón A., Sanabria Á., Muñoz N., Lleonart N., Aguilera N., Tárraga L., Valero S., Ruiz A, & Boada M. (2023). Macular vessel density in the superficial plexus is not associated to cerebrospinal fluid core biomarkers for Alzheimer’s disease in individuals with mild cognitive impairment: The NORFACE cohort. Frontiers in Neuroscience, 17, 1076177.
Full text: Click here
Publication 2023
Chewing Cognition Diabetic Retinopathy Diagnosis Eye Disorders Neurologists Operative Surgical Procedures Ophthalmologists Optometrist Radionuclide Imaging Refractive Errors Tonometry Tonometry, Ocular Visual Acuity Visually Impaired Persons
2
Brachial and Central Blood Pressure Measurements
Office brachial BP measurement was performed using a mercury sphygmomanometer and a standard‐sized cuff (13 cm × 50 cm), after the person had been seated for at least 5 min.8 Brachial systolic and diastolic BP values represented the average of at least two consecutive measurements, separated by at least 5 min.
Office central BP measurement was performed using the carotid tonometry.9 Right carotid artery pressure waveforms were registered noninvasively by applanation tonometry using a high‐fidelity SPC‐301 micromanometer (Millar Instrument, Inc., Houston, Texas, USA).10, 11 Five to ten consecutive carotid pressure waveforms were ensemble averaged to one waveform that was then calibrated to brachial mean and diastolic BPs.11 The inter‐ and intra‐observer variabilities of the estimation of central systolic BP by carotid tonometry were .6% and .9%, respectively.8Ambulatory daytime brachial BP readings were calculated from multiple measurements of the oscillometric ABPM recorders (Model 90207; SpaceLabs Inc., Redmond, Washington, USA).7 Recorders were programmed to measure brachial BP at 20‐min intervals during the daytime (from 7 a.m. to 10 p.m.) and at 60‐min intervals during the nighttime (from 10 p.m. to 7 a.m.).8 The 24‐h BP readings were not edited manually, and only persons whose daytime ABPM records contained ≥ 70% of the total possible readings were included in the present analysis.
For the present study, office brachial hypertension was defined in retrospect as office brachial systolic BP ≥130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 80 mmHg.1 Office central hypertension was defined as office central systolic BP ≥130 mmHg or diastolic BP ≥ 80 mmHg. Ambulatory daytime brachial hypertension was defined as average brachial systolic BP ≥ 130 mmHg or average diastolic BP ≥ 80 mmHg during daytime.
Chuang S., Cheng H., Chang W., Yeh W., Huang C, & Chen C. (2023). 130/80 mmHg as a unifying hypertension threshold for office brachial, office central, and ambulatory daytime brachial blood pressure. The Journal of Clinical Hypertension, 25(3), 266-274.
Publication 2023
Carotid Arteries Common Carotid Artery Diastole High Blood Pressures Mercury Oscillometry Pressure Pressure, Diastolic Sphygmomanometers Systole Systolic Pressure Tonometry
3
Choroidal Thickness in Inactive Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy
This cross-sectional study included 78 adult patients who were recruited from the Department of Ophthalmic Plastic and Reconstructive Surgery. A detailed evaluation, including data on demographics and systemic and ocular history, was noted for all patients. Written informed consent was obtained from all patients. The study followed the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki and was approved by the University of Health Sciences Hamidiye Scientific Research Ethics Committee (register number 21/11).
The patients’ diagnosis of TAO was based on the criteria of the European Group on Graves’ Orbitopathy (EUGOGO) Consensus Statement (18 (link),19 (link)). According to EUGOGO classification, all patients have mild Graves ophthalmopathy, that is, lid retraction <2 mm, mild soft tissue involvement, exophthalmos <3 mm, no diplopia or transient diplopia, and exposure keratopathy responsive to lubrication. Furthermore, thyroid-associated ophthalmopathy activity was defined using the clinical activity score (CAS) (20 (link)). In this study, all the patients who have normal thyroid function tests and with CAS s below 3 for 6 months were included in the study. On the other hand, in patients in the active stage of TAO with CAS ≥3, the presence of a difference in proptosis of more than 2 mm between the eyes, optic neuropathy, corneal ulcers, and any restrictions in the ductions, and those under current or previously systemic corticosteroid therapy or with a history of orbital surgery or radiation treatment were considered not eligible for this study. In addition, patients with high blood pressure (systolic pressure >140 mmHg or diastolic pressure >90 mmHg), cardiovascular disease, and diabetes, refractive error more than ±6 diopters and had EDI-OCT with poor image quality, which might affect the choroidal measurements, were also excluded.
Only one eye was selected in eligible patients with inactive TAO. If the involvement was unilateral, the involved eye was included, whereas, in the case of bilaterality, the selection of the eye to be examined was random. In the healthy control group, right eye was included in the study.
An ophthalmological evaluation consisted of the measurement of best-corrected visual acuity (BCVA), intraocular pressure measurement with a Goldmann applanation tonometer, a slit-lamp biomicroscopic examination of the anterior segment, and dilated fundus examination for all the participants. Axial length measurements were taken with IOL Master optical biometry (Zeiss Meditec AG, Jena, Germany). The same examiner, who was skilled at Hertel exophthalmometry, measured the proptosis.
Imaging of the choroid was performed after pupil dilation with 1% topical tropicamide (Tropamid Fort 1%, Bilim Pharmaceuticals, Istanbul, Türkiye), using the EDI mode of OCT-imaging device (Spectralis Heidelberg HRA + OCT, Heidelberg Engineering, Germany).
Pehlivanoglu S., Aksoy F.E., Karabulut G.O., Tunc U., Fazil K., Artunay O, & Taskapili M. (2023). Assessment of Choroidal Vascularity in Inactive Thyroid Associated Orbitopathy. Beyoglu Eye Journal, 8(1), 38-44.
Publication 2023
Adrenal Cortex Hormones Adult Cardiovascular Diseases Choroid Corneal Ulcer Diabetes Mellitus Diagnosis Ethics Committees, Research Europeans Exophthalmos High Blood Pressures Lubrication Medical Devices Mydriasis Neural-Optical Lesion Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Pharmaceutical Preparations Pressure, Diastolic Radiotherapy Reconstructive Surgical Procedures Refractive Errors Slit Lamp Examination Systolic Pressure Therapeutics Thyroid-Associated Ophthalmopathy Thyroid Function Tests Tissues Tonometry Transients Tropicamide Visual Acuity
4
Evaluating Eyelid Eversion Disorder
The BCVA examination with Snellen chart, intraocular pressure (IOP) measurement with Goldmann applanation tonometer, biomicroscopic anterior segment examination, and fundus examination were performed by the same ophthalmologist in each patient. Cases detected glaucoma in fundus examination and IOP measurements according to the European Glaucoma Society guidelines (10 ) were excluded from the study. The eyes of the participants were evaluated for (UEH; easily everted upper eyelids) and FES. It was considered as UEH if tarsal plate turn easily with gentle traction on the upper eyelid. If papillary conjunctivitis was accompanied by UEH, it was defined as FES (11 (link)). All ophthalmic examinations and measurements were done for each individual in the identical testing room under standard condition by same experienced person (II) in the same time zone (between 9 and 12 a.m) without pupil dilation. Participants were also compared with regard to systemic conditions such as systemic HT and body-mass index (BMI). Corneal topography and anterior segment measurements were obtained by the Scheimpflug method by Sirius Topography system (CSO SIRIUS 3D Rotating Scheimpflug Camera and Topography System V.3.2).
Isik I., Yazgan S., Erboy F, & Dogan M. (2023). Evaluation of Eyelid, Angle, and Anterior Segment Parameters Using Scheimpflug Camera and Topography System in Obstructive Sleep Apnea Syndrome. Beyoglu Eye Journal, 8(1), 5-13.
Publication 2023
Conjunctivitis Corneal Topography Europeans Eyelids Glaucoma Index, Body Mass Mydriasis Ophthalmologists Patients Physical Examination Slit Lamp Examination Tonometry Traction
5
Long-term Outcomes of Trabectome Surgery
This is a retrospective-single center non-comparative study that aimed to investigate whether TS was successful in the long term and determine factors influencing success or leading to failure. This study was approved by the local ethics committee with the registration number HNEAH-KAEK-2021/1 and adhered to the tenets of the Declaration of Helsinki as revised in 2013.
The study included all patients aged above 40 years, who had POAG and PEXG of any stage with or without previous surgical or laser intervention for glaucoma treatment and underwent trabectome surgery alone (TA) or combined with phacoemulsification trabectome phacotrabectome (TP) between 2012 and 2016 in a single tertiary center. Data were collected from the patient files and hospital records. Patients with less than 6 months of follow-up and those with missing or incomplete medical records were not included in the study. Patients with any secondary glaucoma (other than PEXG), angle closure glaucoma, congenital or juvenile glaucoma, those with a history of complicated cataract surgery, vitrectomy, or keratoplasty, and those with inflammatory eye diseases, retinal detachment, diabetic retinopathy, senile macular degeneration, retinal vascular diseases, aphakia, degenerative myopia, or nanophthalmos were not included in the study. Demographic data, including age and gender, eye laterality, best-corrected visual acuity using the logMAR system, lens status, type of glaucoma, glaucoma stage according to the Hodapp-Parrish-Anderson criteria (14 (link)) using the Goldmann visual field analysis Swedish Interactive Threshold Algorithm Standard 30–2 (Humphrey Visual Field Analyzer, Carl Zeiss Inc., Dublin, CA, USA), central corneal thickness (CCT) measured by Pentacam (rotating Scheimpflug camera; Oculus, Wetzlar, Germany), IOP measured using Goldmann applanation tonometry, number of antiglaucomatous drug molecules used, type of surgery, and any previous surgery were noted.
Outcome measures assessed at the sixth month and last visit included IOP, number of glaucoma drug molecules used, additional glaucoma or ocular surgery requirement and time from index to additional surgery, visual acuity, and any additional ocular pathology affecting visual acuity. Surgical success was defined as a drop in IOP by 20% or IOP ≤21 mmHg and no further glaucoma surgery. Patients that died and those that were lost to follow-up were also noted.
All the operations were performed by a single well-experienced glaucoma surgeon (Y.Y.). Surgery was performed under topical anesthesia through a 1.7 mm clear corneal temporal incision, using a modified Swan-Jacobs surgical gonioscopy lens (Ocular Instruments, Bellevue, WA, USA). To achieve the best visualization angle, the head was rotated 30-40°counterclockwise and the microscope was tilted 30–40° clockwise toward the surgeon. Using viscoelastic, the trabectome tip was advanced, and nasally ≈60–100° strip of the inner wall of the trabeculum and Schlemm’s canal was removed. Routine anterior chamber antibiotic prophylaxis was applied. In the combined procedure, TS was performed first. All the patients were instructed to use antibiotics for 10 days and steroid and pilocarpine treatment for one month.
Un Y., Buyukavsar C., Comerter D., Sonmez M, & Yildirim Y. (2023). Long-Term Clinical Results of Trabectome Surgery in Turkish Patients with Primary Open Angle Glaucoma and Pseudoexfoliative Glaucoma. Beyoglu Eye Journal, 8(1), 14-20.
Publication 2023
Age-Related Macular Degeneration Angle Closure Glaucoma Antibiotic Prophylaxis Antibiotics, Antitubercular Antiglaucoma Agents Aphakia Blood Vessel Cataract Extraction Chambers, Anterior Cornea Diabetic Retinopathy Exfoliation Syndrome Eye Eye Disorders Functional Laterality Gender Glaucoma Glaucoma, Primary Open Angle Gonioscopy Head Inflammation Keratoplasty Lens, Crystalline Microphthalmos Microscopy Myopia, Degenerative Operative Surgical Procedures Patients Phacoemulsification Pharmaceutical Preparations Pilocarpine Regional Ethics Committees Retina Retinal Detachment Retinal Diseases Schlemm's Canal Steroids Surgeons Tonometry Topical Anesthetics Vascular Diseases Visual Acuity Vitrectomy

Top products related to «Tonometry»

1
Sphygmocor by CardieX
Sourced in Australia, United States
The SphygmoCor is a non-invasive diagnostic device that measures central blood pressure and arterial stiffness. It uses applanation tonometry to capture the pressure waveform at the radial artery and then applies a validated transfer function to estimate the aortic pressure waveform.
2
Sphygmocor system by CardieX
Sourced in Australia, United States
The SphygmoCor system is a non-invasive device that measures central aortic blood pressure and related parameters. It utilizes a tonometry sensor placed on the radial artery to capture waveform data, which is then analyzed to provide information about the central hemodynamics.
3
Endopat 2000 by Itamar Medical
Sourced in Israel, United States
The EndoPAT 2000 is a non-invasive diagnostic device designed to measure endothelial function, a key indicator of cardiovascular health. The device uses plethysmography to detect changes in arterial pulsatile volume, providing a measure of endothelial function.
4
Iol master by Zeiss
Sourced in Germany, United States, Ireland, Japan, United Kingdom, Lao People's Democratic Republic
The IOL Master is a non-contact optical biometry device used to measure various parameters of the eye, including axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature. It provides precise measurements that are essential for calculating the appropriate intraocular lens power for cataract surgery.
5
Spectralis by Heidelberg Engineering
Sourced in Germany, United States, United Kingdom, Japan, Switzerland, Ireland
The Spectralis is an optical coherence tomography (OCT) imaging device developed by Heidelberg Engineering. It captures high-resolution, cross-sectional images of the retina and optic nerve using near-infrared light. The Spectralis provides detailed structural information about the eye, which can aid in the diagnosis and management of various eye conditions.
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Sphygmocor device by CardieX
Sourced in Australia
The SphygmoCor device is a non-invasive diagnostic tool used to measure arterial stiffness and central blood pressure. It utilizes tonometry, a technique that senses the pressure waveform at the radial artery, to provide detailed analysis of the cardiovascular system.
7
Spt 301 by Millar
Sourced in United States
The SPT-301 is a laboratory equipment designed for the measurement and analysis of thermal properties. It is capable of determining the specific heat capacity and thermal conductivity of various materials. The device operates using established scientific principles and protocols to provide accurate and reliable data for research and testing purposes.
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Hem 9000ai by Omron
Sourced in Japan
The HEM-9000AI is a blood pressure monitor that provides accurate and consistent blood pressure measurements. It features advanced sensors and algorithms to deliver reliable results.
9
Goldmann applanation tonometry by Haag-Streit
Sourced in Switzerland, Germany
Goldmann applanation tonometry is a device used to measure intraocular pressure (IOP) within the eye. It works by gently flattening a portion of the cornea and measuring the force required to achieve this flattening. The device provides an objective and quantitative measurement of IOP, which is a crucial parameter in the diagnosis and management of conditions such as glaucoma.
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Iolmaster 500 by Zeiss
Sourced in Germany, United States, Japan, Ireland, Switzerland, China
The IOLMaster 500 is a non-contact optical biometry device designed for ocular measurements. It utilizes optical coherence technology to precisely measure axial length, anterior chamber depth, and corneal curvature. The IOLMaster 500 is a diagnostic tool used in pre-operative evaluations for cataract and refractive surgery.

More about "Tonometry"

Intraocular Pressure Measurement: Unveiling the Power of Tonometry.
Tonometry, the non-invasive technique for assessing eye health, has become an essential diagnostic tool in the realm of ophthalmology.
This innovative procedure involves the gentle application of pressure to the eye, allowing clinicians to measure the force required to flatten or indent the cornea, providing invaluable insights into the eye's fluid dynamics.
With advancements in tonometry technologies, researchers can now leverage cutting-edge AI-driven tools like PubCompare.ai to optimize their studies, identify best protocols, and take their tonometry research to new heights.
This powerful platform enables researchers to easily locate the most effective tonometry protocols from literature, pre-prints, and patents through intelligent comparisons, empowering them to make informed decisions and enhance the reproducibility and accuracy of their work.
Beyond tonometry, related technologies such as SphygmoCor, EndoPAT 2000, IOL Master, Spectralis, and IOLMaster 500 offer a comprehensive suite of diagnostic tools for clinicians and researchers alike.
These innovative instruments provide a holistic approach to understanding ocular health, from measuring intraocular pressure to evaluating corneal thickness and assessing vascular function.
By harnessing the power of these advanced technologies and leveraging the insights gained through platforms like PubCompare.ai, researchers can unlock new frontiers in tonometry research, driving the field forward and leading to improved patient outcomes.
Whether you're investigating glaucoma, monitoring changes in ocular fluid dynamics, or exploring the latest advancements in tonometry, the future of eye health has never been brighter.